Emmelina monodactyla (Pterophorinae: Pterophorini)

Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta
Ordo : Lepidoptera
Superfamilia : Pterophoroidea
Familia : Pterophoridae
Zeller, 1841

Palaeontologia

Chattian–Present

praeЄ

Subdivisiones: Subfamiliae

*Agdistinae

Deuterocopinae
Ochyroticinae
Pterophorinae

Species typica

Pterophorus pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758

Pterophoridae sunt familia lepidopterorum quibus sunt alae inusitate mutatae. Pertinent ad Apoditrysia, sicut maiores papiliones, sed eorum dissimiles minusculae sunt et olim inter "microlepidoptera" digerebantur. Familia a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1758 erecta est. Typus familiae est Pterophorus pentadactyla.

Descriptio et oecologia

Anteriores Pterophoridarum alae plerumque in duobus asseribus curvatis consistunt, cum laxis saetis post. Quae collocatio collocationis Alucitidarum similis leviter sunt, sed Alucitidis sunt plures plumae symmetricae. Alae posteriores similes videntur, sed eis sunt tres asseres. Alae in paucis generibus usitatiorum lepidopterorum alarum similes sunt.

Pterophoridae magni momenti oeconomici sunt Platyptilia carduidactyla, pestis Cynarae cardunculae in California, cum Platyptilia pica^[1] et Stenoptilodes antirrhina plantas ornamentales Pelargonium x hortorum et Antirrhinum majus proprie laedere possint. Aliae Pterophoridae actores continentiae biologicae adhibentur ad species plantarum invasivarum: Lantanophaga pusillidactyla contra Lantganam camaram, Oidaematophorus beneficus contra Ageratinam ripariam, Hellinsia balanotes contra Baccharem halimifoliam,^[2] et Wheeleria spilodactylus contra Marrubium vulgare.^[3]

Evolutio

Fossilia ex Merrifieldia genere ex Oligocaeno Franciae exstantia agnoscuntur.^[4]^[5]

Taxinomia

Parvus lepidopterorum grex in genere Agdistopis saepe subfamilia Macropiratinarum intra Pterophoridas esse putatur, sed investigationes recentes indicant hunc gregem esse familiam separatam.

Pterophoridae inter subfamilias, tribus, et genera sic infra digeruntur,^[6] cum aliquot speciebus.

Subfamilia Agdistinae

Genus Agdistis Hübner, 1825
- Agdistis bouyeri
- Agdistis linnaei

Subfamilia Ochyroticinae

Genus Ochyrotica
- Ochyrotica bjoernstadti

Subfamilia Deuterocopinae Gielis, 1993

Genus Deuterocopus
Genus Heptaloba
Genus Hexadactilia
Genus Leptodeuterocopus

Subfamilia Pterophorinae Zeller, 1841

Tribus Tetraschalini
- Genus Tetraschalis
- Genus Titanoptilus
- Genus Walsinghamiella
Tribus Platyptiliini
- Genus Amblyptilia Hübner, 1825
  - Amblyptilia acanthadactyla
- Genus Anstenoptilia
- Genus Asiaephorus
- Genus Bigotilia
- Genus Bipunctiphorus
- Genus Buszkoiana
- Genus Cnaemidophorus Wallengren, 1862
  - Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla
- Genus Crocydoscelus
- Genus Fletcherella
- Genus Gillmeria Tutt, 1905
  - Gillmeria ochrodactyla
- Genus Inferuncus
- Genus Koremaguia
- Genus Lantanophaga Zimmermann, 1958
  - Lantanophaga pusillidactyla
- Genus Leesi
- Genus Lioptilodes
- Genus Melanoptilia
- Genus Michaelophorus
- Genus Nippoptilia
- Genus Paraamblyptilia
- Genus Paraplatyptilia
- Genus Platyptilia Hübner, 1825

