Ioannes Iacobus Audubon (natus Jean-Jacques Rabin Les Cayes in Saint-Domingue (deinde Haitia) die 26 Aprilis 1785; mortuus Manhatae die 27 Ianuarii 1851) fuit ornithologus, naturalista, pictor, et scriptor Americanus. Ars et ornithologia eum tam tenebant ut plenum omnium specierum avium Americae Septentrionalis monumentum conficeret.^[1] Studiis omnium avium Americanarum atque adumbrationibus quae aves in earum habitationibus naturalibus subtiliter pingebant late innotuit. Eius magnum opus, The Birds of America ('Aves Americae', 1827–1839), liber laminarum coloratarum, unum ex maximis operibus ornithologicis confectis habetur. Audubon praeterea viginti quinque species invenit. Societas Auduboniana Nationalis ex eo appellatur, eiusque nomen permulta oppida, vicos, vias in omnibus Civitatum Foederatarum regionibus ornat.^[2] Bis in pittaciis cursualibus Civitatum Foederatarum apparet. Multa nomina scientifica ab eo excogitata et primum prolata hodie in usu ab eruditis sunt.^[3]

Cum avibus Audubon puer et iuvenis acrem coniunctionem percipiebat: "Familiaritatem cum eis sentiebam . . . paene insaniam, quae meos gradus per vitam comitaretur."^[4] Pater, Ioannes Audubon, dives sagatus navalis Francicus, eius studium naturae cohortabatur:

Elegantem avium motum, pulchritudinem mollitiemque eorum pennarum monstrabat. Eorum voluptatis ostentationem vel sensus periculi, formas perfectas, vestitumque splendidum mihi indicabat. De eorum discessu et tempestivo reditu loquebatur.^[5]

Audubon in Francia per annos Rerum Novarum et eventuum qui statim sequebantur adolevit. Tibia violinaque ludere, in equo vehi, gladii artem, saltare didicit.^[6]

Lamina 41 in The Birds of America Bonasam umbellum pingit.
Ursus americanus cinnamomum a J. T. Bowen ex Audubon pictus.
Lamina 76 in The Birds of America Colinos virginianos pingit cum Buteo lineatus aggreditur, pictura anno 1825 facta.
Singula ex imagine adiacenti.
Butorides virescens ab Audubon pictus. Brooklyn Museum.
Platalea ajaja ab Audubon picta. Lamina CCCXXI.
Lamina in The Birds of America: Zenaidam macrouram pingit.
Domus Ioannis Iacobi Audubon Henderson in vico Kentukiae.

Hereditas

Carolus Darwin, qui acroasim Audubonianam in Britannia audivit, Audubon ter in On the Origin of Species, identidem in operibus subsequentibus commemoravit.^[7] The Birds of America unum ex maximis artis bibliothecariae exemplis iam putatur. Audubon viginti quinque species novas et duodecim subspecies novas invenit.^[8]

Opera selecta

Audubon, John James. 1897. Audubon and His Journals. Diaria Europaea, 1826–1829; diarium Labrador, 1833; diaria Fluminis Missuriae, 1843/ Ed. Maria Audubon, volumina 1 et 2, liber primum a Charles Scribner's Sons anno 1897 divulgatus. Wikisource.
Audubon, John James. 1996. Selected Journals and Other Writings. Ed. Ben Forkner. Penguin Nature Classics. ISBN 0-14-024126-4.
Audubon, John James. 1999. Writings & Drawings. Ed. Christoph Irmscher. The Library of America. ISBN 978-1-883011-68-0.
Audubon, John James. 2006. The Audubon Reader. Ed. Richard Rhodes. Everyman Library. ISBN 1-4000-4369-7.
Rhodes, Richard, Scott V. Edwards, et Leslie A. Morris, eds. 2008. Audubon: Early Drawings. (Harvard University Press et Houghton Library. ISBN 978-0-674-03102-9.

Nexus interni

''Audubon: A Vision'', poema perlongum Roberti Penn Warren (1969)^[9]
Audubon International, organizatio educationem de circumiectis suadens, anno 1987 constituta
Audubon, oppidum in Pennsilvania
John James Audubon State Park in Henderson Kentukiae
Ectopistes, avis nunc exstincta
Carolus Willson Peale, naturalista
Constantinus Samuel Rafinesque, naturalista
Societas Auduboniana Nationalis, organizatio protectionem naturae suadens, anno 1905 constituta

Notae

↑ Oxford illustrated encyclopedia. Judge, Harry George, Toyne, Anthony.. Oxoniae]: Oxford University Press. 1985-1993. pp. 26. ISBN 0-19-869129-7 .
↑ Home. . Audubon
↑ Avibase advanced search: [Author = "Audubon"]. . Avibase: The World Bird Database .
↑ Anglice: "I felt an intimacy with them . . . bordering on frenzy [that] must accompany my steps through life"(Rhodes 2004: 22.
↑ Anglice "He would point out the elegant movement of the birds, and the beauty and softness of their plumage. He called my attention to their show of pleasure or sense of danger, their perfect forms and splendid attire. He would speak of their departure and return with the seasons" (Ford 1969: 3.
↑ Rhodes 2004: 5.
↑ Rhodes 2004, p. 306
↑ "John James Audubon: Drawn from Nature", American Masters, PBS. Accessum 7 Februarii 2009.
↑ Robert Penn Warren (1 Octobris 1998). The Collected Works of Robert Penn Warren. ISBN 9780807123331 .

