Marsekal Besar Henry H. Arnold
Jenderal Henry H. Arnold
Nama lahir	Henry Harley Arnold
Julukan	"Hap"
Lahir	(1886-06-25)25 Juni 1886 Gladwyne, Pennsylvania
Meninggal	15 Januari 1950(1950-01-15) (umur 63) Sonoma, California
Tempat pemakaman	Pemakaman Nasional Arlington
Pengabdian	Amerika Serikat
Dinas/cabang	Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat
Lama dinas	1907-1947 (Angkatan Darat) 1947-1950 (Angkatan Udara)
Pangkat	Jenderal Besar Marsekal Besar
NRP	O-2255
Komandan	Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat AS Angkatan Udara Kedua Puluh Sayap ke-1, Pasukan Udara GHQ
Perang/pertempuran	Perang Dunia I Perang Dunia II
Penghargaan	Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit Distinguished Flying Cross Air Medal

Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold (25 Juni 1886 – 15 Januari 1950) adalah seorang perwira jenderal Amerika yang meraih pangkat Jenderal Besar Angkatan Darat dan Marsekal Besar. Arnold adalah seorang pelopor penerbangan, Ketua Korps Udara (1938–1941), Komando Jenderal Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat AS pada Perang Dunia II, satu-satunya jenderal Angkatan Udara AS yang meraih pangkat bintang lima, dan satu-satunya perwira berpangkat bintang lima dalam dua pelayanan militer AS yang berbeda.^[1] Arnold juga merupakan pendiri Proyek RAND, RAND Corporation, dan salah satu pendiri Pan American World Airways.

Diajari menerbang oleh Wright bersaudara, Arnold adalah salah satu pilot militer pertama di dunia, dan salah satu dari tiga pilot berpangkat dalam sejarah Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat.^{[nb 1]}

Catatan

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan kaki

^ Arnold, Capt. Charles DeF. Chandler, and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5, 1912. Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39, which was the first list of rated Military Aviators. (Hennessy 1958, hlm. 59, 229)

Kutipan

^ "Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold". Arlington National Cemetery. 2011. Diakses tanggal January 13, 2011.

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Arnold, Henry H. (1949). Global Mission, Harper and Brothers Publishers, New York. (1989 reprint, McGraw-Hill Publishing, ISBN 0-8306-4004-5)
Association of Graduates (2012). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. West Point, New York: USMA Digital Library. ("Cullum's Biographical Register") Vol. 9 1940-1950 Diarsipkan 2013-03-17 di Wayback Machine.
Cameron, Rebecca Hancock (1999). Training to Fly: Military Flight Training 1907–1945. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. OCLC 606500804.
Cate, James L (1954). "Vol. 5 The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945" (PDF). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Air Force Historical Studies Office. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-11.
Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea (1948). "Vol. 1: Plans and Early Operations January 1939 to August 1942" (PDF). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Air Force Historical Studies Office. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-10-18. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-11.
Clay, Lt.Col. Steven E. (2010). US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941 Vol. 3: The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops Organizations (PDF). Command and General Staff College, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-9841901-4-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-08-13. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-20.
Coffey, Thomas M. (1982). Hap: The Story of the U.S. Air Force and the Man Who Built It General Henry H. 'Hap' Arnold. Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-36069-4.
Davis, Richard G. (1997). HAP: Henry H. Arnold, Military Aviator (PDF). Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16-049071-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-22. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-06.
Goss, William A. (1954). "Origins of the Army Air Forces". Dalam Craven, Wesley F. and Cate, James L. The Army Air Forces in World War II Vol. Six: Men and Planes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-912799-03-X.
Griffith, Charles (1999). The Quest: Haywood Hansell and American Strategic Bombing in World War II (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University Press. ISBN 1-58566-069-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2005-01-28. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-12.
Haller, Stephen A. The Last Word in Airfields: A Special History Study of Crissy Field, Presidio of San Francisco, California (PDF). San Francisco, California: National Park Service. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2013.
Heimdahl, William C., and Hurley, Alfred F., "The Roots of U.S. Military Aviation," Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force Vol. I (1997), ISBN 0-16-049009-X
Herman, Arthur (2012). Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4
Hofmann, George F. (2006). Through Mobility We Conquer: The Mechanization of the U.S. Cavalry. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2403-4.
Huston, John W. (2002). "Biography". Dalam Maj. Gen. John W. Huston, USAF. American Airpower Comes of Age: General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold's World War II Diaries (PDF). Air University Press. ISBN 1-58566-093-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-06. Huston's introductory "Biography" is 108 pages in length and a detailed account of Arnold's life, both professional and personal, to 1941.

