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((Short description|Spanish nobleman))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((Infobox noble
| name = James FitzJames Stuart
| title = [[Duke of Berwick]]
| image = Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Burke.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]]
| spouse = Catalina Ventura de Portugal-Columbus, 9th Duquesa de Veragua y de La Vega
| issue = Jacopo Stuart-FitzJames-Stuart y Colon de Portugal<br />[[James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick]]<br />Pedro Stuart-FitzJames-Stuart y Colon de Portugal, Marques de San Leonardo<br />Catalina Stuart-FitzJames-Stuart y Colon de Portugal <br /> Ventura Stuart-FitzJames-Stuart y Colon de Portugal<br /> Maria Guadalupe Stuart-FitzJames-Stuart y Colon de Portugal
| noble family = [[House of FitzJames|FitzJames]]
| father = [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]]
| mother = [[Honora de Burgh]]
| birth_date = 21 October 1696
| birth_place = [[Saint Germain en Laye]], [[France]]
| death_date = ((death-date and age|2 June 1738|21 October 1696))
| death_place = [[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Naples]]
))
'''James Francis (Jacobo Francisco) Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xérica''' ([[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[France]], 21 October 1696 &ndash; [[Naples]], [[Italy]], 2 June 1738) was a [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] and Spanish [[nobleman]].

He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at [[Philippsburg]], during the [[War of the Polish Succession]]. He was also Consort [[Duke of Veragua]] and of la Vega and a Consort-Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716. His full title was 2nd [[Duke of Berwick]], 2nd [[Earl of Tinmouth]], 2nd [[Baron Bosworth]], 2nd [[Duke of Liria and Jérica|Duke of Liria and Xerica]], [[Grandee of Spain]] 1st class (from 1716), Knight of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] (from 29 September 1714), as well as the holder of several earldoms.

==Family==

His father was [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]], an illegitimate son of King [[James II of England]] by [[Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)|Arabella Churchill]], sister of the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|1st Duke of Marlborough]].

His mother was Lady [[Honora Burke]] (1675–1698), second daughter of [[William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde|William Burke]], (d. 1687), the seventh [[Earl of Clanricarde]] and widow of the Irish Jacobite nobleman [[Patrick Sarsfield]], 1st [[Earl of Lucan]]. Sarsfield and Berwick were both veterans of James II's [[Irish Army (Kingdom of Ireland)|Irish Army]] and went into [[Continental Europe|continental]] exile as part of the [[Flight of the Wild Geese]].

Unfortunately, his mother died young at [[Pezenas]], in the [[Languedoc]], [[South of France]], on the 16 January 1698, when he was less than 18 months old. His father later remarried and so the 2nd Duke of Berwick had 12 younger half brothers and half sisters, the eldest half brother being the origin of the line of French [[Dukes of Fitzjames]] (a title extinguished in 1967).
[[File:Hyacinthe Rigaud - James Stuart Fitzjames, 1st Duke of Berwick.jpg|thumb|upright|James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]]]]

==Marriage and descent==
((more citations needed section|date=April 2016))
On 31 December 1716, the 2nd Duke of Berwick became the second husband of the dowager Catalina Ventura Colón de Portugal y Ayala-Toledo, 9th [[Duchess of Veragua]] (14 July 1690 – 3 October 1739). Catalina Ventura was the  daughter of [[Pedro Manuel Colon de Portugal]] y de la Cueva, (25 December 1651 - 9 September 1710). This made the 2nd Duke of Berwick also duke-consort of Veragua and of la Vega.

They had 6 children, of whom 4 survived to adulthood:<ref>[http://www.thepeerage.com/p8574.htm#i85735 The peerage]</ref>
* [[James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick]] (28 December 1718 - 30 September 1785), who on 26 July 1738 married Maria Teresa De Silva y Haro. 
* [[Pedro Fitz-James Stuart|Pedro de Alcántara]], (1720–1791), [[Captain general of the Spanish Navy]], married María Benita de Rozas y Drummond, no issue.
* Ventura (1724 - ????), married María Josefa Gagigal y Monserrat, had 1 son. 
* Maria Guadalupe (1725–1750), married to [[Francesco Maria Pico]], [[Duke of Mirandola]], but no issue.

