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((Use dmy dates|date=November 2019))
((Infobox World's Fair
| box_width       = 
| class           = 
| category        = 10<!--magic number-->
| image           = Jubilee Exhibition Building 1885.jpg
| image_width     = 
| caption         = 
| year            = 1887
| name            = Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition
| motto           = 
| building        = [[Jubilee Exhibition Building]]
| area            = 18 acres
| invent          = 
| visitors        = 766,880
| organized       =
| mascot          =
| cnt             = 26
| org             = 
| biz             = 
| country         = Australia
| city            = [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]]
| venue           = North Terrace
| coord           = ((coord|34.920544|S|138.606188|E|format=dms|display=inline,title))
| cand            = 
| award           = 
| open            = 21 June 1887 
| close           = 7 January 1888
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))
The '''Adelaide International Jubilee Exhibition of 1887''' was a celebration of the [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria|50th anniversary]] of [[Queen Victoria]]'s accession to the throne on 20 June 1837,<ref>Her coronation was held on 28 June 1838</ref> held in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] in 1887. It was also a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the [[Proclamation Day (South Australia)|Proclamation of South Australia]] which occurred around six months earlier, on 28 December 1886.

[[File:Plan of land on North Terrace, Adelaide, including Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition grounds and railway.jpg|thumb|Plan of the Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition grounds and adjacent areas, about 1905]]

==Proposal==
The idea of South Australia hosting an international exhibition as a patriotic gesture was promoted in the early 1880s, culminating in a Bill which was passed by Parliament in 1883. Subsequent opposition to the scheme on the grounds of the expense involved saw the Bill being repealed in 1884, and Sir [[Edwin T. Smith]] pushed for a less grandiose celebration, which resulted in the Act of 1885, and the voting of £32,000 for a permanent [[Jubilee Exhibition Building|Exhibition Building]], as well as an adjacent temporary building. The cost of running the Exhibition, expected to be met by entrance fees, was underwritten by a handful of wealthy guarantors,<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46092695 |title=History of this Exhibition |newspaper=[[South Australian Register]] |volume=LII |issue=12,668 |location=South Australia |date=21 June 1887 |access-date=7 June 2016 |page=9 (Jubilee Supplement to the South Australia Register.) |via=National Library of Australia))</ref> including pastoralist [[Clement Sabine]]. A [[Jubilee Exhibition Railway|railway line]] was constructed from the [[Adelaide railway station]] to the Exhibition Building.

[[J. F. Conigrave]] was Secretary, [[William Alfred Robinson (Australian politician)|William Alfred Robinson]] was on the committee; [[Robert Dalrymple Ross]] was a promoter. [[H. C. E. Muecke]] was Executive Commissioner for Germany; C. L. Meyer (1849–1916) for Austria-Hungary. Sir Herbert Sandford R.A. (1826–1892) visited as British Commissioner,<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204470753 |title=The Late Sir H. B. Sandford |newspaper=[[Evening Journal (Adelaide)]] |volume=XXIV |issue=6662 |location=South Australia |date=3 February 1892 |access-date=7 June 2016 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref> enlisting [[J. C. Wharton]] as secretary. [[John Neild]] was the popular and hard-working commissioner for New South Wales.<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59097339 |title=A Popular Personality |newspaper=[[The Register (Adelaide)]] |volume=LXXVI |issue=20,070 |location=South Australia |date=10 March 1911 |access-date=16 June 2016 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref>

A London Committee was formed under Chairman the [[William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester|Duke of Manchester]], while secretary [[George Levey]] contributed largely to the Melbourne, London, Philadelphia, New York and Paris press, and wrote various important official reports.

