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((Short description|Former Italian military rank))
((refimprove|date=April 2022))
((Infobox military rank
| name           = First Marshal of the Empire
| native_name    = ((lang|it|Primo Maresciallo dell'Impero))
| image          = 
| image_size     = 
| alt            =
| caption        = 
| image2         = Rank insignia of primo maresciallo dell'impero of the Italian Army (1940).png
| image_size2    = 100px
| alt2           =
| caption2       = Sleeve insignia
| image3         = 
| image_size3    = 
| alt3           =
| caption3       = 
| country        = ((flagu|Kingdom of Italy))
| service branch = 
| abbreviation   = 
| rank group     =
| rank           = 
| NATO rank      = 
| Non-NATO rank  = 
| pay grade      = 
| formation      = 2 April 1938
| abolished      = 2 June 1946
| higher rank    = 
| lower rank     = [[Marshal of Italy]]
| equivalents    = 
| history        = 
))
[[File:Messe Mussolini.jpg|thumb|Mussolini (right) in 1941; his "First Marshal of the Empire" insignia is visible at the end of his sleeve.]]
'''First Marshal of the Empire''' (((lang-it|Primo Maresciallo dell'Impero))) was a [[military rank]] established by the [[Italian Parliament]] on March 30, 1938.  The [[Generalissimo|highest rank]] in the [[Kingdom of Italy#Military structure|Italian military]], it was only granted to [[King of Italy|King]] [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]] and ''[[Duce]]'' [[Benito Mussolini]].
==Creation==
Mussolini's decision to create for himself and the King a new military rank created a crisis between himself and Victor Emmanuel III.  For the first time in the history of the [[House of Savoy]], the [[Prime Minister of Italy]] bore a rank equal with that of the head of the royal house. This gave Mussolini a mortgage on the high command of the Italian military, a power of the King under the provisions of the [[Albertine Statute]]. The King considered [[veto]]ing the law that created such rank and requested to be advised by Professor [[Santi Romano]], President of the [[Council of State (Italy)|Council of State]], who analyzed the law and found it to comply with the Statute; Victor Emmanuel vehemently protested against Romano's opinion, calling him "a pusillanimous opportunist whose job is to find arguments to justify the most absurd theses",<ref>((Cite book |last=Felice |first=Renzo De |author-link=Renzo De Felice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jX_OzwEACAAJ |title=Mussolini il duce: Lo Stato totalitario 1936-1940 |date=1996 |publisher=Einaudi |page=33 |language=it))</ref> but eventually signed the law and had it promulgated on the ''[[Gazzetta Ufficiale]]''.<ref>((Cite web |last=Avv. Andrea Saccone ha detto |date=2010-08-22 |title=Il Consiglio di Stato alle prese con la spinosa questione del "primo maresciallato dell'Impero" |url=http://blog.lexitalia.it/?p=164 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=LexItalia.it weblog |language=it-IT))</ref>
==Suppression==
The title became obsolete with the [[Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy|fall of the Fascist regime]] in 1943 and was implicitely abrogated by the subsequent [[1946 Italian institutional referendum|abolition of the monarchy]] in 1946 and the entry into force of the [[Constitution of Italy|Italian Constitution]] in 1948.

The law establishing it was formally abolished on 22 December 2008 by the [[Berlusconi IV Cabinet|Fourth Berlusconi Cabinet]].<ref>((Cite web |title=LEGGE 18 febbraio 2009, n. 9 - Normattiva |url=https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2009-02-18;9 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=www.normattiva.it))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Marshal (Italy)]]
*[[Marshal of Italy]]
*[[List of commanders of the Blackshirts#Commandants−General|Comandante Generale]] of Italian [[Blackshirts]]

==Sources ==
*Montanelli, Cervi Storia d'Italia 1935/1943

==References==
((reflist))

((Marshals of Italy))
((Highest Military Ranks))

[[Category:1938 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Military ranks of Italy]]
[[Category:Field marshals of Italy|*]]
[[Category:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]]
[[Category:Benito Mussolini]]

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