==Career==
The Anglo-Franco-Spanish James Fitz-James Stuart was employed by [[Elizabeth of Parma]] to achieve her military purposes, being involved in the battles on land and sea from 1717 to 1719 to regain Naples from its Austrian rulers and Sicily from the Duchy of Savoy, thus creating the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]. He fought as colonel of the Irish Regiments of Spain and Lieutenant General of the Spanish Royal Armies, being promoted to Field Marshal in February 1724.

He then served as Spanish ambassador to Russia under Emperor [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]] (December 1726 to 1730), taking with him [[Ricardo Wall]] (1694–1777), later a minister in the Spanish government. During his time in Russia he was made a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Andrew (28 March 1728), a Knight of the Russian Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky and a [[Knight of the Garter]] (by [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Stuart]] on 3 April 1727). From 1730 to 1733 Stuart was ambassador in Vienna, then from 1733 to his death in 1738 ambassador to the "recovered" Kingdom of Naples (taking Wall with him again on both missions).

==Ancestry==
James Fitz-James Stuart was a grandson of [[James II of England|King James II of England]] by his illegitimate son [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]] whom he fathered with his mistress [[Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)|Arabella Churchill]].

((ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick'''
|2= 2. [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]]
|3= 3. Honora Burke
|4= 4. [[James II of England]]
|5= 5. [[Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)|Arabella Churchill]]
|6= 6. William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde
|7= 7. Ellen McCarthy
|8= 8. [[Charles I of England]]
|9= 9. [[Henrietta Maria of France]]
|10= 10. [[Winston Churchill (1620–1688)|Winston Churchill]]
|11= 11. Elizabeth Drake
|12= 12. Sir William Burke
|13= 13. Joan O'Shaughnessy
|14= 14. Donough McCarthy, 1st Earl of Clancarty
|15= 15. Eleanor Butler
|16= 16. [[James I of England]]
|17= 17. [[Anne of Denmark]]
|18= 18. [[Henry IV of France]]
|19= 19. [[Marie de' Medici]]
|20= 20. John Churchill
|21= 21. Sarah Winston
|22= 22. John Drake
|23= 23. Eleanor Boteler
|24= 24. Ulick de Burke, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde
|25= 25. Honora Burke
|26= 26. [[Dermot O'Shaughnessy]]
|27= 27. Shyly Ni Hubert
|28= 28. Cormac Oge McCarthy, 1st Viscount Muskerry
|29= 29. Margaret O'Brien
|30= 30. Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles
|31= 31. Elizabeth Poyntz
))

==References==
((Reflist))
*((in lang|es)) A. Paz y Meliá. ''Conquista de Nápoles y Sicilia y relación de Moscovia, por el Duque de Berwick. Precede una noticia de la vida y escritos del autor por A. Paz y Meliá''. 468 pages, Madrid (1890). Imprenta y Fundición de M.Tello. Impresor de Cámara de S. M.
*((in lang|es)) Duque  de Liria y Jérica, ''Diario de Viaje a Moscovia'', edit. by  Á.L. Encinas, I. Arranz, M. Rodríguez, ((ISBN|978-84-7813-324-6)), Ed. Miraguano, April 2008.
*((in lang|es)) http://indigo.ie/~wildgees/honora3.htm
*((in lang|es)) http://www.tcd.ie/CISS/mmspain.php
*Research Group on Irish and Spanish Military Migration to Spain by Professor Ciaran Brady, Dr. Declan Downey and Dr.  Oscar Morales e-mail at TCD (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland). February 2008.

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Berwick, James Stuart, 2nd Duke Of))
[[Category:1696 births]]
[[Category:1738 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Spain to Russia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Spain to Austria]]
[[Category:Dukes of Berwick|Berwick, JacoboFitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of]]
[[Category:Dukes of Spain]]
[[Category:French people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Grandees of Spain]]
[[Category:House of Stuart|James]]
[[Category:Illegitimate branches of the House of Stuart]]
[[Category:Jacobites]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Regiment of Hibernia]]
[[Category:Spanish generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]

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