==Opening and closing ceremonies==
The formal opening ceremony took place on 21 June 1887 and began, after a prayer by [[Bishop Kennion]] and a performance of the ''Exhibition Cantata'' (George Herbert Cossins / Edward R. G. W. Andrews), with an address by Sir Edwin Smith, the Vice-President of the South Australian Commission, presenting to the President, the [[Governor of South Australia|Governor]] [[William C. F. Robinson|Sir William Robinson]] with a golden [[key (lock)|master key]] to the Building, all the locks having been donated by [[Chubb & Co]]. This part of the formalities over, the orchestra and chorus under Professor [[Joshua Ives]] struck up [[The Song of Australia]].<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46098345 |title=The Formal Ceremonies |newspaper=[[South Australian Register]] |volume=LII |issue=12,669 |location=South Australia |date=22 June 1887 |access-date=29 May 2016 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref>

At the closing ceremony on 7 January 1888, the ''Jubilee Cantata'' (or ''Victoria Cantata'') was performed. Written (words and music) by [[Carl Puttmann]], it opened with variations on the ''[[Song of Australia]]'' and concluded with a [[fugue]] on ''God Save the Queen''. Total attendance at the Exhibition was announced as 766,880, of which cash admissions were 378,558; season ticketholders 372,818; schools 12,034; and free 3,470.<ref>((cite news |title= Adelaide Jubilee Exhibition: the closing ceremony |newspaper=[[The South Australian Advertiser]] |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/36424602 |volume= XXX |issue=9118 |location=(Original, Adelaide. Digital reproduction, Canberra|publisher=National Library of Australia – [[Trove]] digital newspaper archive) |date= 9 January 1888 |page=6 |access-date=9 April 2020))</ref>

==Awards==
Thirty-four juries, each with between 4 and 12 jurors,<ref group="note">The total number of jurors was 192, of whom 100 were from South Australia; the remainder were from New South Wales and Victoria.</ref> made 3,426 awards:<ref name=general>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92869080 |title=General News. |newspaper=[[South Australian Weekly Chronicle]] |volume=XXX |issue=1,528 |location=South Australia |date=3 December 1887 |access-date=8 June 2016 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref>

{| class="wikitable floatleft mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border= "1" style= "width:35%; font-size: 86%; float:left; margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; margin-bottom:2em"
! colspan="5"|((larger|'''Awards by countries and Australian states'''))
|-
!  ||1st||2nd||3rd||Tot
|-
|Austria-Hungary ||45 ||32 ||17 ||94
|-
|Belgium ||71 ||39 ||46 ||156
|-
|British North Borneo ||1 ||  ||  ||1
|-
|Denmark ||1 ||  ||  ||1
|-
|France ||10 ||7 ||2 ||19
|-
|Germany ||71 ||32 ||11 ||114
|-
|Holland ||1 ||1 ||  ||2
|-
|Italy  ||2 ||1 ||  ||3
|-
|New South Wales ||189 ||130 ||75 ||394
|-
|Victoria ||268 ||151 ||89 ||508
|-
|South Australia ||457 ||316 ||225 ||998
|-
|Seychelles Islands ||4 ||  ||  ||4
|-
|Sweden ||3 ||1 ||  ||4
|-
|Switzerland ||1 ||  ||  ||1
|-
|United States of America ||56 ||21 ||10 ||87
|-
|United Kingdom of<br/>Great Britain and Ireland ||663 ||227 ||98 ||988
|-
|Algiers ||1 ||  ||  ||1
|-
|Canada ||3 ||7 ||  ||10
|-
|Fiji ||4 ||1 ||  ||5
|-
|India ||2 ||1 ||  ||3
|-
|Johore ||2 ||2 ||  ||4
|-
|Manila ||1 ||  ||  ||1
|-
|New Zealand ||6 ||4 ||  ||10
|-
|Tasmania ||11 ||2 ||  ||13
|-
!TOTAL ||1,875 ||975 ||576 ||3,426
|}
((clear))

