Porphyrio martinica

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Aves
Subclassis : Neornithes
Infraclassis : Neognathae
Superordo : Neoaves
Ordo : Gruiformes
Subordo : Ralli
Familia : Rallidae
Vigors, 1825

Palaeontologia

Eocenum - Recens

Subdivisiones: Genera

Circa quadraginta; vide Systematica et evolutionem.

Rallidae sunt magna parvarum mediarumve avium familia cosmopolitana, quae gravem biodiversitatem praestat. Multae familiae species terra humida utuntur, quamquam familia in omnibus habitationibus terrestrialibus praeter regiones desertas, polares, et alpinas supra finem nivium habitat.

Rallidae in omne continenti praeter Antarcticam inveniuntur, et sunt in insulis multae species. Communissimae habitationes sunt paludes et silvae densae. Rallidae praecipue sunt confertarum herbarum cupidae.^[1]

Genera

Genera viva

Himanthornis
Sarothrura (9 species)
Canirallus (2 species)
Coturnicops (3 species)
Micropygia
Rallina (8 species)
Anurolimnas (3 species)
Atlantisia
Laterallus (10 species)
Nesoclopeus (1 species vuva, 1 recentius exstincta)
Gallirallus (11-12 species vivae, 3-5 recentius exstinctae; vide Gallirallus vekamatolu)
Rallus (circa 9 species)
Lewinia (3 species; aliquando inter Rallum habitae)
Dryolimnas (1 species viva, 1 recentius exstincta)
Crecopsis (aliquando inter Creces habita)
Crex
Rougetius
Aramidopsis
Aramides (8-9 species vivae, fortasse 1 recentius exstincta)
Amaurolimnas
Gymnocrex (3 species)
Amaurornis (9 species)
Porzana (13 species vivae, inter quas Porzana cinerea, 4-5 recentius exstinctae)
Aenigmatolimnas
Cyanolimnas
Neocrex (2 species)
Pardirallus (3 species)
Eulabeornis
Habroptila
Megacrex
Gallicrex
Porphyrio (6 species vivae, 2-5 recentius exstinctae; Notornem et Porphyrulaa comprehendit)
Gallinula (7-9 species vivae, 1-3 recentius exstinctae; Edithornem et Pareudiasten comprehendit)
Fulica (circa 10 species vivae, 1 recentius exstincta)

Genera recentius exstincta

Genus Nesotrochis (3 species; exstinctae temporibus praehistoricis vel recentius)
- Nesotrochis debooyi (Portus Ricus et Insulae Virginis) - may have survived until historic times Auk55:51
- Nesotrochis steganinos (Haitium, Indi Occidentales) - praehistorica
- Nesotrochis picapicensis (Cuba, Indi Occidentales) - prehistoric
Genus Diaphorapteryx (exstincta saeculo 19)
Genus Aphanapteryx (2 species; extinctae medio saeculo 18)
Genus Cabalus (aliquando inter Gallirallos habitus; exstinctus circa 1900)
Genus Mundia (olim inter Atlantisias comprehensa; saeculo 17 exeunte)
Genus Aphanocrex (olim inter Atlantisias comprehensa; exstincta saeculo 16)

Extinctiones Aevi Quaternarii Recentioris

Genus Capellirallus
Genus Vitirallus
Genus Hovacrex

Notae

↑ Horsfall & Robinson 2003:206-207.

Bibliographia

Ballmann, Peter. 1969. "Les Oiseaux miocènes de la Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère)." Geobios 2:157–204. doi|10.1016/S0016–6995(69)80005–7.
BirdLife International. 2007 Wake Island Rail BirdLife Species Factsheet. Accessum 4 Iulii 2007.
Boles, Walter E. 2005. "A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia." Records of the Australian Museum 57(2):179–190. ODF textum
Gál, Erika, János Hir, Eugén Kessler, et József Kókay. 1998]–1999. "Középsõ-miocén õsmaradványok, a Mátraszõlõs, Rákóczi-kápolna alatti útbevágásból. I. A Mátraszõlõs 1. lelõhely." Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 23:33-78. PDF textum
Horsfall, Joseph A., et Robert Robinson. 2003. "Rails." In Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds, ed. Christopher Perrins. Firefly Books.
Hugueney, Marguerite, Didier Berthet, Anne-Marie Bodergat, François Escuillié, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, et Aurélia Wattinne. 2003. "La limite Oligocène-Miocène en Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifères, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)." Geobios 36(6):719–731. doi|10.1016/j.geobios.2003.01.002
McNab, B. K. 1994. "Energy conservation and the evolution of flightlessness in birds." American Naturalist 144(4):628–642. HTML abstractum et imago paginae primae
McNab, B. K. et H. I. Ellis. 2006. "Flightless rails endemic to islands have lower energy expenditures and clutch sizes than flighted rails on islands and continents." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular & Integrative Physiology 145(3):295-311. doi|doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.025.
Mlíkovský, Jirí. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Pragae: Ninox Press. PDF textum
Olson, Storrs L. 1985. "Section X.D.2.b. Scolopacidae." Avian Biology 8:174–175, ed. D. S. Farner, J. R. King, et Kenneth C. Parkes. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press.
Slikas, B., Storrs L. Olson, et R. C. Fleischer. 2002. Rapid, independent evolution of flightlessness in four species of Pacific Island rails (Rallidae): an analysis based on mitochondrial sequence data." Journal of Avian Biology 33(1):5–14. doi|10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.330103.x
Steadman, David William. 2006, Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-77142-3.
Worthy, Trevor H., A. J. D. Tennyson, C. Jones, J. A. McNamara, et B. J. Douglas. 2007. "Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5(1):1–39. doi|10.1017/S1477201906001957.