The limited, modern, archaeological, and historical context of the Near East.

  The Middle and Near East.

Logotype for the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.

Western Asia.

A map detailing possible definitions used for the boundary between Europe and Asia in different periods throughout history. The red line marked "A" is apparently the "Strahlenberg" definition commononly taught in Soviet Russia. The modern mainstream definitions used by the United Nations are marked with the lines "B" (the Ural mountains and Ural river) and "F" (Caucasus watershed) in this image.

This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged; first, chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north). This list includes most present-day sovereign states (some of which may be disputed) beginning eastward from West and Central Asia (the Republic of Iraq, State of Kuwait, and Islamic republics of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan), Syria (the Syrian Arab Republic and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan), Transcaucasia (the republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia), Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (the Republic of Turkey), Arabian Peninsula (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, State of Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman, and Republic of Yemen), Levant (the Lebanese Republic, Republic of Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and the states of Israel and Palestine), Northeast Africa (the Arab Republic of Egypt and Republic of the Sudan), and Northwest Africa (the State of Libya, Republic of Tunisia, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Kingdom of Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and Islamic Republic of Mauritania). Also listed might be any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (both land and naval) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the "Middle East" (or the "Ancient Near East" when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity); however, was itself only part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.

Primeval times (c. 3400000 – c. 3500 BC)

Stone Age (c. 3400000 – c. 5000 BC)

Late Epipalaeolithic (c. 13000 – c. 10000 BC)

Prehistoric North Africa (c. 300000 – c. 2950 BC)

Qadan culture (c. 13000 – c. 9000 BC)

• Prehistoric Sudan (c. 17000 – c. 2500 BC)
  • Mesolithic Sudan (c. 17000 – c. 3800 BC)
    • Qadan culture (c. 13000 – c. 9000 BC)
      • Prehistoric warfare (c. 33000 – c. 3500 BC)
        • Persistent pattern of conflict, systemic intergroup violence, and/or warfare in Jebel Sahaba, Sudan (radiocarbon dated to c. 11,600 to 14,340 years Before Present)

Protohistoric times (c. 3500 – c. 3100 BC)

Copper Age (c. 5000 – c. 3300 BC)

Early Chalcolithic (c. 5000 – c. 4500 BC)

Ubaid period (c. 6500 – c. 3800 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

• Prehistoric Iraq (c. 60000 – c. 3500 BC)
  • Neolithic Mesopotamia (c. 17000 – c. 3800 BC)
    • Sumerian civilization (c. 5500, c. 3300 – c. 2500, c. 530 BC)
      • Ubaid culture (c. 6500, c. 5500 – c. 3800, c. 3700 BC)
        • Warfare in Sumer (c. 5500, c. 3300 – c. 2334, c. 1390 BC)
          • Hypothesized invasion, absorption, and/or subsequent replacement of the archaeological culture of the Halafians by that of Ubaidians, Samarrans, Proto-Euphrateans, Urukeans, and/or Sumerians c. 5850 – c. 3200 BC.

Late Chalcolithic (c. 4500 – c. 3300 BC)

Uruk period (c. 4000 – c. 3100 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

• Sumerian civilization (c. 5500, c. 3300 – c. 2500, c. 530 BC)
  • Warfare in Sumer (c. 5500, c. 3300 – c. 2500, c. 530 BC)
    • Uruk period (c. 4000 – c. 3100 BC)
      • Middle Uruk phase (c. 3800 – c. 3400 BC)
        • Siege of Hamoukar (c. 3500 BC)
      • Late and/or final Uruk phase(s) (c. 3400 – c. 2900 BC)
        • Uruk level/layer(s) V, IV, and/or III (c. 3400 – c. 2900 BC)
          • The various early kings, governors, and/or lords of the first dynasty of Uruk (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC); as well as, their wars, campaigns, conquests and/or other military activities:
            • Reign of Enmerkar (reigned c. 3400, c. 3100, c. 2750 BC)
              • Enmerkar's expeditions to Aratta
                • Siege of Aratta

Naqada period (c. 4000 – c. 2900 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

• Egyptian Civilization (c. 3273, 3200, 3150, 3100 BC – c. AD 641)
  • Naqada period (c. 4000, 3900, 3800, 3700 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
    • Upper Egypt (c. 3400 – c. 3150 BC)
      • Naqada III phase (c. 3300, 3200 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
        • Thinite Confederacy (c. 3300, 3200 – c. 3150, 3100 BC)
          • Early dynastic period of Egypt (c. 3273 – c. 2584 BC)
            • First dynasty of Egypt (c. 3273 – c. 2900 BC)
              • Narmer (r. c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3114 BC)
                • Narmer's wars of unification

Ancient times (c. 3100 BC – c. AD 500)

