Article Evaluation

Cognitive Advantages of Multilingualism

• The article is relevant to the topic but it focuses mainly on bilingualism where I believe it would have been intriguing to include more about the advantages of fluency in even more than two languages (if there is an added benefit in being fluent in more than two, is there a cap or learning plateau, is there a certain point where people confuse themselves and hinder their learning, etc.).
• The information is fairly up to date, the figures are still quite relevant but when skimming through the sources listed at the bottom of the article, I noticed that the most recent sources used were from 2015 which is considerably outdated yet I am unsure if there has been any recent major breakthroughs in the area of focus that would allow for an expansion or update of the information.
• Another improvement would be to consider reordering the article, the titles seemed a bit rigid and out of place and the paragraphs were dense. Possibly by breaking up the sections into smaller paragraphs, the ideas wouldn't feel as muddled together and the article would read with a bit more fluidity.
• The article is neutral, it didn't seem to take any side, not that multilingualism is a particularly controversial topic.
• The article does seem a bit more focused on the perspective of advantages rather than taking a look into the challenges as well.
• Of the links I checked in the citations of the sources, they all worked and the sources supported the claims made.
• For the most part, each fact is linked to its appropriate source, most of which are from PubMed and scholarly journals making them quite credible, they seemed to be neutral and unbiased as well. There are a few claims though that are sort of blind assertions.
• As far as I know, I am unaware of conversation happening behind the scenes on this topic. I do know that as more research is coming out, more and more people are becoming aware of how beneficial multilingualism is not even necessarily in terms of cognitive abilities but rather in terms of skills needed to get a job.
• The article is rated of high importance but according to comments in the Talk page, many people seem to have issues with the article and offer suggestions on how to improve the verbiage and refine the content. It is part of the WikiProject Linguistics.
• The way Wikipedia discusses the topic as opposed to class is that it is much more harsh on the feedback side and the article is less stagnant but is fluid and under constant fine-tuning.
• What is the science behind the impressive cognitive abilities of a polyglot?
• Is it possible to gain the same advantages if you learn an additional language to your native tongue language later on in life? Does it make a difference in the benefits whether you learned the language as a child versus an adult?

Emmymorri98 (talk) 07:05, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

Article Selection

Somatostatin

(listed as "S" implying it is a start but not yet a good article)

• Implicit description of the hormone's pathway
• Does not integrate content of figures into the text, need further explanation
• Includes 18 sources
• I could look further into the existing resources that are already cited and pull out more from them as well as finding new articles to utilize

Atrial natriuretic peptide

(listed as "S" implying it is a start but not yet a good article)

• Decent article, headings are well organized
• needs more detail underneath several headings
• 36 sources mentioned
• I could review articles titled with the synonyms of the hormone and see if they have more information and provide links to those articles within this one

Cute Aggression

(listed as unrated)

• needs a lot of work, extremely short article
• only two headings
• only 5 sources mentioned
• multiple sources that are untapped yet readily available
• no figures are used

Emmymorri98 (talk) 14:13, 5 February 2019 (UTC)

Bibliography

Dimorphous Expressions of Positive Emotion: Displays of Both Care and Aggression in Response to Cute Stimuli^[1]

"It's so Cute I Could Crush It!": Understanding Neural Mechanisms of Cute Aggression^[2]

The Chemistry of Cute Aggression^[3]

Article Draft

Hormones involved

• Dopamine - released when engaging with an object that you perceive as cute, also released during aggression (neuronal reward system)
• Oxytocin - neuronal hormone and neurotransmitter that controls empathy and forms bonds with others
• Serotonin - regulates mood, social behaviors, and digestion
• Endorphins - involved in pain tolerance, associated with fight or flight stress response
• Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) - stimulates the production of ACTH
• Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) - production of cortisol
• Cortisol - controls blood sugar levels, regulates metabolism
• Adrenaline - neurotransmitter involved in stress response, controls heart rate and sweat secretion amounts
• Noradrenaline - comparable function to adrenaline, stress response hormone

(http://www.chemistryislife.com/the-chemistry-of-cute-agression)

Emotion Regulation

When presented with a “cute” stimulus, our natural response is often positive which is linked to activity within the hippocampus located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. Dopamine, oxytocin , serotonin, and oxytocin are all released during a pleasurable situation and are thus involved in neurological reward pathways. CTH, ACTH, Cortisol, Adrenaline, and Noradrenaline are all involved in the aggressive side of the response. When exposed to a stimulus, the emotions you experience activate the amygdala in the brain, eventually activating the hypothalamus which will, in turn, release CTH which travels via the infundibulum in order to bind to receptors allowing for the release of ACTH into the bloodstream which will bind to receptors in the adrenal glands which will release cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline as a stress response. This reward pathway pairs with the stress response because the body strives to achieve homeostatic levels of emotion in addition to other physiological balances. In order to prevent becoming overly consumed by an emotion, our body will release hormones that impose the opposite effect in order to allow us to keep our emotions under control so that we don’t get hung up on every adorable baby or playful puppy we encounter throughout our lives. (http://www.chemistryislife.com/the-chemistry-of-cute-agression)

Intense positive feelings often produce hybrid categorically positive and typical negative expressions. This is commonly witnessed in situations in which a person is so overwhelmed by happiness that they begin to tear up or even cry. Such regulation of emotion has been coined “dimorphous expression.” The dimorphous expression model seeks to identify the validity of the phenomenon via a study involving a series of questions asked to subjects in condtions where they were not exposed to a cute stimulus and in conditions where they were exposed. (https://clarkrelationshiplab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Psychological%20Science-2015-Arag%C3%B3n-259-73.pdf)  

Natural Tendencies

Human beings possess the natural tendency of care-taking. As a species, humans rely heavily upon parental care in order for their offspring to survive. Humans have very low reproductive rates relative to other species which amplifies the importance of parental care toward the survival of their very few offspring. These feelings tend to be on a continuous scale rather than a particular threshold value. The gradient is most intense with objects that we perceive to be more cute in comparison to objects that are not as cute, but still generate a response, it’s just that the response is lesser than the other.

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6288201/)

Kennedy, P. (2019, March 15). Why You Want to Eat This Baby Up: It's Science. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/15/opinion/sunday/science-cuteness-babies.html

Aragón, O. R., Clark, M. S., Dyer, R. L., & Bargh, J. A. (2015). Dimorphous Expressions of Positive Emotion: Displays of Both Care and Aggression in Response to Cute Stimuli. Psychological Science,26(3), 259-273. doi:10.1177/0956797614561044

Stavropoulos, K. K., Alba, L., & Bolourian, Y. (2018). "Its So Cute I Could Crush It!": Understanding the Neural Mechanisms of Cute Aggression. PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e510782018-001

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