Like all organisms, plants have cells. Plant cells have a nucleus with chromosomes and DNA, and they have mitochondria. Those are common to all eukaryotic cells. But in some ways they are different from animal cells and the cells of other eukaryotes.
There are special cell-to-cell communication pathways known as plasmodesmata.[1] These are pores in the cell wall through which the cell content of adjacent cells (including endoplasmic reticulum) are continuous.[2]
They have a large central vacuole, a water-filled volume enclosed by a membrane.[5][6] The vacuole keeps the cell's turgor (stiffness), controls movement of molecules between the cytosol and sap, stores useful material and digests waste proteins and organelles.
Cell division by construction of a 'cell plate' late in cytokinesis is characteristic of land plants and a few groups of algae.[7][8]
↑Oparka K.J. 1993. Signalling via plasmodesmata - the neglected pathway. Seminars in Cell Biology4, 131–138.
↑Hepler P.K. 1982. Endoplasmic reticulum in the formation of the cell plate and plasmodesmata. Protoplasma111, 121–133.
↑L. Cui et al 2006. ChloroplastDB: the chloroplast genome database. Nucleic Acids Research, 34, D692-696.
↑L. Margulis 1970. Origin of eukaryotic cells. Yale University Press, New Haven.
↑Raven J.A. 1997. The vacuole: a cost-benefit analysis. Advances in Botanical Research25, 59–86.
↑Leigh R.A.& Sanders D. 1997. The plant vacuole. In Advances in Botanical Research25: Academic Press. ISBN0-12-441870-8
↑Lewis L.A. & McCourt R.M. 2004. Green algae and the origin of land plants. American Journal of Botany91, 1535–1556.
↑López-Bautista J.M; Waters D.A. and Chapman R.L. 2003. Phragmoplastin, green algae and the evolution of cytokinesis. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology53, 1715–1718.
↑Silflow C.D. and Lefebvre P.A. 2001 Assembly and motility of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Lessons from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiology127, 1500–1507.
↑Manton I. and Clarke B. 1952. An electron microscope study of the spermatozoid of Sphagnum. Journal of Experimental Botany3, 265–275.
↑Paolillo D.J. Jr. 1967. On the structure of the axoneme in flagella of Polytrichum juniperinum. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 428–433.
↑Raven P.H; Evert R.F. & Eichhorm S.E. 1999. Biology of plants. 6th ed, W.H. Freeman, New York.