You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 75.101.128.0/17 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:39, 2 October 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:40, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:40, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 75.101.254.2. The blocked range is 75.101.128.0/17. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((location map+ |United States |float=right |width=400|relief=1 |caption=Phosphate Mining Districts|places=
((location map~ |United States |lat=40.22 |long=-109.88 |label=Vernal, UT |position=bottom))
((location map~ |United States |lat=42.76 |long=-111.55 |label=Southeast Idaho |position=left))
((location map~ |United States |lat=45.12 |long=-112.9 |label=Southwest Montana |position=top))
((location map~ |United States |lat=35.62 |long=-87.68 |label=Central Tennessee |position=left))
((location map~ |United States |lat=35.48 |long=-76.84 |label=Beaufort County, NC |position=right))
((location map~ |United States |lat=30.49 |long=-82.95 |label=Florida Hard Rock |position=top))
((location map~ |United States |lat=27.7 |long=-82.08 |label=Central Florida |position=right))
))
In 2015, 27.6 million metric tons of marketable phosphate rock, or [[phosphorite]], was mined in the United States, making the US the world's third-largest producer, after [[China]] and [[Morocco]]. The phosphate mining industry employed 2,200 people. The value of [[phosphate]] rock mined was US$2.2 billion.

As of 2015, there are 10 active phosphate mines in four states: [[Florida]], [[North Carolina]], [[Idaho]], and [[Utah]]. The eastern phosphate deposits are mined from open pits. The western deposits are mined from both surface and underground mines.

The exact phosphate content of the phosphate rock mined in 2015 is not available, but in the latest five-year period for which ore grades are available, 2009-2013, the grade of US phosphate rock varied from 28.5 to 29.0 percent P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.

As of 2016, remaining reserves of phosphate rock in the United States totaled 1.1 billion metric tons.<ref>US Geological Survey, [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/phosphate_rock/ Phosphate Rock], Mineral Commodity Summary, 2016.]</ref>

==Industry structure==
As of 2017, there were 11 active phosphate mines in the US, operated by 5 companies. In addition, one mine in Idaho was in permitting and development status.

'''Phosphate mining operations in the US''' 
{| class="wikitable sortable sortable" 
! style="background:#DDDDFF;" | Company
! style="background:#DDDDFF;" | Name
! style="background:#DDDDFF;" | Location
|-
| align=center | [[Itafos Conda LLC ]]
| align=center | Rasmussen Ridge
| align=center | [[Caribou County, Idaho]]
|-
| align=center | [[JR Simplot]]
| align=center | Vernal
| align=center | [[Vernal, Utah]]
|-
| align=center | JR Simplot
| align=center | Smoky Canyon
| align=center | Caribou County, Idaho
|-
| align=center | [[Monsanto]]
| align=center | South Rasmussen
| align=center | Caribou County, Idaho
|-
| align=center | Monsanto
| align=center | Blackfoot Bridge
| align=center | Caribou County, Idaho
|-
| align=center | [[The Mosaic Company]]
| align=center | DeSoto (permitting)
| align=center | [[DeSoto County, Florida]]
|-
| align=center | The Mosaic Company
| align=center | Wingate Creek
| align=center | [[Manatee County, Florida]]
|-
| align=center | The Mosaic Company
| align=center | Ona
| align=center | [[Ona, Florida]]
|-
| align=center | The Mosaic Company
| align=center | South Pasture
(Currently idled)
| align=center | [[Hardee County, Florida]]
|-
| align=center | The Mosaic Company
| align=center | Four Corners
| align=center | [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough]], [[Manatee County, Florida|Manatee]], and [[Polk County, Florida|Polk]] counties, Florida
|-
| align=center | The Mosaic Company
| align=center | South Fort Meade
| align=center | Hardee and Polk counties, Florida
|-
| align=center | Nutrien Ltd
| align=center | Swift Creek
| align=center | [[Hamilton County, Florida]]
|-
| align=center | [[Nutrien]]
| align=center | [[Aurora mine]]
| align=center | [[Aurora, North Carolina]]
|- 
| align=center | [[Fertoz Ltd.]]
| align=center | Butte Mine
| align=center | Butte, Montana
|- 
| align=center | Itafos (previously Stonegate Agricom)<ref>[https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/stonegate-and-itafos-announce-completion-of-arrangement-635201913.html] Newswire release, July 18, 2017.</ref>
| align=center | Paris Hills (permitting)<ref>[http://www.stonegateagricom.com/s/ParisHills.asp Paris Hills project].Stonegate Agricom website, accessed 1 July 2016.</ref>
| align=center | [[Paris, Idaho]]
|-
|}

