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In economics, the Zelder Paradox is the observation of Martin Zelder that the presence of marital public goods increases the likelihood of divorce that reduces the combined welfare of both spouses.[1] Furthermore, the more effort a couple puts into those activities usually considered most central to marriage, such as love and the raising of children, the more likely it is that a sub-optimal divorce will occur. The paradox is both that marriages sometimes end in divorce even when it reduces the combined welfare of both spouses, and that the likelihood of this outcome is higher when a marriage is based on love and children rather than more prosaic matters such as money and household tasks.
Marital public goods are produced within marriage, but neither spouse can exclude the other from enjoying them. If a spouse can exclude a husband or wife from enjoying a marital good, then a spouse who prefers to stay married can use it to bargain in an attempt to prevent divorce. The Coase Theorem suggests that if the joint benefits of marriage outweigh the joint costs, bargaining (if possible) will save marriages in all cases where continued marriage would be jointly welfare-maximizing. If the benefits of marriage are non-public, such as time spent on household chores, or income transfers, then spouses can withhold them or offer to increase them in order to save a marriage. Public goods, however, cannot be withheld, and so cannot be used for bargaining.
The marital goods most commonly considered to be public are children.[2] If both spouses care about the welfare of their children, then a happy child will benefit both parents, and neither spouse can prevent the other from enjoying this benefit. (Of course, some of the benefits associated with children are private, e.g., time spent with a child by one spouse while the other spouse is excluded.) If spouses’ love for each other is largely public (within the marriage), then it cannot be used to bargain to save a marriage.[3]
Evidence supporting the Zelder paradox can be found in higher divorce rates for couples with children in states with no-fault divorce laws. All 50 U.S. states now have no-fault divorce, but during the 1970s divorce laws differed significantly by state. (In a fault divorce regime, the presence of marital public goods has no effect on the likelihood of divorce, because spousal bargaining is occurring within divorce, not marriage.) In a no-fault regime, if only one spouse wishes to preserve a marriage, that spouse needs private gains (which can be transferred to the other) to succeed, and if a large fraction of marital assets are public goods, such bargaining will be impossible. Zelder (1993) found evidence that couples whose gains to marriage came disproportionately from children were more likely to divorce once the state they lived in switched to no-fault.
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Your article submission has been declined, and Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Zelder Paradox was not created. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer, and please feel free to resubmit once the issues have been addressed. (You can do this by adding the text ((subst:AFC submission/submit))
to the top of the article.) Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Chzz ► 16:24, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
I've reviewed the submission and replied, on User_talk:Chzz#Zelder_Paradox. Chzz ► 06:26, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
Note: I copied this over from my talk; I answered there, but, I noticed you have not edited since. Because my talk page is very active, I wanted to move it to an archive - but, I thought it best to also put a copy here, so you can read it at your leisure. If you have follow-up questions or anything, please just start a new section on my talk page. Thanks, Chzz ► 19:39, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
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Hi, I saw the note saying "Please try to address the concerns explained in the 'feedback' request" In the feedback request, you said:
Please be very careful about drawing conclusions - for example, saying The problem is that some marital goods are difficult to trade. - that isn't appropriate encyclopaedic language (saying "the problem is...") and, it appears to be original research, which is not permitted; see also WP:OR. There are also unreferenced claims, such as Evidence supporting the Zelder paradox can be found in higher divorce rates for couples with children - again, that looks like original research, unless someone else has published that claim.
My reply was:
Thanks for your comments. Instead of "the problem is...", how about "In order to be applicable, however, the Coase Theorem requires frictionless trading between parties. In marriage, some goods are difficult to trade. (footnote to Zelder 1993)" On the second comment, this claim has been published. I meant the Zelder 1993 reference to apply to the whole paragraph. I'll change it to make that clearer.Barkrich (talk)
I made these changes, which you can see on User:Barkrich/Zelder_Paradox. Do they address your concerns? I'm sorry for the fragmented discussion - I'm still learning my way around here.Barkrich (talk)
Thanks!Barkrich (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 22:58, 4 February 2011 (UTC).
Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Zelder Paradox
I think, overall, maybe you are writing too much of your own opinions about the Zelder Paradox, and not simply stating facts that other, reliable sources have published about it. That is the key point; we do not do any original research.
Some other comments, for potential improvement to the aritcle;
(Some of the above, of course, being asthetic - an article does not have to be in any way 'perfect' to be accepted via AFC; it just needs to be neutral and verifiable).
I hope that helps. If you work on it further, then I suggest you 'resubmit' to AFC; there are instructions on how, at the top of the page. Best of luck, Chzz ► 06:21, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
Alpha Quadrant talk 18:00, 3 March 2011 (UTC)