Affine arithmetic (AA) is a computer arithmetic which was made to improve the performance of interval arithmetic.
Today, the interval arithmetic technology which was made by Sunaga[1] and R. Moore[2][3][4] is used in many areas including validated numerics.[5] But unfortunately, interval arithmetic is useless when numerical computation is repeated many times.[4] Therefore, many experts have studied how to overcome this weakness. Affine arithmetic is one result of this movement.
Affine arithmetic is available in some interval arithmetic libraries like INTLAB.[6][7] It is also used in the following fields:
Some experts are trying to improve affine arithmetic. Their results are known as the extended affine arithmetic[28][29][30] or modified affine arithmetic.[31][32]
This a list of libraries that supports affine arithmetic: