Consonants[1]
IPA
|
Examples
|
Modern English approximation
|
b
|
bysig, lamb, habban
|
busy
|
ç
|
niht, tǣhte[2]
|
hue
|
d
|
dōn, fæder, land, biddan
|
do
|
dʒ
|
sengan, ecg[3]
|
edge
|
ð
|
ōþer, eorþe[4]
|
other
|
f
|
fæder, ƿīf, offrian[4]
|
father
|
ɡ
|
gōd, gnætt, geong[3]
|
good
|
h
|
hēah, hǣlþ[2]
|
heaven
|
j
|
geong, nægl, ƿeg, gēa, bysig[3]
|
year
|
k
|
cyning, cnǣƿ, tusc, hnecca, axian[3][5]
|
king
|
l
|
lufu, hǣlþ, nægl
|
leaf
|
ɫ
|
feallan, eald, ƿlite[6]
|
peal
|
l̥
|
hlāf, hlehhan[7]
|
whispered leaf
|
m
|
mōdor, magan, lamb
|
mother
|
n
|
nēah, cnēo, gnætt, land, habban, sunne
|
near
|
n̥
|
hnutu, hnecca[7]
|
whispered near
|
ŋ
|
geong, drincan
|
young
|
p
|
pæþ
|
path
|
r
|
rǣdan, mōdor[8]
|
read
|
rˠ
|
eorþe, steorra, ƿrang[6][8]
|
ruff
|
r̥
|
hring[7][8]
|
whispered read
|
s
|
sunne, missan, axian[4][5]
|
sun
|
ʃ
|
sceadu, fisc[3]
|
shadow
|
t
|
tīd, hƿæt, settan
|
stand
|
tʃ
|
cēace, ƿicce[3]
|
cheese
|
v
|
ofer, lufu[4]
|
over
|
ɣ
|
magan, lagu, dagum
|
Spanish fuego
|
w[9]
|
ƿīf, cƿic, cnǣƿ
|
wife
|
ʍ
|
hƿā, hƿæt[7]
|
what (some speakers)
|
x
|
hēah, þurh, hlehhan[2]
|
loch (Scottish English)
|
z
|
bysiġ[4]
|
busy
|
θ
|
þæt, pæþ, hǣlþ, siþþan[4]
|
through
|
|
Vowels[10]
IPA
|
Examples
|
Modern English approximation
|
ɑ
|
axian, sceadu, hnecca[11]
|
cot (American English)
|
ɑː
|
ān, hlāf, hƿā
|
father
|
æ
|
æfter, fæder
|
cat
|
æː
|
ǣnig, hǣlþ
|
dad
|
e
|
ecg, fæder
|
similar to late
|
eː
|
ēþel
|
similar to made
|
i
|
ilca, cƿic, hālig
|
feet
|
iː
|
īsig, tīd
|
need
|
o
|
ofer, sceolde, heofon[11]
|
thorn
|
oː
|
ōþer, mōdor
|
door
|
ø
|
[example needed][12]
|
turn
|
øː
|
gemœ̄tan[12]
|
blur
|
u
|
under, geong, lufu[11]
|
root
|
uː
|
ūt
|
mood
|
y
|
scyld, yfel
|
French tu
|
yː
|
fȳr
|
German Dürer
|
Diphthongs
|
æɑ
|
eald
|
mouth (Cockney)
|
æːɑ
|
ēage, nēah
|
now (Cockney)
|
eo
|
eorþe, heofon
|
bed + rod
|
eːo
|
ēoƿu, dēor
|
snail (MLE)
|
iy
|
siex[13]
|
feet + French tu
|
iːy
|
nīehst[13]
|
need + French tu
|
Suprasegmentals
IPA
|
Examples
|
Explanation
|
ˈ
|
eorþe [ˈeorˠðe]
|
stress mark (placed right before the stressed syllable)
|
|