Bibliographia

The Popular Science Monthly. 1887. "Sketch of J. J. Audubon." The Popular Science Monthly, 687–92. Editio interretialis apud Archive.org.
Arthur, Stanley Clisby. 1937. Audubon; An Intimate Life of the American Woodsman. Novae Aureliae: Harmanson. OCLC 1162643. Excerpta interretialia.
Audubon, Lucy Green Bakewell. 1870 The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist. Novi Eboraci: G. P. Putnam & Sons. Editio interretialis apud Archive.org.
Burroughs, J. 1902. John James Audubon. Bostoniae: Small, Maynard & Company. OCLC 648935. Editio interretialis apud Archive.org.
Chalmers, John. 2003. Audubon in Edinburgh and his Scottish Associates. Edimburgi: NMS Publishing. ISBN 978-1-901663-79-2.
Ford, Alice. 1969. Audubon By Himself. Garden City Novi Eboraci The Natural History Press.
Fulton, Maurice G. 1917. Southern Life in Southern Literature; selections of representative prose and poetry. Bostoniae, Novi Eboraci: Ginn and Co. OCLC 1496258. Google Books.
Jackson, E Christine. 2013. John James Audubon and English Perspective. Christine E Jackson.
Herrick, Francis Hobart. 1917. Aububon the naturalist: A History of his Life and Time. Novi Eboraci: D. Appleton and Company. Volumen I.Volumen II. Editio composita anni 1938.
Logan, Peter. 2016. Audubon: America's Greatest Naturalist and His Voyage of Discovery to Labrador. Franciscopoli Californiae. ISBN 978-0-9972282-1-2.
Olson, Roberta J. M. 2012. Audubon's Aviary: The Original Watercolors for The Birds of America. Novi Eboraci: Skira/Rizzoli et New-York Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-8478-3483-9/
Punke, Michael. 2007. Last Stand: George Bird Grinnell, the Battle to Save the Buffalo, and the Birth of the New West. Smithsonian Books. ISBN 978-0-06-089782-6.
Rhodes, Richard. 2004. John James Audubon: The Making of an American. Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41412-6.
St. John, Mrs. Horace. 1998. ife of Audubon, the naturalist of the New World, His Adventures and Discoveries. Philadelphiae: J. B.Lippincott & Co. Archive.org.
Small, E., Paul M. Catling, J. Cayouette, et B. Brookes. 2009. Audubon: Beyond Birds: Plant Portraits and Conservation Heritage of John James Audubon. Ottavae: NRC Research Press. ISBN 978-0-660-19894-1.
Souder, William. 2005. Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of The Birds of America. Novi Eboraci: Macmillan. ISBN 0-86547-726-4.
Streshinsky, Shirley. 1993. Audubon: Life and Art in the American Wilderness. Novi Eboraci: Villard Books. ISBN 0-679-40859-2.

Nexus externi

Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Ioannem Iacobus Audubon spectant.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Ioannem Iacobum Audubon spectant.

New York Historical Association.
Opera auctore "John James Audubon" apud gutenberg.org reperta
Opera Ioannis Iacobi Audubon in Toronto Public Library.
De Ioanne Iacobo Audubon. American Art Gallery.
"Audubon's Birds of America at the University of Pittsburgh."
"The John James Audubon Collection." Bibliotheca Houghtoniana apud Universitatem Harvardianam.
Biographia Auduboniana. Societas Auduboniana Nationalis.
"Louise Hauss and David Brent Miller Audubon Collection." Jule Collins Smith Museum of Art apud Universitatem Auburnum.
John James Audubon State Park. Henderson Kentukiae.
De Birds of America. Podcast ex Bibliotheca Beineckiana apud Universitatem Yalensis.
Epistulae Ioanis Iacobi Audubon et familiae Audubon, circa 1783–1845. Archives of American Art Instituti Smithsoniani.
Opera varia Ioannis iacobi Audubon. Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Hydrochromata Birds of America. New-York Historical Society.
Burgwin Family Papers, 1844–1963. AIS.1971.14, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.
John James Audubon Collection. Bibliotheca Congressus.
Identification guide to Audubon print editions.
Blue jay: Corvus cristatus. Cleveland Public Library Art Collection.
Victor Gifford Audubon Collection. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library apud Universitatem Yalensem.

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