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((multiple issues|
((more footnotes needed|date=September 2013))
((more citations needed|date=September 2013))
((over-quotation|date=November 2015))
))

((Umar))
[[Sunni Muslim]]s view [[Umar]] (576-644 AD), the second [[Rashidun Caliph]], in a much more favourable way than [[Shi'a Muslim]]s, who are of the opinion that he, [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Uthman]] usurped leadership over Muslims from [[Ali]], [[Muhammad]]'s son-in-law, and first cousin.<ref>((cite book |first=Edward |last=Gibbon |title=[[The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire]] |chapter-url=http://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/volume2/chap50.htm |chapter=50. Mahomet |year=1788 |quote=In their private converse, in their public worship, they bitterly execrate the three usurpers who intercepted his indefeasible right to the dignity of Imam and Caliph; and the name of Umar expresses in their tongue the perfect accomplishment of wickedness and impiety. The ''Sonnites'', who are supported by the general consent and orthodox tradition of the Mussulmans, entertain a more impartial, or at least a more decent, opinion. They respect the memory of Abu Bakr, Umar, Othman, and Ali the holy and legitimate successors of the prophet. But they assign the last and most humble place to the husband of Fatima, in the persuasion that the order of succession was determined by the decrees of sanctity.))</ref>

==Biography==
Umar was one of the prominent companions [[sahaba]] of [[Muhammad]]. With the conversion of Umar, Islam strengthened and Muslims openly preached [[Islam]]. During the space of ten years, Umar succeeded in building the largest empire in the history. Under his leadership the Muslims emerging from the deserts of [[Arabia]] overthrew the empire of [[Persia]] in the east and shattered the empire of [[Byzantine]] in the west.((citation needed|date=September 2013))

He was the head of the largest State in the world, and yet he lived the life of a common man. Of simple habits, austere and frugal, he was always accessible to the meanest of his subject, and yet he was a cause of terror for the wrong doer. He would wander about at night to enquire into the condition of the people without any guard or escort.((citation needed|date=September 2013))

==Family==
((unreferenced section|date=December 2016))
The exact date of birth of Umar is not known. The consensus, however, is that Umar was born at [[Mecca]] around 580 AD. The house in which Umar was born in Mecca was situated midway between [[Al-Safa and Al-Marwah|Safa and Marwah]]. During the period of his caliphate, Umar had the house dismantled, and the site was turned into a camping ground.((citation needed|date=September 2013)) He was younger than the Islamic ProphetMuhammad by about ten years.((citation needed|date=September 2013)) Muhammad and Umar had Ka'b as their common ancestor in the ninth degree.

Among Umar's ancestors are
*Adi, eponym of Umar's tribe, the [[Banu Adi]]
*Nufayl, Umar's paternal grandfather
*[[Khattab ibn Nufayl]], Umar's father
*Khantamah, Umar's mother
*[[Hisham ibn al-Mughirah]], maternal grandfather of Umar and brother of [[Walid ibn al-Mughira]], who was the father of [[General]] [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]]. Khalid was thus a cousin of Umar's mother.
*[[Abu Jahl]] whose personal name was Amr bin Hisham was a brother of Umar's mother, and his maternal uncle.

Umar had several brothers and sisters. The most well known out of these were: [[Zayd ibn al-Khattab]] and [[Fatimah bint al-Khattab]]. Zayd and Umar were half brothers, their mothers being different. Nevertheless, the two brothers were devoted to each other. When Zayd was later martyred at the [[Battle of Yamama]] during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar was highly grieved. He used to say, "Whenever the wind blows from Yamama, it brings me the fragrance of Zayd".

Fatimah was the real sister of Umar. She was married to her cousin [[Saeed bin Zaid]]. She played an important role in the conversion of Umar to Islam.

Amr, a brother of Khattab was a paternal uncle of Umar. Zaid, son of Amr and cousin of Umar, was among the distinguished persons of the Quraish, who before the advent of Islam gave up [[Idolatry]], and came to believe in the unity of [[God]]. Khattab persecuted Zaid for his religious beliefs. Zaid died before Muhammad announced his prophetic mission. When Muhammad proclaimed his prophethood, [[Saeed bin Zaid|Saeed]] the son of Zaid who had married Umar's sister Fatimah, was among early converts to Islam.

==634–644: Umar's era==

((Main article|Reforms of Umar's era))

((PresentScholar|Suyuti|15th|Sunni)) states that [[An-Nawawi]] said in his Tahdhib:
<blockquote>
Umar was the first to adopt the whip. [[Ibn Sa'd]] mentions it in the Tabaqat, and he said: It used to be said, after him, 'The whip of 'Umar is more terrible than your sword.'

He (an-Nawawi) continued: He was the first to appoint [[Qadi]]s in the provinces, the first who established the provinces of (the cities of) [[Kufa]]h, [[Basrah]], and of [[Mesopotamia]], [[Syria]], [[Cairo]] (Egypt), and [[Mosul]].<ref name="SuyutiNawawi" />
</blockquote>

==Legacy==

===Merits===
Sunnis honor him as the following:
*One of the [[Rashidun]]<ref name="SuyutiNawawi">((Cite web |title=The History of the Khalifahs - Umar ibn al-Khattab |url=http://www.bogvaerker.dk/Bookwright/Umar.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=www.bogvaerker.dk))</ref>
*One of the [[Hadith of the ten promised paradise|Ten Promised Paradise]]<ref name=SuyutiNawawi/>
*one of the in-laws of Muhammad<ref name=SuyutiNawawi/>
*one of the great men of knowledge of the Companions <ref name=SuyutiNawawi/>
*one of their abstinent people.<ref name=SuyutiNawawi/>
*One who opened the [[Door of Ijtehad]], which later helped Muslim jurists in interpretation of [[Quran]] and [[Hadith]].

==References==
((reflist))

((DEFAULTSORT:Sunni view Of Umar))
[[Category:Sunni belief and doctrine]]
[[Category:Umar]]

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