- - Platyptilia aarviki
  - Platyptilia carduidactyla
  - Platyptilia celidotus
  - Platyptilia eberti
  - Platyptilia falcatalis
  - Platyptilia gonodactyla
  - Platyptilia nussi
- Genus Platyptiliodes
- Genus Postplatyptilia
- Genus Quadriptilia
- Genus Sinpunctiptilia
  - Sinpunctiptilia emissalis
- Genus Sochchora
- Genus Sphenarches
- Genus Stenoptilia Hübner, 1825
  - Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla
  - Stenoptilia kiitulo
  - Stenoptilia pterodactyla
  - Stenoptilia zophodactylus
- Genus Stenoptilodes Zimmermann, 1958
  - Stenoptilodes antirrhina
- Genus Stockophorus
- Genus Uroloba
- Genus Vietteilus
- Genus Xyroptila
Tribus Exelastini
- Genus Arcoptilia
- Genus Exelastis
  - Exelastis caroli
- Genus Fuscoptilia
- Genus Marasmarcha
- Genus Parafuscoptilia
Tribus Oxyptilini
- Genus Apoxyptilus Alipanah et al., 2010
- Genus Buckleria Tutt, 1905
  - Buckleria vanderwolfi
- Genus Capperia
- Genus Crombrugghia

- Genus Dejongia
- Genus Eucapperia
  - Eucapperia continentalis
- Genus Geina
- Genus Intercapperia
- Genus Megalorhipida Amsel, 1935
  - Megalorrhipida leucodactyla
- Genus Oxyptilus
- Genus Paracapperia
- Genus Prichotilus Rose and Pooni, 2003
- Genus Procapperia
- Genus Pseudoxyptilus Alipanah et al., 2010
- Genus Stangeia Tutt, 1905
  - Stangeia xerodes

- Genus Stenodacma
- Genus Tomotilus
- Genus Trichoptilus
Tribus Oidaematophorini
- Genus Adaina
- Genus Crassuncus
- Genus Emmelina Tutt, 1905
  - Emmelina monodactyla
- Genus Gypsochares
- Genus Hellinsia Tutt, 1905
  - Hellinsia balanotes
  - Hellinsia emmelinoida
- Genus Helpaphorus
- Genus Karachia
- Genus Oidaematophorus Wallengren, 1862
  - Oidaematophorus beneficus
- Genus Picardia
- Genus Pselnophorus Wallengren, 1881
  - Pselnophorus meruensis
- Genus Puerphorus
- Genus Setosipennula
Tribus Pterophorini
- Genus Calyciphora
- Genus Cosmoclostis
  - Cosmoclostis aglaodesma
  - Cosmoclostis hemiadelpha
  - Cosmoclostis pesseuta
- Genus Diacrotricha
- Genus Imbophorus
  - Imbophorus aptalis
  - Imbophorus leucophasmus
  - Imbophorus pallidus
- Genus Merrifieldia
- Genus Oirata
- Genus Patagonophorus
- Genus Porrittia
- Genus Pterophorus
  - Pterophorus pentadactyla
- Genus Septuaginta
- Genus Singularia
- Genus Tabulaephorus
- Genus Wheeleria Tutt, 1905
  - Wheeleria spilodactylus

Notae

↑ MDA (1980)
↑ Palmer et Haseler 1992.
↑ Baker 2002.
↑ L. Bigot, A. Nel, et J. Nel. 1986, "Description de la première espèce fossile connue de Ptérophore (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae)," Alexanor 14: 283–88.
↑ Sohn, Jae-Cheon; Labandeira, Conrad; Davis, Donald; Mitter, Charles (2012-04-30). "An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world". Zootaxa 3286 (1): 1 .
↑ Gielis, Cees (2000-05-31). "Division of the Pterophoridae into Tribes (Lepidoptera)". Quadrifina 3: 57–60

Bibliographia

Baker, J. 2002. "Factors affecting the establishment of a classical biological control agent, the horehound plume moth (Wheeleria spilodactylus) in South Australia." Dissertatio Ph.D., Department of Applied and Molecular Ecology, Adelaide University, Australia. PDF.
Michigan Department of Agriculture. 1980. "Geranium Plume Moth Quarantine." PDF.
Palmer, W. A., et W. H. Haseler. 1992. "Foodplant Specificity and Biology of Oidaematophorus balanotes (Pterophoridae): A North American Moth Introduced into Australia for the Control of Baccharis halimifolia." Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 46 (3): 195–202). PDF.^{[nexus deficit]}

Descriptio et oecologia

Evolutio

Taxinomia

Notae

Bibliographia

Nexus externi