--- "The Wartime Leadership of 'Hap' Arnold." In Alfred F. Hurley and Robert C. Erhart, eds. Air Power and Air Warfare (1979) 168-85.

Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015), American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II (NAL/Caliber 2015).
Nalty, Bernard C., editor (1997). Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force. Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16-049009-X.
Perret, Geoffrey (1997). Winged Victory: The U.S. Army Air Corps During World War II, Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-75047-2
Rice, Rondall Ravor (2004). The Politics of Air Power: From Confrontation to Cooperation in Army Aviation Civil-Military Relations, University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3960-2
Tate, Dr. James P. (1998). The Army and its Air Corps: Army Policy Toward Aviation 1919-1941. Air University Press. ISBN 0-16-061379-5.
Walker, Lois F. and Wickam, Shelby Z. (1986). "Part I: Huffman Prairie 1904-1916". From Huffman Prairie to the Moon: A History of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Office of History, 2750th Air Base Wing, WPAFB. ISBN 0-16-002204-5.
Watson, George M. Jr. (2002). "Arnold, Henry H. "Hap" (1886-1950)". Dalam Walter J. Boyne. Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Vol. I, Entries A-l. ABC-CLIO, Inc. hlm. 45. ISBN 1-57607-345-9.

Pembelajaran Sejarah USAF

No. 89: Greer, Thomas H. (1985). The Development of Air Doctrine in the Army Air Arm, 1917–1941 (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base: Center For Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-25-0. OCLC 12558056. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-11.
No. 91: Fogerty, Robert P. (1953). Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917-1952, Volume 1 - A thru L (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base: USAF Historical Division. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-06-09. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-10.
No. 98: Hennessy, Juliette A. (1958). The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917 (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base: USAF Historical Division. ISBN 0-912799-34-X. OCLC 12553968. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-22. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-10.
No. 112: Cate, James L. (1945). History of the Twentieth Air Force: Genesis (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base: USAF Historical Division. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-14.

Jurnal

Daso, Major Dik A. (USAF) (1996). "Origins of Airpower: Hap Arnold's Early Career in Aviation Technology, 1903–1935" (PDF). Airpower Journal. X (Winter). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-07. (Part I)

--- (1997). "Origins of Airpower: Hap Arnold's Command Years and Aviation Technology, 1936-1945" (PDF). Airpower Journal. XI (Fall). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-12. (Part II)

--- (2013). "Arnold's Evolution". AIR FORCE Magazine. 96 (9). Diakses tanggal 11 September 2013.

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Henry H. Arnold.

NMUSAF fact sheet: Gen. Henry H. "Hap" Arnold
General Henry H. Arnold (official USAF biography) Diarsipkan 2012-12-12 di Wayback Machine.
General of the Air Force, Henry H. "Hap" Arnold Diarsipkan 2009-06-30 di Wayback Machine. Air University biography
Templat:Early Aviators
Film pendek Big Picture: The Hap Arnold Story tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
Arnold Air Society biography Diarsipkan 2010-12-02 di Wayback Machine.
National Aviation Hall of Fame enshrinement page Diarsipkan 2011-08-05 di Wayback Machine.

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman) ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (via VIAF)
Perpustakaan nasional	Prancis (data) Amerika Serikat Republik Ceko Australia Israel Belanda Polandia 2 Swedia
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology National Archives (US) RERO (Swiss) 1 Social Networks and Archival Context 2 SUDOC (Prancis) 1 Trove (Australia) 1