Right to Protest

The right to protest is a definite[?] human right arising out of a number of recognized human rights. While no human rights instrument or national constitution grants the absolute right to protest, such a right to protest may be a manifestation of the right to freedom of assembly, the right to freedom of association, and the right to freedom of speech.[1] Additionally, this manifestation has precedent lasting as long as governments have [meaning unclear].[2]

Many international treaties contain clear enunciations [sp?] of these rights [so it is important to be aware of them and stay up to date - this might be too much opinion for wikipedia]. Such agreements include the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, especially Articles 9 to 11; and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, especially Articles 18 to 22. [Can you explain these briefly?] However, in these and other agreements the rights of freedom of assembly, freedom of association, and freedom of speech are subject to certain limitations. For example, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights contains prohibitions on "propaganda of war" and advocacy of "national, racial or religious hatred"; and it allows the restriction of the freedom to assembly if it is necessary "in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order, the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others." (Articles 20 and 21.) [SOURCE?] It is important for people (protestors) [may be again straying into opinion; rephrase] to note different places have passed their own clarification of these rights.

Protesting, however, is not necessarily violent or a threat to the interests of national security or public safety. Nor is it necessarily civil disobedience, because most protest does not involve violating the laws of the state. Also, since it is an expression of a universal right, choosing to lawfully protest is not a violation of state laws. Protests, even campaigns of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance, can often have the character (in addition to using nonviolent methods) of positively supporting a democratic and constitutional order. This can happen, for example, when such resistance arises in response to a military coup d'état;[3] or in the somewhat similar case of a refusal of the state leadership to surrender office following defeat in an election. During points of widespread tension or controversy within a society, it is important for government institutions to recognize this right. A democracy's ability to preserve its citizen's right to protest is a result of that democracy's "political health."[2] (Can't figure out a way to cite Jo more directly but will work on it - how come the Jo Cooper source is not listed? what does that source say? -Dr. M.)

  1. ^ "The Historic Right to Peaceful Protest". YourRights.org.uk (Liberty). 19 September 2006. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008.
  2. ^ a b Cooper, Jo (2005). Addis, Megan; Morrow, Penelope (eds.). "The Right to Peaceful Protest" in Your Rights: The Liberty Guide to Human Rights (8 ed.). Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745322766.
  3. ^ Adam Roberts, "Civil Resistance to Military Coups", Journal of Peace Research, Oslo, vol. 12, no. 1, 1975, pp. 19-36.

*Because maintaining this right means that nation is 'politically healthy' (in my own words while citing Jo page 612) x

*Add to the first paragraph or completely new sentence/paragraph that protesting has existed for a very long time (as long as government has existed)=bold way to start the article off/add to the article xx

*Add to the second paragraph that it is important to know your rights (a Know your rights page doesn't exist other than a page on the song) x or at least the legislation (articles) these laws come from

*Add a link or preface where to find these laws (synthesize in my own words from page )

*Additional section could be: "Where to find these laws"

*Different laws for different places x

*But is still an expression of our universal rights x

*Add to paragraph 2 what else the police or government can do to retaliate, the restriction part, (comes from Cooper's Chapter pg 161)

*Maybe add a section or paragraph other than paragraph 2 that outline what police can restrict page 171-172

*Add a wikipedia link to the Protest page to this page because it provides definitions to terms related to protest x

*Additional tips for protesting (Still debating/in the works)

Cooper, Jo. "The Right of Peaceful Protest." In Your Rights: The Liberty Guide to Human Rights, edited by Addis Megan and Morrow Penelope, 160-90. LONDON; ANN ARBOR, MI: Pluto Press, 2005. doi:10.2307/j.ctt183q56g.13.

The chapter is broken into sections "The historic right to peaceful protest," "Where to find the law," "Marches," etc. Begins by noting that public protest has existed in our "political culture" for a very long time. Many examples of protest=change. Governments have always been restrictive of protest. Government is in charge of safety and security=ppl rely on/expect the government to oversee safety and security and these factors can change the outcome of a protest. 9/11 aftermath=precedent for police responding to protest very brazenly. Cooper claims in times where protest is the route people choose to take respond to issues they have, government should be obliging in allowing citizens to protest and voice their concerns=healthy dynamic of a nation. Where to find the law=> I could add background info on the Public Order Act 1986 and 1994 and the Crime and Disorder Act 1998

--> outline restrictions and police power=> like the Police and Criminal Activity Act of 1984 says police can detain and arrest protestors== Tip I can add=stay up to date, because govt. policies will evolve if they see protest evolve=>proof the time these acts were passed were during times of protest and counterculture+find more proof. Include the history of marches Cooper outlines in this chapter.

