James Clerk Maxwell | |
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James Clerk Maxwell | |
Born | 13 Juin 1831 Edinburgh |
Dee'd | 5 November 1879 Cambridge | (aged 48)
Restin place | Parton, Kirkcudbrightshire 55°00′24″N 4°02′21″W / 55.006693°N 4.039210°W |
Signatur |
James Clerk Maxwell (13 Juin 1831 – 5 November 1879) wis a Scots physicist, born in Edinburgh.[1] Maxwell developit a set o equations expressin the basic laws o eletric an magnetism[2] as weel as the Maxwell distribution in the kinetic theory o gases[3].
He wis the last member o a cadet brainch o the weel-kent Scots faimlie o Clerk o Penicuik.[4] He wis eddicatit at Edinburgh Academy than the Varsity o Edinburgh, and Cambridge. He taucht at Marischal College, Aiberdeen and Keeng's College, London, and the Varsity o Cambridge. He wis eleckit tae the Ryal Society in 1866, but wisnae gien ony Scots awards or honours whan alive.[5] He dee'd on 5 November 1879, and is buirit at Parton, Kirkcudbrightshire.[5]
Maxwell is aften thocht on as the scientist o the 1800s that haed the maist influence on the physics o the 1900s, makkin contreibutions tae the basic models o naitur.[5] In 1931, on the centennial anniversar o Maxwell's birth, Einstein descrieved Maxwell's wark as the "maist profound an the maist fruitfu that physics haes experienced syne the time o Newton."[6]
Algebraic mathematics wi elements o geometry is a featur o a hantle o Maxwell's wark. Maxwell shawed that eletric an magnetic forces is twa complementar aspecks o eletromagnetism.[7] He shawed that eletric an magnetic fields traivels throu space, in the form o waves, at a steady velocity o 3.0 × 108 m/s. He proponed forby that licht wis a form o eletromagnetic radiation.[8][9]
The scienteific compound derived CGS unit meisurin magnetic flux (aften shortent til f), the maxwell (Mx), is named in his honour. A reenge o muntains on Venus, Maxwell Montes, is named efter him, as weel as the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the mucklest sub-mm astronomical prospect in the warld, wi a diameter o 15 metres, whit wis 30 year auld in 2017.[10]
A science biggin at the Varsity o Edinburgh is named efter him, kent as the JCMB biggin.[11] In 2007 a new science biggin at Edinburgh Academy wis named efter him an haed his equations carvit intae the lobby waw.[12] In 2008, a fou-size statue o him wis pitten up in George Street, Edinburgh.[13]
Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae James Clerk Maxwell. |
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