Sakha (Yakutia) Republic | |
---|---|
Республика Саха (Якутия) | |
Other transcription(s) | |
• Sakha | Саха Республиката |
Anthem: Naitional Anthem o the Sakha Republic | |
![]() | |
Coordinates: 66°24′N 129°10′E / 66.400°N 129.167°ECoordinates: 66°24′N 129°10′E / 66.400°N 129.167°E | |
Kintra | Roushie |
Federal destrict | Far Eastren[1] |
Economic region | Far Eastren[2] |
Established | 27 Aprile 1922[3] |
Capital | Yakutsk[3] |
Govrenment | |
• Bodi | State Assembly (Il Tumen)[4] |
• President[4] | Yegor Borisov[5] |
Area | |
• Total | 3103200 km2 (1,198,200 sq mi) |
Area rank | 1st |
Population (2010 Census)[7] | |
• Total | 958,291 |
• Estimate (2018)[8] | 964,330 (+0.6%) |
• Rank | 55t |
• Density | 0.31/km2 (0.80/sq mi) |
• Urban | 64.1% |
• Rural | 35.9% |
Time zone | UTC+9 ([9]) |
ISO 3166 code | RU-SA |
License plates | 14 |
OKTMO ID | 98000000 |
Offeecial leids | Roushie;[10] Sakha[11] |
Website | http://www.sakha.gov.ru/ |
The Sakha (Yakutie) Republic (Roushie: Республика Саха (Якутия); Sakha: Саха Республиката, Sakha Respublikata) is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic). Population: 958,291 (2010 Census),[7] consistin mainly o ethnic Yakuts an Roushies.
Comprisin hauf o the Far Eastren Federal Destrict, it is the lairgest subnaitional govrening body bi aurie in the warld at 3,103,200 km2 (1,198,200 sq mi) (juist smawer nor Indie which covers an aurie o 3,287,240 km2). It haes a population o fewer nor ane million inhabitants. Its caipital is the ceity o Yakutsk.
Afore the arrival o the Roushie Empire, the majority o the local population believed in Tengrianism common tae Turkic-leid fowk o Central Asie, or in Paleoasie indigenous shamanism wi baith 'licht' (community leadin) an 'daurk' (healin through spirit journey) shamans. Unner the Roushies, the local population wis convertit tae the Roushie Orthodox Kirk an required tae tak Orthodox Christian names, but in practice generally continued tae follae traditional releegions. Durin the Soviet era, maist or aw o the shamen dee'd athoot successors.
Currently, while Orthodox Christianity maintains a follaein (housomeivver, wi vera few priests willin tae be stationed ootside o Yakutsk), there is interest an activity toward renewin the traditional releegions. As o 2008, Orthodox leaders describit the warld view o the republic's indigenous population (or, rather, those amang the population who are no completely indifferent tae releegion) as dvoyeverie (dual belief seestem), or a "tendency toward syncretism", as evidencit bi the locals sometimes first invitin a shaman, an then an Orthodox priest tae carry oot their rites in connection wi some event in their life.[12]
Accordin tae the Information Center unner the Preses o Sakha Republic (Информационный центр при Президенте РС(Я)), the releegious demography o the republic wis as follaes:[13]
Sakha stretches tae the Henrietta Islands in the far north an is washed bi the Laptev an Eastren Siberie Seas o the Airctic Ocean. These watters, the cauldest an iciest o aw seas in the northren hemisphere, are covered bi ice for 9–10 months o the year. New Siberie Islands are a pairt o the republic's territory. Efter Nunavut wis separatit frae Canadae's Northwast Territories, Sakha became the lairgest subnaitional entity (statoid) in the warld, wi an aurie o 3,103,200 square kilometre (1,198,200 sq mi), slichtly smawer than the territory o Indie (3.3 million km²).
Sakha can be dividit intae three great vegetation belts. Aboot 40% o Sakha lees abuin the Airctic circle an aw o it is covered bi permafrost which greatly influences the region's ecology an limits forests in the soothren region. Airctic an subairctic tundra define the middle region, where lichen an moss grow as great green carpets an are favorite pasturs for reindeer. In the soothren pairt o the tundra belt, scattered staunds o dwarf Siberie pine an larch grow alang the rivers. Belaw the tundra is the vast taiga forest region. Larch trees dominate in the north an staunds o fir an pine begin tae appear in the sooth. Taiga forests cover aboot 47% o Sakha an amaist 90% o the cover is larch.
The Sakha Republic is the steid o Pleistocene Pairk, a project directit at recreatin pleistocene tundra grasslands bi stimulatin the growth o grass wi the introduction o animals which thrivit in the region durin the late Pleistocene — early Holocene period.
Sakha spans three different time zones:
Navigable Lena River (4,310 km), as it muives northward, includes hunders o sma tributaries locatit in the Verkhoyansk Range. Ither major rivers include:
There are ower 800,000 lakes in the republic.[14] Major lakes an reservoirs include:
Sakha's greatest muntain range, the Verkhoyansk Range, runs across the Lena River, forming a great arc that begins the Sea o Okhotsk an ends in the Laptev Sea.
The Chersky Range runs east of the Verkhoyansk Range an has the highest peak in Sakha, Peak Pobeda (3,003 m). Recent satellite photos, revealed that Peak Mus-Khaya may in fact be a higher point, reaching 3,011 m.
The Stanovoi Range borders Sakha in the south.
