Bu maqolada manbalar teglariga olinmagan yoki umuman koʻrsatilmagan. Iltimos, qoida va koʻrsatmalarga muvofiq maqolani vikilashtiring.
Xazar xoqonligi — Gʻarbiyturk xoqonligi parchalanishi natijasida (qarang Turk xokonligi) 7-asr oʻrtalarida Quyi Volgaboʻyi va Shimoliy Kavkazningsharkiy qismida vujudga kelgan ilk oʻrta asrdavlati. Xazar xoqonligini turkiyAshina xonadoni sulolasi boshqargan. 8-asr boshiga qadar xoqonlik poytaxtiDogʻistondagi Samandar sh., soʻngra Quyi Volgadagi Itil sh. boʻlgan. 7-asrning 2-yarmida xazarlar Buyuk Bulgʻoriya davlati tarkibiga kiradigan Azovboʻyibulgʻorlarining bir qismini tobe etganlar (qolgan qismi magʻlubiyatdan soʻng Oʻrta Volgaga, qolgani Dnepr ortiga, Dunay tomonga ketgan), shuningdek, Dogʻistonning dengiz boʻyidagi Gunnsavirlarpodsholigini boʻysundirganlar. Kavkaz Albaniyasi Xazar xoqonligiga oʻlpon toʻlagan. VizantiyaZakavkazyeda oʻrnashib olgan Arab xalifaligiga qarshi Xazar xoqonligi bilan ittifoq tuzgan. 8-asr boshiga kelib xazarlar Shimoliy Kavkaz, Azovboʻyi, Qrimning (Vizantiyadan tortib olingan) katta qismi, shuningdek, Sharqiy YevropaningDneprgacha choʻzilgan hududiga egalik qilganlar. Ayni vaqtda ular Zakavkazyeni qoʻlga kiritish uchun arablar bilan kurash olib borganlar. 795-yil Kaspiy yoʻlagi va Daryoli orqali arablar Xazar xoqonligi hududiga bostirib kirishgan va xoqon (qagʻan) qoʻshinini tormor keltirishgan. Xoqon va uning mulozimlari islom dinini qabul qilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati uni qabul qilmagani uchun ular ham dindan qaytganlar. 8-asrning 1-yarmida (taxminan 731-yil) Shimoliy Dogʻistondagi xazarlarning bir qismi iudaizm (yahudiylik)ni qabul qilgan (Shim. Dogʻistonga sosoniylar Eroni, keyinchalik Vizantiya tomonidan quvgʻin qilingan yahudiylar, jumladan, knyaz Bulan degan shaxs kelib joylashgandi). 8-asr oxiri — 9-asr boshida Bulanning avlodlaridan biri — Obadiya Xazar xoqonligi taxtiga oʻtirgan va iudaizmni davlat dini deb eʼlon qilgan. Biroq bu boshqa xazar aslzodalarining noroziligiga sabab boʻlib, mamlakatda qoʻzgʻolon boshlangan. Qoʻzgʻolonchilar Volga ortidan madʼyarlarni, Obadiya esa koʻchmanchigʻuzlarni yordamga chaqirgan. Qoʻzgʻolon bostirilgan, madʼyarlar Dnepr ortiga chekinganlar, ular bilan birga tirik qolgan isyonchilar (kabarlar) ham ketgan. Qrimdagi gotlar va boshqa xalqlar Xazar xoqonligidagi notinch vaziyatdan foydalanib Vizantiya homiyligiga oʻtishgan. Shu yillarda Don boʻyida Sarkel qalʼasi qurilgan, u Gʻarbdan Itilga keladigan savdo yoʻlini muhofaza etishga moʻljallangan. 9-asr oxirida Shim.Qora dengiz boʻyiga bijanaklar (pecheneglar) bosib kirib Xazar xoqonligiga qaram boʻlgan madʼyarlarni Dunayboʻyiga haydab yuborishgan (895). Xazar xoqonligining asosiy raqibi Qad. Rus davlati boʻlgan. 9-asrdan rus drujinalari Kaspiy dengiziga qadar kelib, xazarlar uchun oʻta muhim boʻlgan KaspiyVolga savdo yoʻliga fob boʻlishgan. 913/914 va 943/944 yillarda rus qoʻshinlari Xazariya hududidan oʻtib Kaspiy boʻyini gorat qilganlar. 964/965-yil rus knyazi Svyatoslav Igorevich Volgaga yurish qilib, Xazar xoqonligini tormor keltirgan. Itil va Samandar vayron etilgan. Sarkel sh. bosib olingan. 10-asrning 2-yarmida xazarlar islomni qabul qilish va tobe boʻlish evaziga Xorazm yordamida vaziyatni tiklamoqchi boʻlganlar. Biroq ichki nizolar, koʻchmanchi xalqlar (bijanaklar, gʻuzlar)ning bosqinlari, 964/965 yildagi magʻlubiyat va boshqa natijasida 10-asr oxiriga kelib Xazar xoqonligi barham topgan.
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