Yury Iosifovich Koval (Russian: Юрий Иосифович Коваль, February 9, 1938 in Moscow – August 2, 1995 in Moscow) was a Russian author, artist, and screenplay writer.^[1]

Biography

Yury Koval was born in Moscow in 1938. Both of his parents came from peasant families. His Ukrainian father Iosif Yakovlevich Koval was a criminal investigator, while his mother Olga Dmitrievna Kolybina was a psychiatrist of Russian origin.^[2] In 1955 Yuri begun his studies at the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, and in 1960, he graduated and started working as a drawing teacher in the countryside in the Republic of Tatarstan. After a year, he returned to Moscow, working first as a schoolteacher and subsequently as an editor in the Detskaya Literatura magazine. In 1966, he became a freelance journalist and writer.^[3]

Koval published sporadically since he was a student, and in 1967 and 1969 he published two books of verses for children, however, he was first noticed in 1968, when he published Aly, a short story of a dog. He subsequently decided to change topic frequently. He spent considerable periods of time in the north of European Russia, in particular, in Vologda Oblast. In Arkhangelsk, Yury Koval met Boris Shergin, a Russian Pomor writer, and became interested in Russian folklore. Later, he invested a lot of time promoting literary works of Shergin and Stepan Pisakhov, and even wrote a screenplay for animated films The Magic Ring (Russian: Волшебное кольцо) and Laughter and Grief by the White Sea, based on Shergin's fairy tales.^[3]

In the 1970s, Koval wrote several short stories and novels for children. The Little Silver Fox (1975) shows the story of an Arctic fox who escaped from a fur farm and wanted to get to the North Pole. In 1984, he published The lightest boat in the world, and Suyer-Vyyer was published in 1996 posthumously. For Suyer-Vyyer, Koval received the Strannik Literary Award [ru], which is given for science fiction books.^[4] Koval's books were translated to all major European languages, as well as to Chinese and Japanese.^[3][5]

In addition to his writing and screenwriting work, Yuri was also a professional sculptor, artist, icon painter, enameller and woodcarver.^[6][7] He mastered a wide range of techniques, mostly traditional national Russian styles. He also wrote songs and played guitar.^{[citation needed]}

Koval died in 1995 at the age of 57 after a serious heart attack. He was buried in the family tomb at the Lianozovskoe Cemetery.^[8] He was survived by his second wife Natalia Alexandrovna Koval (nee Degtyar), his children (Yulia from the first marriage and Alexei from the second marriage) and his elder brother Boris.^[2] Koval belonged to the Russian Orthodox Church.^[6]

Literary works

Koval is the author of several novels, novellas and collections of short stories and fairy-tales, both for children and adults. He has also written poems and songs. His major works in prose include:

• Алый (Aly, titled after the proper name of a dog, 1968), about a border guard dog;
• Приключения Васи Куролесова (The Adventures of Vasya Kurolesov, 1971), a humorous detective story;
• Недопёсок (Young Polar Fox, 1975), about the adventures of an Arctic fox;
• Пять похищенных монахов (Five Abducted Monks, 1977), a humorous detective story;
• От Красных Ворот (Starting from Red Gate, titled after a Moscow toponym, 1984);
• Самая лёгкая лодка в мире (The Lightest Boat in the World, 1984), the first Koval's major work addressed to adult audience;
• Полынные сказки (Wormwood Tales, 1987);
• Промах гражданина Лошакова (Citizen Loshakov's Failure, 1990), a humorous detective story;
• Шамайка (Shamayka, titled after the name of a cat, 1990), about a stray cat (adaptation of Ernest Thompson Seton's story, The Slum Cat);
• Суер-Выер (Suyer-Vyyer, 1998), a fantastic novel about a sea voyage of Captain Suyer-Vyyer striving to find the Island of Verity.

He translated into Russian various children's writers and poets, including Rainis, Imants Ziedonis, Eduardas Mieželaitis, Spiridon Vangheli, Akhmedkhan Abu-Bakar, Michio Mado, Yoko Sano, etc.^{[citation needed]}

English editions

• Yuri Koval. A Pig in a Poke. London: Abelard-Schuman, 1975. — Illustrated by Janosch.^[9] ISBN 0200723324 (Translation of Priklyucheniya Vasi Kurolesova, 1971)
• Yuri Koval. A purple bird / Translated by Fainna Solasko. Moscow: Raduga, 1983.^[10] 2nd printing, 1989.^[11] — Illustrated by Nikolay Ustinov. (Translation of 14 stories from the collection Pozdnim vecherom ranney vesnoy, 1988)
• Yuri Koval. The Little Silver Fox / Translation by Nora Seligman Favorov. Chtenia: Readings from Russia. 2008. Vol. 1, no. 1. (01: The Hearts of Dogs).^[12] (Excerpt from Nedopesok, 1975)
• Yuri Koval. The Lightest Boat in the World / Translation by Paul E. Richardson. Chtenia: Readings from Russia. 2008. Vol. 1, no. 3. (03: On the Road).^[13] (Excerpt from Samaya legkaya lodka v mire, 1984)
• Yury Koval. The Red Gates. In: Moscow Tales. Stories translated by Sasha Dugdale; Edited by Helen Constantine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. P. 83-128. (Translation of a novella Ot Krasnyx vorot, 1984)

Cinema and animation

Some of Koval's works were made into feature films:

• Border dog Alyi (1979)
• Nedopesok Napoleon III (1979)^[14] (based on Nedopesok)
• Pyat pokhishchennykh monakhov (1991)^[15] (based on the eponymous novel)
• Yavlenie prirody (2010)^[16] (based on various short stories)

He wrote the screenplays for several short animation films, and many animation films are based on his works, including:

• Priklyucheniya Vasi Kurolesova (1981)^[17]
• Tigryonok na podsolnukhe (1981)^[18]
• Welcome (1986)
• Sunduk (1986)
• Laughter and Grief by the White Sea (1988)
• Yevstifeyka-volk (2001)
• Polynnaya skazka v tri blina dlinoy (2003)
• Pro barana i kozla (2004)^[19]
• Pro kozla i barana (2005)
• Glupaya... (2008)
• Krugly god (2010)
• Shatalo (2010)

Koval also appeared in small supporting roles in two movies (in both cases he sings his songs playing a guitar):

• Ulitsa Nyutona, dom 1 (1963)^[20]
• Marka strany Gondelupy (1978)^[21]