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((Use New Zealand English|date=February 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2020))
[[File:Honey processing 20220220 160604.jpg|thumb|Using a [[honey extractor]] to process [[honeycomb]] from [[Urban beekeeping|urban hives]] in [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]]]

[[Beekeeping]] in [[New Zealand]] is reported to have commenced in 1839 with the importing of two skep hives by [[Mary Bumby]], a missionary.<ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT19230821.2.3?query=“Introduced+bees”&sort_by=byDA&items_per_page=10&snippet=true Otago Daily Times, 21 August 1923, p.2]</ref> It has since become an established industry as well a hobby activity.

== History ==

European honeybees were brought to New Zealand in 1839.<ref>((cite web |last1=Gillingham |first1=Allan |title=Beekeeping |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/beekeeping |website=Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |publisher=New Zealand Government |access-date=15 April 2021))</ref> The Māori called them “the white man’s fly.”<ref>((cite book |last1=Hopkins |first1=Isaac |title=The illustrated Australasian bee manual and complete guide to modern bee culture in the southern hemisphere |date=1886 |location=Auckland, New Zealand |page=9 |edition=Third))</ref> Commercial beekeeping began in 1878 soon after the introduction of the [[Langstroth hive]].

Isaac Hopkins (1837–1925) has been called the “father of beekeeping” in New Zealand.<ref>((cite journal |title=Obituary Mr I. Hopkins |journal=Waikato Times |date=21 July 1925 |page=5))</ref> He arrived in 1858 and went on to become a successful beekeeper, government apiarist and inspector of apiaries. He is the author of ''The illustrated New Zealand bee manual'' (1881) and ''The illustrated Australasian bee manual'' (1886). In his will he bequeathed £3000 to the [[Cawthron Institute]] in [[Nelson, New Zealand]], for bee research.<ref>((cite journal |title=£3000 for research |journal=Press |date=22 July 1925 |page=4))</ref>

There are 28 species of native bees in New Zealand. They pollinate plants but do not produce enough honey for commercial harvesting.

== Industry ==
New Zealand had 6,735 registered beekeepers in June 2016, who owned more than 600,000 hives in over 42,000 apiaries.<ref>2016 Apiculture Monitoring Programme</ref> In 2015/16 total honey production was 19.8 thousand tonnes. The production of [[mānuka honey]], valued for its antibacterial properties, is increasingly important. Pollen, beeswax, and [[propolis]] are also produced and exported. Beekeepers provide pollination services to horticulturists, which used to generate more income than the products of bee culture. However, rising honey prices have pushed pollination fees to keep up.
Approximately 42 thousand live queen bees, and 38 tonnes of packaged bees (which include approximately one kilogram of worker bees to support the queen) are exported live each year.<ref>Farm Monitoring Report NZ- Apiculture Report 2014</ref>

The National Beekeepers' Association of New Zealand established "National Bee Week".<ref>[http://nba.org.nz/news-events/events/national-bee-week National Bee Week] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514175641/http://nba.org.nz/news-events/events/national-bee-week |date=14 May 2011 )) – National Beekeepers' Association of New Zealand</ref>

The [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]] are calling for a phase out of pesticides that are toxic to bees as is happening in the [[European Union]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.greens.org.nz/node/21053 |title=Stop poisoning Bees |access-date=8 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510020450/http://www.greens.org.nz/node/21053 |archive-date=10 May 2009 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

[[Honey]] containing the poisonous [[Tutin (toxin)|tutin]] can be produced by [[honey bee|bees]] feeding on [[honeydew (secretion)|honeydew]] produced by sap-sucking vine hopper insects (genus ''[[Scolypopa]]'') feeding on [[tutu (plant)|tutu]], a plant native to New Zealand.<ref>[http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/animalproducts/publications/info-pamphlet/bee-products/toxic-honey.htm Background on toxic honey], New Zealand Food Safety Authority</ref> The last recorded deaths from eating honey containing tutin were in the 1890s.<ref>Johnston, Martin. [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/topic/story.cfm?c_id=206&objectid=10500105 Specialists expected tutin honey outbreak], ''The New Zealand Herald''. 26 March 2008.</ref>

In May 2011 there were fears the [[colony collapse disorder]] had begun in New Zealand. Losses of up to 30% had been reported with Canterbury and Poverty Bay being hardest hit.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/4973857/Fears-bee-colony-collapse-has-arrived|title=Fears bee colony collapse has arrived|last=Chug|first=Kuran|date=7 May 2011|work=[[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|Dominion Post]]|accessdate=7 May 2011))</ref>
This suspicion was not confirmed, but high losses with an aetiology matching CCD could be observed in parts of the North Island in 2015,<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/agribusiness/70690694/bee-deaths-raise-fears-of-colony-collapse|title = Bee deaths raise fears of colony collapse|date = 2 August 2015))</ref> reigniting these fears.

