Ti-ci articul parla pri li grammatica de Interlingue, un planlingue creat de Edgar de Wahl e publicat in 1922.
Vocales quam in german, italian, hispan etc.
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale "-s" (pos vocal) o "-es" (pos mult consonant).
Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per "-e" por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per "-o" por marcar li masculin o "-a" por marcar li féminin.
Li adjective es ínvariabil in génere e númere. Mult adjectives fini per -i. To es por fixar li corect pronunciation del ultim consonant, e pro distinction pos tipic finales substantivic e infinitivic: felici, sagi, porosi, organisatori, amari.
Mult adjectives posse facilmen esser substantivat per adjuntion del finales -e, -o, -a: yun, yune, yunes, yunos, yunas.
Por formar un substantive expressent li general idé de un qualitá on adjunte li finale -um: li novum, li bellum.
Quande li adjective es usat sin substantive e on deve pro cert rasones indicar li plurale, on adjunte -s, pos consonantes intercalante li -i- eufonic, u to es possibil sin changear li pronunciation: Vi pomes, prende li maturis.
Por li comparative on indica
Por li superlative on indica
Por li superlative absolut on usa: tre, o li sufix: -issim: tre grand, grandissim.
Por comparar tri o pluri gradus on usa: grand, plu grand, mem plu grand, plu grand ancor, mem plu grand ancor.
In omni comparationes on usa: quam: egalmen quam, altrimen quam.
masc. | fem. | n. | mas. | fem. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | yo | tu | il | ella | it | noi | vu | ili | (illos) | (ellas) |
Object | me | te | le | la | it | nos | vos | les | (los) | (las) |
Remarca: Li pronómines illos e ellas es normalmen ne usat.
Li pronómine general es quel, anc por li acusative.
Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine qui.
Li interrogativ pronómines es qui por persones e quo por coses.
Por li pronómine qui existe un facultativ acusative quem.
Pronómines | mi(s) | tui(s) | su(s) | nor(es) | vor(es) | lor(es) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjectives | mi | tu | su | nor | vor | lor |
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mis es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lores ha arivat.
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.
Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.
Por interrogar | Por monstrar | Indeterminat | Negation | Null indication | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantitá | quant | tant | alquant | nequant | quantcunc | totmen |
Tempore | quande | tande | alquande | nequande | quandecunc | sempre |
Loc | u? | ta, ci | alcú | necú | úcunc | partú |
Persones | qui | ti | alqui | nequi | quicunc | omni |
Coses | quo | to | alquo | nequo | quocunc | omno |
Persones e coses | quel | tel | alquel | nequel | quelcunc | chascun |
Qualitá | qual | tal | alqual | nequal | qualcunc | |
Mode | quam | tam | alquam | nequam | quamcunc |
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe amar:
Remarca: Si li tema fini in -i, on intermette un -e-: fini-e-nt, audi-e-nt, veni-e-nt, mori-e-nt.
Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.
Activ:
|
Passiv:
|
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
afixe | signification | afixat a | ante li afixe | pos li afixe | notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
-abil/-ibil | able | verbal root | posser (to be able) | possibil (possible) | -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs |
-ada/-ida | -ade | verbal root | promenar (to stroll) | promenada (a walk, a promenade) | -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs |
-ach- | pejorative | verbal root | criticar (criticize) | criticachar (complain, whine) | |
-ar | general verb | noun, adjective | sicc (dry) | siccar (to dry) | General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs |
-ard | pejorative noun suffix | verbal root | furter (steal) | furtard (thief) | |
bel- | kinship by marriage | noun | fratre (brother) | belfratre (brother-in-law) | |
des- | cessation | various | infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage) |
desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage) |
|
dis- | separation, dispersion | various | membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate) |
dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate) |
|
-er- | doer of verb | verbal root | lavar (wash) | lavere / lavera / lavero (washer) | -a or -o to specify female or male gender |
-ette | diminutive | noun | dom (house) | domette (cottage) | |
ex- | ex- | noun | presidente (president) | ex-presidente (ex-president) | |
ho- | this | noun | semane (week) | ho-semane (this week) | |
-illio | caressive | noun | fratre (brother) | fratrillio (bro) | affixed to male nouns |
ín- | in-, un-, etc. | adjective | credibil (believable) | íncredibil (unbelievable) | |
-innia | caressive | noun | matre (mother) | matrinnia (mom/mommy) | affixed to female nouns |
-ion | -ion | perfect theme | crear (create) | creation (creation) | |
-iv | -ive | perfect theme | exploder (explode) | explosiv (explosive) | perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos |
-ment | -ment | present theme | experir (to experience) | experiment (experiment) | |
mi- | half | noun | fratre (brother) | mifratre (half-brother) | |
mis- | false (mis-) | various | comprender (understand) | miscomprender (misunderstand) | |
non- | non- | noun | fumator (smoker) | nonfumator (non-smoker) | |
-ntie | -nce | present theme | tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience) |
tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience) |
-ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie |
-or | -er, -or | perfect theme | distribuer (distribute) | distributor (distributor) | |
-ori | -ory | perfect theme | currer (run) | cursori (cursory) | perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs |
per- | through, all the way | verb | forar (pierce) | perforar (perforate) | |
pre- | before | various | historie (history) | prehistorie (prehistory) | |
pro- | to the front | verb | ducter (lead) | producter (produce) | |
re- | re- | verb | venir (come) | revenir (return) | |
step- | step- | noun | matre (mother) | stepmatre (stepmother) | |
-ura | -ure | perfect theme | scrir (write) | scritura (scripture) |
Li signes de interpunction in Interlingue es: