Bellaria socolatae et socolata liquefacta . Socolata e nuce cocoa? fit, e naturali theobromini fonte.Theobrominum , etiam xantheosum appellatum, est principale Theobromatis cacao alcaloidum .[ 1] Aliquantulum solubile in aqua (330 mg/L) est, gustatu amarum.[ 2] Additivo cibario? et precursori nonnullorum faciei medicaminum in rebus fabricandis prodest.[ 1] Invenitur in socolata variisque cibis aliis, foliis Camelliae sinensis plantisque generis Colae non exclusis. Theobrominum est solidum album , aut colore caret, sed exemplaria in commercio adhibita subflava videri possunt.[ 2]
Theobrominum est molecula plana,[ 3] e purino deductum. Dimethyl? xanthinum describitur.[ 2] [ 4] Inter cognata composita chemica sunt theophyllinum , caffeinum , paraxanthinum, et 7-methylxanthinum, quorum quodque numero vel loco gregum methylatorum unicum est.[ 2]
Theobrominum primum anno 1841 inventum est[ 5] in nucibus Theobromatis cacao ab Alexandro Voskresenskij, chemico Russico .[ 6] Synthesis theobromini ex xanthino primum anno 1882 a Hermanno Aemilio Fischer nuntiata est.[ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Deducitur vocabulum theobrominum a Theobromate (nomine generis arboris cacao) + -inum, suffixo alcaloidorum aliorumque compositorum quae nitrogenium basicum continent.[ 10] Quod nomen vicissim in theo 'deo ' + broma 'cibo ' radicibus Graecis consistit, una 'victum deorum' significantes .[ 11] Contra autem nomen, hoc compositum bromino caret.
Caffeinum in iecure metabolizatur in tria metabolita primaria: paraxanthinum (84%), theobrominum (12%), et theophyllinum (4%).Inter species plantarum quibus sunt notabiles theobromini summae sunt:[ 12]
Parvae theobromini summae etiam in nuce cola,? baccis Paulliniae cupanae , Ilice paraguariensi, Ilice vomitoria , Ilice guayusa, et Camellia sinensi inveni possunt.[ 13]
Nexus interni Historia socolatae
Theodrenalinum
↑ 1.0 1.1 "Theobromine" . PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 27 Augusti 2022 .
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Theobromine and the pharmacology of cocoa". Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 200 (200): 201–34. 2011 . ISBN 978-3-642-13442-5 .
↑ Ford, K. A.; Ebisuzaki, Y.; Boyle, P. D. (1998). "Methylxanthines. II. Anhydrous Theobromine". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 54 (12): 1980–83 .
↑ Environment and Behavior . Westview Press. 1997 . p. 200 . ISBN 978-0813331591 .
↑ Plant Intoxicants: A Classic Text on the Use of Mind-Altering Plants . Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. 1995 . pp. 67–. ISBN 978-0-89281-498-5 .
↑ "Über das Theobromin" . Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 41 : 125–27. 1842 .
↑ Essays in Historical Chemistry . The MacMillan Company. 1902
↑ "Umwandlung des Xanthin in Theobromin und Caffein" . Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 15 (1): 453–56. 1882 .
↑ "Über Caffein, Theobromin, Xanthin und Guanin" . Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 215 (3): 253–320. 1882 .
↑ "-ine" . The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition . Houghton Mifflin Company. 2004 . ISBN 978-0-395-71146-0 .
↑ The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug . Novi Eboraci: Routledge. 2002 . ISBN 978-0-415-92723-9 . Nota bene: hic liber false dicit nomen theobroma a nostra lingua deduci.
↑ "Theobromine content in plant sources" . Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, United States Department of Agriculture. 6 Februarii 2019 .
↑ The Cultural History of Plants . Novi Eboraci: Routledge. 2004 . pp. 137, 175, 178–180. ISBN 978-0-415-92746-8 .