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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Methylbenzene
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Ither names
toluene
phenylmethane toluol Anisen | |||
Identifiers | |||
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RTECS nummer | XS5250000 | ||
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Properties | |||
C7H8 | |||
Molar mass | 92.14 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless liquid[1] | ||
Density | 0.87 g/mL (20 °C)[1] | ||
Meltin pynt | −95 °C (−139 °F; 178 K) | ||
Bylin pynt | 111 °C (232 °F; 384 K) | ||
Solubility in watter
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0.47 g/L (20 °C) [1] | ||
Refractive index (nD) | 1.497 (20 °C) | ||
Viscosity | 0.590 cP (20 °C) | ||
Structur | |||
Dipole moment
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0.36 D | ||
Hazards | |||
Main hazards | highly flammable | ||
R-phrases | R11, R38, R48/20, R63, R65, R67 | ||
S-phrases | (S2), S36/37, S29, S46, S62 | ||
NFPA 704 |
3
2 | ||
Flash pynt | 6 °C (43 °F; 279 K)[1] | ||
Threshold Leemit Value | 50 mL m−3, 190 mg m−3 | ||
Relatit compoonds | |||
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
verify (whit is ?) | |||
Infobox references | |||
Toluene is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. It is a mono-substitution benzene derivative, i.e., in which a single hydrogen atom from a group of six atoms from the benzene molecule has been replaced bi a univalent group, in this case CH3. As such, its IUPAC systematic name is methyl benzene.
It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feed for livestock and as a solvent. Like other solvents, toluene is sometimes an used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; however, inhaling toluene has a potential to cause severe neurological harm.[2][3] Toluene is an important organic solvent, but is an capable of dissolving a number of notable inorganic chemicals such as sulfur,[4] iodine, bromine, phosphorus, an other non-polar covalent substances.
Sulfur is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide, somewhat soluble in other non-polar organic solvents such as the aromatics benzene and toluene.