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Bromeliaceae
Pineaiple, a bromeliad
Scientific classification
Kinrick: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Faimily: Bromeliaceae
Juss.[1]
Subfaimiles
  • Bromelioideae
  • Pitcairnioideae
  • Tillandsioideae

The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a faimily o monocot flouerin plants o aroond 3,170 species native mainly tae the tropical Americas, wi a few species foond in the American subtropics an ane in tropical wast Africae, Pitcairnia feliciana.[2] Thay are amang the basal faimilies within the Poales an are unique acause thay are the anly faimily within the order that haes septal nectaries an inferior ovaries.[3] These inferior ovaries characterize the Bromelioideae, a subfaimily o the Bromeliaceae.[4] The faimily includes baith epiphytes, such as Spainyie fog (Tillandsia usneoides), an terrestrial species, such as the pineapple (Ananas comosus). Mony bromeliads are able tae store watter in a structure furmed bi thair tichtly-owerlappin leaf bases. However, the faimily is diverse enough tae include the tank bromeliads, grey-leaved epiphyte Tillandsia species that gather watter only frae leaf structures cried trichomes, an a lairge nummer o desert-dwellin succulents.

The lairgest bromeliad is Puya raimondii, which reaches 3–4 m taw in vegetative growth wi a flouer spike 9–10 m tall, an the smawest is Spainyie moss.

Classification

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The faimily Bromeliaceae is currently placed in the order Poales.

Subfaimilies

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The faimily Bromeliaceae is organized intae three subfaimilies:

Genera

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  • Acanthostachys Klotzsch
  • Aechmea Ruiz & Pav.
  • Alcantarea
  • Ananas Mill. — Includes the pineaiple.
  • Androlepis Brongn. ex Houllet
  • Araeococcus Brongn.
  • Billbergia Thunb.
  • Brewcaria L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob
  • Brocchinia Schult.f.
  • Bromelia L.
  • Canistropsis
  • Canistrum E.Morren
  • Catopsis Griseb.
  • Connellia N.E.Br.
  • Cottendorfia Schult.f.
  • Cryptanthus Otto & A.Dietr.
  • Deinacanthon
  • Deuterocohnia Mez
  • Disteganthus Lem.
  • Dyckia Schult.f.
  • Edmundoa
  • Eduandrea
  • Encholirium Mart. ex Schult.f.
  • Fascicularia Mez
  • Fernseea Baker
  • Fosterella L.B.Sm.
  • Glomeropitcairnia Mez
  • Greigia Regel
  • Guzmania Ruiz & Pav.
  • Hechtia Klotzsch
  • Hohenbergia Schult.f.
  • Hohenbergiopsis L.B.Sm. & Read
  • Lindmania Mez
  • Lymania Read
  • Mezobromelia L.B.Sm.
  • Navia Schult.f.
  • Neoglaziovia Mez
  • Neoregelia L.B.Sm.
  • Nidularium Lem.
  • Ochagavia Phil.
  • Orthophytum
  • Pepinia
  • Pitcairnia L'Her.
  • Portea K. Koch
  • Pseudaechmea L.B.Sm. & Read
  • Pseudananas Hassl. ex Harms
  • Puya Molina
  • Quesnelia Gaudich.
  • Racinaea
  • Ronnbergia E.Morren & André
  • Sequencia
  • Steyerbromelia L.B.Sm.
  • Tillandsia L.
  • Ursulaea
  • Vriesia Lindl.
  • Werauhia J.R.Grant
  • Wittrockia Lindm.

References

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  1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2017, retrieved 10 December 2010 Archived 2017-05-25 at Archive-It
  2. Mabberley, D.J. (1997). The Plant Book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Judd, Walter S. Plant systematics a phylogenetic approach. 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2007.
  4. Sajo, M. G. "Floral anatomy of Bromeliaceae, with particular reference to the epigyny and septal nectaries in commelinid monocots." Plant Systematics and Evolution 247 (2004): 215-31.