ante 1542 : Codex Mendoza (liber pictus, c. 1534/1542) f. 57v-58r; cf. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, The Essential Codex Mendoza (Berkeleiae, 1997) p. 156
1597 : John Gerard, The Herball, or generall historie of plantes. Londinii: John Norton pp. 1329-1330 (ficus Indica, tune, tunas)
Eruditio
Sophie D. Coe, America's First Cuisines (Austinopoli: University of Texas Press, 1994) p. 95
R. A. Donkin, Spanish Red: An Ethnogeographical Study of Cochineal and the Opuntia Cactus (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society vol. 67 no. 5, 1977) JSTOR
Urs Eggli, "Conrad Gessner and the Early History of the Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica)" in Urs Leu and Peter Opitz, edd., Conrad Gessner (1516-1565) (De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2019) pp. 43-66