===Processing===
Many phosphate processing plants are located at the mines. In addition, some processing plants are located remote from the mines. Some process imported phosphate rock.

==Use==
[[Phosphorus]] is an essential component of [[fertilizer]]. In 2013, about 90 percent of phosphate rock was used in fertilizer manufacture. Other uses included [[animal feed]] and [[detergent]]s.<ref>Stephen M. Jasinski, "Phosphate Rock". US Geological Survey, ''Minerals Yearbook'', 2013.</ref>

==Geography==
The states mining phosphate rock as of early 2016 were, in descending order of tonnage mined: Florida, North Carolina, Idaho, and Utah. In 2016, 65 percent of US phosphate was mined in Florida.

===Central Florida / Bone Valley / Florida Land-Pebble===
The [[Bone Valley]] mining district, also known as the Central Florida district, or the Florida Land-Pebble district, is centered in [[Polk County, Florida]], and extends into [[Hardee County, Florida|Hardee]], [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough]], and [[Manatee County, Florida|Manatee]] counties. As of 2013, phosphate was being extracted from five mines in the district, all operated by Mosaic.<ref>[http://www.mosaicco.com/Who_We_Are/locations_directory_locations_by_facility_type_phosphate_production.htm Phosphate production locations], Mosaic website, accessed 1 July 2016.</ref>

===Florida Hard Rock===
The Florida Hard Rock district mines phosphate from a belt up to ((convert|30|mi)) wide and ((convert|150|mi)) long, extending from Tallahassee on the west to Pasco County on the east. Phosphate deposits occur in [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]], [[Hamilton County, Florida|Hamilton]], and [[Union County, Florida|Union]] counties.

One mine is currently operating in the Hard Rock district: The Swift Creek mine, operated by Nutrien Ltd, in [[Hamilton County, Florida]].

===Beaufort County, North Carolina===
The North Carolina phosphate deposit was discovered in 1955.<ref>[https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/energy-mineral-land-resources/north-carolina-geological-survey/mineral-resources/mineral-resources-faq NC mineral resources - an overview], North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, accessed 1 July 2016.</ref> Phosphate is currently being extracted at the [[Aurora mine]], operated by [[Nutrien|Nutrien Ltd]].

===South Carolina===
The first large-scale phosphate mining in the US were in the vicinity of [[Charleston, South Carolina]], in [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]], [[Colleton County, South Carolina|Colleton]], and [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufort]] counties. Mining started in 1868 and continued until 1938.<ref>Kristin A. Shuler and Ralph Baily Jr., [http://nationalregister.sc.gov/SurveyReports/hyphosphatesindustryLowcountry2SM.pdf "A History of the Phosphate Mining Industry in the Lowlands of South Carolina"], South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office, 2004.</ref>

===Tennessee===
Mining started in the central [[Tennessee]] phosphate district in 1896. Counties where mining took place included [[Giles County, Tennessee|Giles]], [[Hickman County, Tennessee|Hickman]], [[Maury County, Tennessee|Maury]], and [[Williamson County, Tennessee|Williamson]]. The district has been inactive since 1991.<ref>US Geological Survey, [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/EcoNatRes/EcoNatRes-idx?type=turn&entity=EcoNatRes.MinYB1991v1.p1152&id=EcoNatRes.MinYB1991v1&isize=M "Phosphate"], ''Minerals Yearbook'', 1991.</ref> It is regarded as largely exhausted.

===Western region, Phosphoria Formation===
[[File:Phosphate Mine Panorama.jpg|thumb|500px|Phosphate mine near [[Flaming Gorge, Utah]], 2008]]
Parts of the [[Phosphoria Formation]] of the western United States carry economic grades of phosphorus. The Phosphoria has been mined in a wide area stretching north-south from southwest [[Montana]], through western [[Wyoming]] and southeast [[Idaho]], and into northeast [[Utah]].<ref>[http://www.blm.gov/id/st/en/prog/energy___minerals/minerals/phosphate.html "Phosphate mining on public lands in Idaho"], US Bureau of Land Management, accessed 1 July 2016.</ref>

There are currently four active mines in [[Caribou County, Idaho]], and one being permitted in [[Bear Lake County, Idaho]].

Phosphate rock from the JR Simplot mine near [[Vernal, Utah]], is crushed at the mine, then transferred in a [[slurry]] pipeline to the company's processing plant at [[Rock Springs, Wyoming]].<ref>[http://sweetwaternow.com/wyoming-state-geological-survey-says-rock-springs-could-process-wyomings-phosphate-rock-reserves/ "Wyoming Geological Survey: Simplot facility could be the key to Wyoming phosphate"], ''Sweetwater Now'', 25 Nov. 2015.</ref><ref>[http://utahrails.net/industries/phosphate.php "Phosphate"], ''Utah Raile'', accessed 1 July 2016.</ref>

Phosphate rock was formerly mined in [[Beaverhead County, Montana|Beaverhead]], [[Granite County, Montana|Granite]], [[Powell County, Montana|Powell]], and [[Silver Bow County, Montana|Silver Bow]] counties in southwest Montana. The last operating phosphate mine in Montana, at [[Garrison, Montana|Garrison]], shut down in 1993. Phosphate was also formerly mined in [[Lincoln County, Wyoming]].

==Geology==
Although some [[igneous rock]]s have economic grades of phosphate, no igneous phosphate rock is mined in the US. Small amounts of phosphate were mined from igneous [[apatite]] deposits in [[Virginia]], [[New Jersey]], and [[New York (state)|New York]]. But since 1948, all phosphate deposits mined in the US have been [[sedimentary rock|sedimentary]] deposits. However, a small amount of phosphate was produced in the 1970s, as a byproduct of iron mining in [[Missouri]].<ref>Waldemar M. Dressel and James A. Martin, "The mineral industry of Missouri," US Bureau of Mines, ''Minerals Yearbook 1975'', v.2 p.444.</ref>

Most phosphate mining is of sedimentary [[phosphorite]], a phosphorus-rich deposit formed under shallow marine conditions. However, a number of US phosphate deposits occur where the original marine-deposited phosphate minerals have been concentrated by weathering and redeposition, often under nonmarine conditions.

===Bone Valley, Florida===
The largest source of US phosphate is the [[Bone Valley]], or Central Florida mining district, which produces from the [[Pliocene]]-age [[Bone Valley Formation]].<ref name=McKelvey>V. E. McKelvey and others, [https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr53165 "Domestic Phosphate Deposits"], US Geological Survey, Open-File Report 53-165, 1953.</ref>

===Florida Hard Rock===
The Florida Hard Rock district mines phosphate from the [[Alachua Formation]] of Pliocene age. The Alachua Formation is nonmarine and consists of sediments rich in phosphate that was weathered from the Hawthorne Formation of [[Miocene]] age.<ref name=McKelvey/>

===North Carolina===
The North Carolina phosphate deposit occurs in the [[Pungo River Formation]] of [[Miocene]] age.<ref>[https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/energy-mineral-land-resources/north-carolina-geological-survey/mineral-resources/mineral-resources-faq "NC Mineral Resources - An Overview"], North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, accessed 1 July 2016.</ref> The phosphate was deposited under shallow marine conditions.<ref>James A. Miller, [http://digital.ncdcr.gov/cdm/ref/collection/p16062coll9/id/13551 "Stratigraphy, structure and phosphate deposits of the Pungo River formation of North Carolina"], North Carolina Geological Survey, 1982.</ref>

===South Carolina===
The South Carolina river-pebble deposits formed along modern rivers which reworked and concentrated lower-grade phosphate deposits.