Easy access link to best source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctt183q56g.13.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Afe441071cc03caeccef136694b58c5bf

https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf

Second Draft

Right to Protest

The right to protest is a human right arising out of a number of recognized human rights. While no human rights instrument or national constitution grants the absolute right to protest, such a right to protest may be a manifestation of the right to freedom of assembly, the right to freedom of association, and the right to freedom of speech.[1]Additionally, protest and restrictions on protest have lasted as long as governments have.[2]

Many international treaties contain clear articulations of the right to protest and it is crucial for individuals who are interested in protesting to stay up to date and aware. Such agreements include the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, especially Articles 9 to 11; and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, especially Articles 18 to 22. Articles 9 enunciates the "right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion."[3] Article 10 enunciates the "right to freedom of expression."[3] Article 11 enunciates the "right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests."[3] However, in these and other agreements the rights of freedom of assembly, freedom of association, and freedom of speech are subject to certain limitations. For example, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights contains prohibitions on "propaganda of war" and advocacy of "national, racial or religious hatred"; and it allows the restriction of the freedom to assembly if it is necessary "in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order, the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others." (Articles 20 and 21)[3] It is important for people interested in protest to note that different places have passed their own clarification of these rights.

Protesting, however, is not necessarily violent or a threat to the interests of national security or public safety. Nor is it necessarily civil disobedience, because most protest does not involve violating the laws of the state. Also, since it is an expression of a universal right, choosing to lawfully protest is not a violation of state laws. Protests, even campaigns of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance, can often have the character (in addition to using nonviolent methods) of positively supporting a democratic and constitutional order. This can happen, for example, when such resistance arises in response to a military coup d'état;[4] or in the somewhat similar case of a refusal of the state leadership to surrender office following defeat in an election. During points of widespread tension or controversy within a society, it is important for government institutions to recognize this right. A democracy's ability to preserve its citizen's right to protest is a result of that democracy's "political health."[2]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

<nowiki>Peer Edit:Niaeugene1 (talk) 02:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)niaeugene1

Your contribution outline to the article is very clear and relevant to the article

Be sure to make your citations using the cite source on wikipedia that makes its own automatic hyperlink to the source on your final. I like how you chose to add a know your rights page as it is relevant to both the class and article. I would suggest making headings too to further help organize and make the flow of reading easier on the reader. You bring up good points in your article draft and i do not see many grammar errors but don’t forget to cite like this><ref name=":1"Niaeugene1 (talk) 02:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)

Past Assignments The topic I am choosing to research and write about is the Right to protest. This article came directly from Wikipedia's Human Rights category. I was hoping to add a procedural aspect to the article that outlines what rights protestors have. The article is fairly short and I plan to do research to determine if it is missing important points.

This topic is relevant because in our fight to ensure every human beings' rights are being maintained and respected, we are going to need to organize and protest. Protest comes in many forms and there are so many injustices in the world that our right to organize should be common knowledge and very accessible. Hyperlinks to articles about direct action, demonstration, etc are included in the "Right to protest" article and have provided me with some essential background information. I am still looking for more fitting sources but the sources I have found provide me with a wide array of information pertaining to the logistics of protesting.

"The Right to Protest, the Human Rights Act and the Margin of Appreciation" by professor Helen Fenwick and associates

Fenwick, Helen. "The Right to Protest, the Human Rights Act and the Margin of Appreciation." The Modern Law Review 62, no. 4 (1999): 491-514. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/1097107</nowiki>.

Primary source about the right to peaceful assembly from the US.gov

Winston, Andrew M. "Right to Peaceful Assembly: United States." Library of Congress Information. October 01, 2014. Accessed September 27, 2018. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/peaceful-assembly/us.php.

"In Your Rights: The Liberty Guide to Human Rights"

Cooper, Jo. "The Right of Peaceful Protest." In Your Rights: The Liberty Guide to Human Rights, edited by Addis Megan and Morrow Penelope, 160-90. LONDON; ANN ARBOR, MI: Pluto Press, 2005. doi:10.2307/j.ctt183q56g.13.

"Protesting While Black? The Differential Policing of American Activism, 1960 to 1990"

Davenport, Christian, Sarah A. Soule, and David A. Armstrong. "Protesting While Black? The Differential Policing of American Activism, 1960 to 1990." American Sociological Review 76, no. 1 (2011): 152-78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25782184.

1966 (Historical) academic article on the right to protest provides perspective: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3628&context=ilj

Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, and Harrop A. Freeman. 1966. Civil disobedience.

Evaluating Article: Code Lyoko

The introductory section of the page is very informative for something so brief Includes the show's origins, creators, plot, animation styles, premieres, air dates, etc. Titles throughout the article prove to be very helpful, even if the article isn't that long The "Plot" section of the article is a good synopsis of the show; probably echoes the backstory told in the first episode Paragraph=season, which might prove to be a good or bad thing but means the author of the article was concise=Wikipedia article=quick digital encyclopedia not uber detailed, one-stop shops for information Links to voice actors, related articles, etc.=great use of the linking feature Wikipedia has More photos could be added because the article is about an animation, as long as they're not copyright infringements If the sources exist, perspectives=interviews/quotes/etc. from the creators, actors, animators, fans, etc. would add to the article Category section at the bottom of the article is helpful

<nowiki>Peer Edit:Niaeugene1 (talk) 02:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)niaeugene1

Your contribution outline to the article is very clear and relevant to the article

Be sure to make your citations using the cite source on wikipedia that makes its own automatic hyperlink to the source on your final. I like how you chose to add a know your rights page as it is relevant to both the class and article. I would suggest making headings too to further help organize and make the flow of reading easier on the reader. You bring up good points in your article draft and i do not see many grammar errors but don’t forget to cite like this><ref name=":1"Niaeugene1 (talk) 02:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)

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