A govrenment is a group o fowk that haes the pouer tae rule in a territory, gaun bi the law. This territory micht be a kintra, a state or stewartry athin a kintra, or a region.
Aristocracy
Dictatorship
Oligarchy
The semplest idea o govrenment is them that rules ower fowk an laund. This micht be as wee as a community wi some kin o buird that leuks efter the ongauns o thaim that leeves athin it or something a bittie lairger lik a clachan or as muckle as a continent (lik Australiae).
Thir fowk that rules the laund can allou ithers tae awn it. It is a deed bi govrenment that gies this richt in the wey that laws descrieves. Some thinks thay hae the richt tae haud laund athout govrenment leave. This view is cried leebertarianism. Ithers thinks thay can dae sic lik thegither as a group wi ithers gin thay leeve in peace, athoot govrenment. This view is cried anarchism.
Mist ilka airt on the Yird is connectit tae the ae an juist the ae govrenment. Airts an pairts athoot govrenment is whaur fowk follaes tradeetions insteid o govrenment rules, smaw disputit airts an the continent o Antarcticaa, acause awmaist nae fow bides thare. For ilka place on the Yird thare is a govrenment that claims sovereign owerins ower it. The wird "sovereign" is auld an means "owerins throu a Keeng" (sovereign). Govrenments o clachans, ceeties, kintras an ither communities is subordinate tae the govrenment o the state or stewartry whaur thay exeests an aw, an syne tae that o the kintra.
It is frae Kings an feudalism that modren govrenments an nation-states comes. The caipital o a kintra, for instance, is whaur the King kept his assets. Frae this we get the modren idea o caipital in economics. A govrenment is said tae regulate troke as weel as tae rule ower laund.
Goverements controls fowk an decides things aboot whit morality tae accept or punish. In verra mony kintras, thare's strict rules aboot sexual intercoorse an drogs that's pairt o the law an offenders is punished for disobeyin them.
Tax is whit wey govrenment is peyed for in maist kintras. Fowk that coff, sell, import, invest, awns a hoose or laund, or earns siller is gart pey some o the siller tae a govrenment.
Thare's mony theories o hou tae organize govrenment better. Thir is cried theories o ceevics. Acause goverement is rin bi fowk that can be greedy, mony fowk thinks leaders maun be waled bi some kin o democracy. Thon wey, gin govrenment deasna act richt, thay can be replaced in the neist election. Still an on mony kintras' govrenments isna a democracy but ither forms that juist a puckle fowk haes pouer in.
Thare's mony theories anent hou tae rin a govrenment mair better, an hinner fowk skaithin ilk ither. Thir theories is pairt o politics. Nae maiter hou a govrenment is waled, it maun dae politics tae haud tae pouer.
Thare's mony thochts aboot hou tae reid a tuilyie athoot needin force or veeolence but bi talkin an trustin. This is pairt o ethics. Whan releegion convinces fowk no tae fecht or rely on govrenment, we say an ethical tradeetion is at wirk. Maist law comes frae tradeetions lik that. The Ten Commaundments is oe group o laws lik that.
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