There were 925,000 registered hives in New Zealand by 2019.<ref>“Beekeeping,”:''Encyclopaedia of New Zealand'', online, p.1, accessed 15 April 2021</ref>

== Pest and diseases ==
((See also|Diseases of the honey bee))
Pests include ''[[Nosema apis]]'', ''Malpighamoeba mellifica'' and acarine mites. American foulbrood is present in a small percentage of hives with Sac brood and Chalk brood occurring in isolated cases.<ref>((cite journal|last=Palmer-Jones |first=T |year=1964 |title=Diseases of honey bees in New Zealand |journal=The New Zealand Entomologist |publisher=New Zealand Entomological Society, Inc |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=41–44 |doi=10.1080/00779962.1964.9722833 |url=http://www.ento.org.nz/nzentomologist/free_issues/NZEnto03_3_1964/Volume%203-3-41-44.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043730/http://www.ento.org.nz/nzentomologist/free_issues/NZEnto03_3_1964/Volume%203-3-41-44.pdf |archivedate=21 July 2011  ))</ref>

=== American foulbrood ===
[[American foulbrood]] has been present in New Zealand since 1877.<ref>((cite web|url=http://afb.org.nz/history|title=History|publisher=American foulbrood Pest Management Strategy|accessdate=5 February 2011))</ref>

=== European foulbrood ===
European foulbrood is not present in New Zealand.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/european-foulbrood-disease|title=European foulbrood disease|date=22 October 2008|publisher=MAF Biosecurity New Zealand|accessdate=4 February 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101229083037/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/european-foulbrood-disease| archivedate= 29 December 2010 | url-status= live))</ref> In the 1990s suspected cases of European foulbrood were found and a wider survey of hives was carried out but the samples proved to be negative.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/animals/european-foulbrood/european-foulbrood-status.htm|title=European foulbrood disease: Status of New Zealand's honey bees|date=7 August 2008|publisher=MAF Biosecurity New Zealand|accessdate=4 February 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101230075313/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/animals/european-foulbrood/european-foulbrood-status.htm| archivedate= 30 December 2010 | url-status= live))</ref>

=== ''Varroa'' mite ===
The ''[[Varroa destructor]]'' mite, a parasite that attacks [[honey bee]]s, was discovered in the [[North Island]] of New Zealand in 2000 and the [[South Island]] in 2008.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/animals/varroa |title=Varroa Mite ((!)) MAF Biosecurity New Zealand |access-date=17 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704180353/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/animals/varroa |archive-date=4 July 2008 |url-status=dead ))</ref> The ''Varroa'' mite is classed as a "Notifiable Organism" under the [[Biosecurity Act 1993|Biosecurity Act]].<ref>[http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/registers/uor Biosecurity New Zealand – Unwanted Organisms Register]</ref>

== Legislation ==
Former or current legislation relevant to beekeeping in New Zealand include:<ref>((Cite book| publisher = Exisle Publishing| isbn = 978-1-877568-52-7| last = Matheson| first = Andrew|author2=Murray Reid| title = Practical Beekeeping in New Zealand| date = 5 August 2011))</ref>
*Apiaries Act 1908<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.enzs.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1908/1908C007.pdf|title=Apiaries|year=1908|publisher=New Zealand government|accessdate=26 January 2012))</ref>
*Apiaries Act 1969 (repealed)
*[[Resource Management Act 1991]]
*[[Biosecurity Act 1993]]
*[[Local Government Act 2002]]

There is also legislation relating to the bee products themselves.
==Noted beekeepers==
*[[Josip Babich]]
*[[William Cotton (missionary)|William Cotton]]
*[[Marianne Gittos]]
*[[Edmund Hillary]]
*Isaac Hopkins
*[[Bill Jordan (politician)|William Jordan]]

== See also ==
*[[Agriculture in New Zealand]]
*[[Biosecurity in New Zealand]]
*[[Mānuka honey]], a honey often marketed for its health benefits
*[[Beekeeping]]

== References ==
((Reflist|2))

== Further reading ==
*((cite book|last=Walsh|first=R. S.|title=Nectar and Pollen Sources of New Zealand|url=http://www.nba.org.nz/node/649|date=February 1978|publisher=National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand (Inc)|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819014019/http://www.nba.org.nz/node/649|archive-date=19 August 2010|url-status=dead))
*((cite book|last1=Goodwin |first1=Mark|last2=Van Eaton|first2=Cliff|title=Control of Varroa: A Guide for New Zealand Beekeepers|url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/pests/varroa/control-of-varroa-guide.pdf|year=2001|publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry|isbn=0-478-07958-3))
*((cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Mark|title=Elimination of American foulbrood without the use of drugs: A Practical Manual for Beekeepers |publisher=National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand Inc))
== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101229072232/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/varroa Biosecurity New Zealand] – ''Varroa'' mite page
*[http://afb.org.nz/ American Foulbrood Pest Management Strategy]
*[http://legislation.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/reprint/text/1969/an/053.html Apiaries Act 1969] (repealed)
*[http://kiwimana.co.nz/beekeeping-clubs-new-zealand/ Beekeeping Clubs in New Zealand – A Map for kiwi Beekeepers]

=== Organisations ===
*[https://apinz.org.nz/ Apiculture New Zealand]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052731/http://www.nzbees.net/forum/ New Zealand Beekeepers Forum]
*[http://www.aucklandbeekeepersclub.org.nz/ Auckland Hobbyist Beekeepers Club]
*[http://www.chchbeekeepers.org.nz/ Christchurch Hobbyist Beekeepers Club]
*[http://www.beehive.org.nz/ Wellington Beekeepers Association]

((BeeColonyMemberTypes))

[[Category:Beekeeping by country|New Zealand]]
[[Category:Agriculture in New Zealand]]

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