==Entertainments==
Dozens of concerts were given during the course of the Exhibition, including the following:
*[[W. R. Pybus]] gave an organ recital on 9 September, and a military display was held on the same day.
*An organ recital was given by W. R. Knox on the afternoon of Saturday 17 September, and a "grand popular concert" was organised by Bessie Royal for the evening, Mr Pybus serving as accompanist.<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37180041 |title=The Adelaide Jubilee Exhibition |newspaper=[[The South Australian Advertiser]] |volume=XXX |issue=9023 |location=South Australia |date=19 September 1887 |access-date=17 June 2016 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref> and another concert was held on 20 September
*The Model Band gave a performance on the afternoon of 24 September, and [[T. H. Jones (organist)|T. H. Jones]] gave an organ recital in the evening.<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37180426 |title=The Adelaide Jubilee Exhibition |newspaper=[[The South Australian Advertiser]] |volume=XXX |issue=9029 |location=South Australia |date=26 September 1887 |access-date=17 June 2016 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref>
*Coward's Premier Band gave a concert on 29 September.
*A Grand International Band Competition was held on 1 October.<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37180193 |title=THE Adelaide Jubilee Exhibition |newspaper=[[The South Australian Advertiser]] |volume=XXX |issue=9026 |location=South Australia |date=22 September 1887 |access-date=17 June 2016 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref>
*W. R. Pybus gave another organ recital on 28 October, and the Militia Band performed on 29 October.
*A concert was given on 19 November, with singers H. G. Nash and Bessie Royal, accompanied by W. R. Pybus. 
*On 24 November a "Grand instrumental concert with vocal intermezzo" was given by Professor Ives, [[Hermann Reimann]] and Miss Hawkins, vocalist.

==Agricultural show ==
The [[Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of South Australia|Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society]] ran their Spring Show concurrently with the Jubilee Exhibition from 14 to 17 September, but at the "Old Exhibition Grounds" on the other side of Frome Road. The Show had been extended from two to four days on account of the great interest shown, particularly in the display of sheep, which was of a very high standard.<ref>((cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article160767794 |title=The Show and the Farmers |newspaper=[[Adelaide Observer]] |volume=XLIV |issue=2398 |location=South Australia |date=17 September 1887 |access-date=17 June 2016 |page=24 |via=National Library of Australia))</ref>

===Prizes===
((no sources|section|date=February 2023)) 
A wide range of awards included:
*photographer: [[Friedrich C. Krichauff]]
*painter: [[John Reinhard Weguelin]]
*red wine: [[Thomas Hardy (winemaker)|Thomas Hardy]] (after Paul de Castella of Yarra Flats was disqualified on technical grounds)
*billiard tables: B. Hulbert of Sydney, Alcock & Co. of Melbourne and P. Gay of Adelaide
*tinned jam: the Wirrilda Jam factory, [[Stirling, South Australia|Stirling East]]
*various classes of heating and cooking stoves: Thos. Fletcher & Co., S. Flavel, and G. W. Grove, all of [[Leamington Spa|Leamington]]; McDowell, Steven & Co., and Smith & Wellstood, both of Scotland; and Fischer Heating and Cooking Apparatus Company of [[Cincinnati]]
*musical instruments: the [[Besson (music company)|Besson]] Company of Great Britain for brass instruments; [[Estey Organ]] Company of [[Vermont]] for reed organs; and Fincham & Hobday of Adelaide for a pipe organ.

==Legacy==
Costs of running the Exhibition, not counting capital works, were more than covered by gate takings and other receipts, a tribute to the Committee's organisation, but also to the patriotic fervour of the times.

[[John Neild]] began to encounter difficulties in his political career towards the end of the 1880s; criticism of his oversight of the establishment of the Exhibition led to investigation by a Legislative Assembly select committee, but he was exonerated.

The area north of the Exhibition Railway Station was cleared and formed into a sports oval, bordered by a banked cycle racing track, and christened the [[Jubilee Oval (Adelaide)|Jubilee Oval]]. It was used, in conjunction with the [[Jubilee Exhibition Building]], for [[Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of South Australia|Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society]] [[Royal Adelaide Show|Autumn Show]] in 1895, and all Shows until the Spring Show at the [[Adelaide Showground|Wayville showgrounds]] in September 1925.

==Notes==
((Reflist|group=note))

==References==
((Reflist))

((List of world exhibitions))
((List of world's fairs in Australia))
((Jubilees of British monarchs))
((Queen Victoria))
((Authority control))

[[Category:1887 festivals]]
[[Category:1887 in Australia]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria]]
[[Category:World's fairs in Australia]]
[[Category:History of South Australia]]

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