===Tennessee===
Three classes of phosphate deposits have been mined in central Tennessee; in order of decreasing importance: brown phosphate rock, blue phosphate rock, and white phosphate rock.<ref>Frank K. Cameron, "Fertilizer Resources of the United States", US Dept. of Agriculture, 1912.</ref>

The most important phosphate deposits were the so-called brown phosphate rock, mined from [[Ordovician]] [[limestone]]s, some parts of which are rich in phosphate. The highest-grade deposits were found where weathering or shallow groundwater had preferentially dissolved away the [[calcium carbonate]]. The last mine in Tennessee, which produced phosphate rock from the Bigby-Cannon formation, closed in 1991.

The blue phosphate rock was found in the [[Devonian]]-age [[Chattanooga Shale]].

Minor phosphate production was mined from white phosphate rock, which formed in [[karst]]ed [[Silurian]] limestones.

===Western US, Phosphoria===
The western deposits, in Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana, are in the [[Phosphoria Formation]] of [[Permian]] age. The phosphate deposits occur in two members of the Phosphoria: the Retort phosphatic shale member in the upper part of the formation, and the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member in the lower part of the formation.

===Northeast Utah Mississippian===
Although not presently mined, phosphate deposits occur in the [[Brazer Dolomite|Brazer limestone]] of [[Mississippian (geology)|Mississippian]] age in Utah.

==History==
((refimprove|date=April 2018))

[[File:US Mined Phosphate Rock 1900-2015.png|thumb|Phosphate rock mined in the United States, 1900-2015 (data from US Geological Survey)]]
Large-scale phosphate mining in the US began in 1868 in coastal South Carolina. Access to river transport and proximity to the port of [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] encouraged exports, and by 1885 South Carolina was producing half the world's phosphate. Phosphate mining in South Carolina declined rapidly in the 1890s, when mining of the higher-grade deposits in central Florida began. The central Florida district has provided the majority of US phosphate ever since.

US production of phosphate rock peaked in 1980 at 54.4 million metric tons. The United States was the world's largest producer of phosphate rock from at least 1900, up until 2006, when US production was exceeded by that of [[China]]. In 2015, the US produced 12 percent of the world's phosphate rock.

==Environmental impacts==
[[File:GypStack.JPG|thumb|right|210px|Large pile of [[phosphogypsum]] waste near [[Fort Meade, Florida]].]] 
For each ton of phosphoric acid produced by the processing of phosphate rock, five tons of waste are generated.  This waste takes the form of impure, useless, radioactive solid called [[phosphogypsum]].  Somewhere between 100,000,000 and 280,000,000 tons of phosphogypsum waste is estimated to be produced annually worldwide.<ref name=Taylor>((cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.007|pmid=19406560|title=Environmental Impact and Management of Phosphogypsum|journal=Journal of Environmental Management|volume=90|issue=8|pages=2377–2386|year=2009|last1=Tayibi|first1= Hanan|last2=Choura|first2=Mohamed|last3=López|first3=Félix A.|last4=Alguacil|first4=Francisco J.|last5=López-Delgado|first5=Aurora|hdl=10261/45241|hdl-access=free))</ref>

These [[Tailings|tailings piles]] and [[Tailings dam|related ponds and dams]] can be sources of toxic chemicals, and are vulnerable to breach. For example, the 2021 [[Piney Point phosphate plant]] dam breach is predicted to have significant negative impacts on [[Tampa Bay]].<ref>((Cite web|date=2021-04-05|title=Florida faces imminent collapse of giant phosphate mine pond|url=https://www.mining.com/florida-faces-imminent-collapse-of-giant-phosphate-mine-pond/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=MINING.COM|language=en-US))</ref>

==Byproducts==

===Fluoride===
Phosphorite typically contains more than 3% [[fluoride]], in the mineral [[fluorapatite]]. Only a small amount is recovered.