Sakha has a lot of natural materials. The soil contains muckle reserves of oil, gas, coal, diamonds, gold, siller, tin, tungsten an mony ithers. 99% o aw Roushie diamonds are mined in Sakha, accoontin for ower 25% o the warld's diamond production.
Sakha is kent for its climate extremes, wi the Verkhoyansk Range being the cauldest aurie in the northren hemisphere. Winters here are extremely cauld. Some o the lawest natural temperaturs iver recordit hae been here. The Northren Hemisphere's Pole o Cauld is at Verkhoyansk, whaur the temperaturs reached as law as −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) in 1892, an at Oymyakon, whaur the temperaturs reached as law as −71.2 °C (−96.2 °F) in 1926.
Main airticle: Admeenistrative diveesions o the Sakha Republic |
The offeecial leids are baith Roushie an Sakha, kent as Yakut an aw, which is spoken bi approximately 25% o the population. The Yakut leid is Turkic wi Mongolie influence an some borraeins frae Sakha's Paleosiberie indigenous fowks.
Births | Daiths | Birth rate | Daith rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | 13,899 | 5,700 | 20.6 | 8.5 |
1975 | 15,636 | 6,242 | 20.2 | 8.1 |
1980 | 18,132 | 7,501 | 20.4 | 8.5 |
1985 | 22,823 | 7,266 | 22.8 | 7.3 |
1990 | 21,662 | 7,470 | 19.4 | 6.7 |
1991 | 19,805 | 7,565 | 17.8 | 6.8 |
1992 | 17,796 | 8,710 | 16.3 | 8.0 |
1993 | 16,771 | 9,419 | 15.6 | 8.8 |
1994 | 16,434 | 10,371 | 15.6 | 9.9 |
1995 | 15,731 | 10,079 | 15.3 | 9.8 |
1996 | 14,584 | 9,638 | 14.4 | 9.5 |
1997 | 13,909 | 9,094 | 13.9 | 9.1 |
1998 | 13,640 | 8,856 | 13.8 | 9.0 |
1999 | 12,724 | 9,480 | 13.1 | 9.8 |
2000 | 13,147 | 9,325 | 13.7 | 9.7 |
2001 | 13,262 | 9,738 | 13.9 | 10.2 |
2002 | 13,887 | 9,700 | 14.6 | 10.2 |
2003 | 14,224 | 9,660 | 15.0 | 10.2 |
2004 | 14,716 | 9,692 | 15.5 | 10.2 |
2005 | 13,591 | 9,696 | 14.3 | 10.2 |
2006 | 13,713 | 9,245 | 14.4 | 9.7 |
2007 | 15,268 | 9,179 | 16.1 | 9.7 |
2008 | 15,363 | 9,579 | 16.2 | 10.1 |
• 432,290 Yakuts (45.54%), • 390,617 Roushies (41.15%), • 34,633 Ukrainians (3.65%), • 18,232 Evenks (1.92%), • 11,657 Evens (1.23%), • 10,755 Tatars (1.13%), • 7,266 Buriats (0.77%), • 4,236 Belaroushies (0.45%), • 2,764 Armenies (0.29%), • 2,355 Bashkirs (0.25%), • 2,293 Azeris (0.24%), • 2,283 ethnic Germans (0.24%), • 2,255 Moldovans (0.24%), • 2,072 Mordovies (0.22%), • 1,815 Koreans (0.19%), • 1,700 Chuvash (0.18%), • 1,454 Kyrgyz (0.15%), • 1,272 Dolgans (0.13%), • 1,272 Uzbeks (0.13%), • 1,105 Tajiks (0.12%), • 1,097 Yukagirs (0.12%), • 1,000 Ingush (0.11%), an ither groups o less nor ane thoosan persons each. (0.28% o the inhabitants declined tae state their naitionality on the census questionnaire.)[16]
Historical population figures are shown belaw:
census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yakuts | 233,273 (56.5%) | 226,053 (46.4%) | 285,749 (43.0%) | 313,917 (36.9%) | 365,236 (33.4%) | 432,290 (45.5%) |
Dolgans | 10 (0.0%) | 64 (0.0%) | 408 (0.0%) | 1,272 (0.1%) | ||
Evenks | 10,432 (2.5%) | 9,505 (2.0%) | 9,097 (1.4%) | 11,584 (1.4%) | 14,428 (1.3%) | 18,232 (1.9%) |
Evens | 3,133 (0.8%) | 3,537 (0.7%) | 6,471 (1.0%) | 5,763 (0.7%) | 8,668 (0.8%) | 11,657 (1.2%) |
Yukaghir | 267 (0.1%) | 285 (0.1%) | 400 (0.1%) | 526 (0.1%) | 697 (0.1%) | 1,097 (0.1%) |
Chukchis | 400 (0.1%) | 325 (0.1%) | 387 (0.1%) | 377 (0.0%) | 473 (0.0%) | 602 (0.1%) |
Roushies | 146,741 (35.5%) | 215,328 (44.2%) | 314,308 (47.3%) | 429,588 (50.4%) | 550,263 (50.3%) | 390,671 (41.2%) |
Ukrainians | 4,229 (1.0%) | 12,182 (2.5%) | 20,253 (3.0%) | 46,326 (5.4%) | 77,114 (7.0%) | 34,633 (3.6%) |
Ithers | 14,723 (3.6%) | 20,128 (4.1%) | 27,448 (4.1%) | 43,695 (5.1%) | 76,778 (7.0%) | 58,826 (6.2%) |