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Some have reported on a rise in threats and statements, including stochastic terrorism, around the world, such as anti-immigration sentiment in Europe and threats against politicians in the US.[1] There have been a more than doubling of concerning threats and statements against political figures from 2017 to 2021 in the United States, according to Capitol Police,[2] with a ten-fold increase observed between Trump taking office and 2022.[3] Sociologist Ramón Spaaij worries the increasing prevalence of violent and demonizing rhetoric in public discourse in the U.S. will lead to more political violence.[1]
Jurors and judges are a group that has drawn particular concern regarding their protection from stochastic terrorism.[4] Threats against the media and journalists, election workers and state electors have also been cited as stemming from violent or intimidating rhetoric.[5]
In the U.S., Seth Jones found that violent incidents have more than quadrupled between 2007 and 2017.[6] Kurt Braddock and Ellen Ioanes have seen much more of this rhetoric and incidents on the right in the U.S. than the left.[7] Rachel Kleinfeld estimates that right-wing protests are twice as likely as left-leaning protests to turn violent.[8]
Parking examples with <3 citations here - feel free to incorporate in Stochastic terrorism if they reach 3+ or in other articles as appropriate
October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts against politicians.[9][6]
2019 El Paso mass shooting targeting Latinos.[10]
Mass shooting of a constituent meeting held by U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords in 2011.[1]
Parking sources that don't explicitly mention the concept here so that the research can be used in related articles like political violence, terrorism in the United States, domestic terrorism, domestic terrorism in the United States, etc.
Between 9/11/2001 and 2023, the think-tank New America has found one person to have been killed by left-wing extremists and 133 by right-wing extremists.[11]
2023 overview of violence in the US by Brookings.[12]
According to the Anti-Defamation League, roughly 75% of the people killed by extremists between 2012 and 2022 in the United States were associated with right-wing extremism.[3]
2019 El Paso mass shooting targeting Latinos.[13]