In 2015, [[fluorosilicic acid]] equivalent to 114,000 tons of [[fluorite]] (fluorspar) was produced as a byproduct of phosphate rock processing. This material represented nearly all the US production of fluoride, which is subsequently converted to fluorine.  The produced fluorine is used to prepare polymers, pharmaceuticals, etc.

===Uranium===
The phosphorite deposits of Florida and of the western states contain from 0.005 to 0.02 percent [[uranium]]. Phosphorite deposits contain sufficient uranium to be an economic source when the 
[[Uranium market|price of uranium]] is high.

Uranium was extracted at two phosphate plants in the central Florida district from 1952 to 1961, and at seven plants during the period 1976-1998. The average uranium recovery was about ((convert|0.9|lbs)) [[Triuranium octoxide|U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>]] per metric ton of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.<ref>Sharon Squassoni and others, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gMQ0AwAAQBAJ&dq=uranium+phosphate+recovery&pg=PA16 Governing Uranium in the United States], Center for Strategic and International Studies, Lanham, UK, Mar. 2014.</ref> However, uranium recovery is feasible only from the process that produces double superphosphate;((why|date=April 2022)) most phosphate is processed into normal [[superphosphate]], a process not amenable to uranium recovery.<ref>[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf60004a615?journalCode=jafcau "Production of Uranium as by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry making steady progress"], ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'', May 1953, v.1 n.4 p.292.</ref>

Although no uranium has been recovered from US phosphate plants since 1998, the Central Florida phosphate deposits remain North America's largest uranium resource, containing an estimated one million tons of uranium.<ref>Warren I. Finch (1996) [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2141/b2141.pdf ''Uranium provinces of North America-their definition, distribution, and models''], US Geological Survey, Bulletin 2141.</ref>

===Vanadium===
Some parts of the [[Phosphoria Formation]], which is mined for phosphate in the western US, contain potentially economic concentrations of [[vanadium]]. In 2008, Rocky Mountain Resources announced that they had defined 6.7 million tons of ore containing 0.88 percent V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, at its Paris Hills prospect. The vanadium occurred in an ((convert|11|ft|m|adj=mid|-thick)) bed in the [[Meade Peak Formation|Meade Peak shale member]] of the Phosphoria, immediately below a ((convert|15|ft|adj=on)) bed of ore-grade phosphate rock.<ref>Rocky Mountain Resources Corp., "Rocky Mountain announces phosphate and vanadium project at Paris, Idaho," 3 Sept. 2008.</ref> The property has since been sold to Stonegate Agricom, and as of mid-2016 was still in permitting and development status.<ref>[http://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/71232/rocky-mountain-to-sell-paris-hills-phosphatevanadium-property-in-idaho-2671.html "Rocky Mountain to sell Paris Hills phosphate/vanadium property in Idaho"], ''Proactive Investors'', 12 Oct. 2009.</ref>

As of 2015, no vanadium was being recovered from US phosphate operations.<ref>[http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/vanadium/mcs-2016-vanad.pdf "Vanadium"], US Geological Survey, ''Mineral Commodity Summary'', 2016.</ref>

==International trade==
[[File:US Net Imports Phosphate Rock 1900-2015.png|thumb|Annual net imports (positive) and net exports (negative) into the United States of phosphate rock, 1900-2015 (data from US Geological Survey)]]
The US was a long-time exporter of phosphate rock, and from the 1960s into the 1990s a major exporter. The US became a net importer of phosphate rock for the first time in 1996. Since then the US has been a net importer each year. In 2015, the US imported about 12 percent of the phosphate it used.

==See also==
*[[Peak phosphorus]]

==Citations==
<references/>
((north America topic|Phosphate mining in))
((Americas topic|Phosphate mining in))

[[Category:Phosphate mines in the United States]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Phosphate mining in the United States (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Americas topic (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Location map+ (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Location map~ (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Longitem (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:North America topic (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refimprove (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Why (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/data/USA (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/data/United States (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:Location map/multi (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Phosphate mining in the United States.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate_mining_in_the_United_States"