Early Bronze Age I (c. 3300 – c. 3000 BC)

Jemdet Nasr period (c. 3100 – c. 2900 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

Uruk I Dynasty (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)

Ninevite 5 period (c. 2900 – c. 2600 BC)

Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)

Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)

Proto-Elamite period (c. 3500 – c. 2700 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

• Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
  • Proto-Elamite period (c. 3500 – c. 2700 BC)
    • Reign of Enmebaragesi (r. c. 2750 – c. 2700, c. 2615 – c. 2585 BC)
      • Elamite campaign (c. 2750 BC)

Protodynastic period of Egypt (c. 3400 – c. 2900 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Dynasty 00 (c. 3650 – c. 3250 BC)

• Egyptian civilization (c. 4000, c. 3900, c. 3800, c. 3700, c. 3500, c. 3300, c. 3200, c. 3100 BC – c. AD 641)
  • Naqada culture (c. 4000, 3900, 3800, 3700 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
    • Upper Egypt (c. 3400, c. 3250 – c. 3150, c. 3100 BC)
      • Naqada III phase (c. 3300, 3200 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
        • Thinite Confederacy (c. 4000 – c. 2584 BC)
          • Reign of Scorpion I (r. 3400, c. 3300 – c. 3250, c. 3200 – c. 3150, c. 3000 BC)
            • Scorpion I's wars of the unification of Upper Egypt against Bull (c. 3250 BC)

Dynasty 0 (c. 3250 – c. 2950 BC)

• Egyptian civilization (c. 4000, c. 3900, c. 3800, c. 3700, c. 3500, c. 3300, c. 3200, c. 3100 BC – c. AD 641)
  • Naqada culture (c. 4000, 3900, 3800, 3700 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
    • Naqada III phase (c. 3300, 3200 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
      • Lower Egypt (c. 3500 – c. 3150, c. 3100 BC)
        • Reign of Wash (r. c. 3150 BC)
          • Narmer's campaigns
            • Narmer's campaign against Wash (c. 3150 BC)
      • Upper Egypt (c. 3400, c. 3250 – c. 3150, c. 3100 BC)
        • Thinite Confederacy (c. 4000 – c. 2584 BC)
          • Reign of Narmer (r. c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3114 – c. 3211, c. 3107, c. 2950 BC)
            • Narmer's campaigns
              • Narmer's campaign against Wash (c. 3150 BC)
              • Narmer's wars of unification (c. 3100 BC)

Early Dynastic period of Egypt (c. 3400 – c. 2686 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Dynasty I (c. 3400 – c. 2890 BC)

• Egyptian civilization (c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3211, c. 3150, c. 3114, c. 3107, c. 3100, c. 3045 – c. AD 641)
  • Naqada culture (c. 4000, c. 3900, c. 3800, c. 3700 – c. 3000, c. 2900 BC)
    • Naqada III phase (c. 3300, c. 3200 – c. 3000, c. 2900 BC)
      • Hor-Aha's campaign against the Nubians at Ta-Seti (c. 3100 – c. 3050 BC)
      • War of the Egyptian succession (c. 2890 BC)

Dynasty II (c. 2890 – c. 2584 BC)

• Egyptian civilization (c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3211, c. 3150, c. 3114, c. 3107, c. 3100, c. 3045 – c. AD 641)
  • Khasekhemwy (r. c. 2705, c. 2690, c. 2648, c. 2602 – c. 2687, c. 2670, c. 2649, c. 2584 BC)
    • Khasekhemwy's War of Reunification (c. 2705, c. 2690, c. 2602 – c. 2687, c. 2670, c. 2584 BC)

Nubian civilization (c. 3800 BC – c. AD 1509)

Dynasty I (c. 3400 – c. 2890 BC)

• Hor-Aha's campaign against the Nubians at Ta-Seti (c. 3100 – c. 3050 BC)

Early Bronze Age II (c. 3000 – c. 2700 BC)

ED I period of Mesopotamia (c. 2900 – c. 2700 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

Uruk I Dynasty (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)

Sumer (c. 5500, c. 5400, c. 4500, c. 4000, c. 3300 – c. 2334, c. 2230, c. 2004, c. 1900, c. 1763 BC)

• Warfare in Sumer (c. 5500, c. 5400, c. 4500, c. 4000, c. 3300 – c. 2334, c. 2230, c. 2004, c. 1900, c. 1763 BC)
  • Early Dynastic I (ED I) period of Mesopotamia (c. 2900, 2800 – c. 2750, 2600 BC)
    • The early kings, governors, and/or lords of the first dynasty of Uruk (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)
      • Dumuzid, the Fisherman (r. c. 2700 BC)
        • Campaigns of the king of the first dynasty of Kish (Enmebaragesi r. c. 2750 – c. 2700 BC)
          • Enmebaragesi's Invasion of Uruk (c. 2700 BC)
          • Capture of Kuara (c. 2700 BC)
          • Capture of Isin (c. 2700 BC)
          • Capture of Kesh (c. 2700 BC)
          • Capture of Eresh (c. 2700 BC)
          • Capture of Nippur (c. 2700 BC)

Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)

Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)

• Reign of Aga (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650, c. 2670 – c. 2585 BC)
  • c. 2700 – c. 2670 BC: Conquest of Umma
  • c. 2700 – c. 2670 BC: Conquest of Zabala
  • c. 2700 – c. 2650 BC: Siege of Uruk
  • Campaigns of Gilgamesh (c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC)

Early Bronze Age III (c. 2700 – c. 2200 BC)

Old kingdom of Egypt (c. 2686 – c. 2181 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Dynasty III (c. 2686 – c. 2613 BC)

• Reign of Djoser (r. c. 2687, c. 2668, c. 2686, c. 2630 – c. 2668, c. 2649, c. 2648, c. 2611 BC)
  • Djoser's military expeditions (c. 2687, c. 2686, c. 2630 – c. c. 2668, c. 2648, c. 2611 BC)

Dynasty IV (c. 2613 – c. 2494 BC)

Dynasty V (c. 2494 – c. 2345 BC)

Dynasty VI (c. 2345 – c. 2181 BC)

ED II period of Mesopotamia (c. 2700 – c. 2600 BC)

Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)

Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)

• Reign of Aga (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650, c. 2670 – c. 2585 BC)
  • c. 2700 – c. 2670 BC: Conquest of Umma
  • c. 2700 – c. 2670 BC: Conquest of Zabala
  • c. 2700 – c. 2650 BC: Siege of Uruk
  • Campaigns of Gilgamesh (c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

Uruk I Dynasty (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)

• Gilgamesh (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650 BC)
  • c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC: Campaigns of Gilgamesh
    • c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC: Capture of Nippur

ED IIIa period of Mesopotamia (c. 2600 – c. 2450 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

Ur I Dynasty (c. 2700 – c. 2400 BC)

• c. 2700 – c. 2400 BC: First dynasty of Ur
  • c. 2700 – c. 2550 BC: Conquests(s) of Meskalamdug and/or Akalamdug
    • c. 2620 – c. 2550 BC: Conquest of Uruk (from Udul-kalama)
  • c. 2550 – c. 2500 BC: Campaigns of Mesilim from Kish
    • c. 2550 – c. 2500 BC: Vassalization of Ur (from Meskalamdug, Akalamdug, or Puabi)
    • c. 2550 – c. 2500 BC: Vassalization of Adab (from Nin-kisalsi)
    • c. 2550 – c. 2500 BC: Vassalization of Lagash (from En-hegal and/or Lugalshaengur)
  • c. 2500 – c. 2485 BC: Reign of Mesannepada
    • c. 2500 – c. 2485 BC: Conquest of Uruk
    • c. 2500 – c. 2485 BC: Capture of Nippur

Lagash I Dynasty (c. 2570 – c. 2342 BC)

• Reign of Ur-Nanshe (r. c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
  • Conquests of Ur-Nanshe (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
    • Conquest of Nina (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
    • Conquest of Girsu (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
    • Conquest of Apsubanda (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
    • Conquest of Uruazagga (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
    • Conquest of Erim (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
    • Border conflict with Umma (c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC)
      • Conquest of Umma (from Pabilgagaltuku)
• Reign of Eannatum (r. c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC)
  • Conquest of Sumer (c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC)
    • Conquest of Akshak (from Zuzu c. 2457 BC)
    • Conquest of Nippur (c. 2450 BC)
    • Border conflict with Umma (c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC)
      • Conquest of Umma (from Ush c. 2445 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (from Enbi-Ishtar and/or Lugalngu c. 2430 BC)
    • Conquest of Uruk (c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC)
    • Conquest of Ur (c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC)
    • Conquest of Larsa (c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC)

Umma I Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2355 BC)

Adab Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2270 BC)

• c. 2600 – c. 2350 BC: Lugalannemundu's conquest of the four quarters of the world
  • c. 2373 – c. 2350 BC: Conquest of Adab (by Sharrumiter of Mari)

Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)

Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)

• Reign of Aga (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650, c. 2670 – c. 2585 BC)
  • c. 2700 – c. 2670 BC: Conquest of Umma
  • c. 2700 – c. 2670 BC: Conquest of Zabala
  • c. 2700 – c. 2650 BC: Siege of Uruk
  • Campaigns of Gilgamesh (c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC)

Kish II Dynasty (c. 2570 – c. 2430 BC)

• Reign of Enbi-Ishtar or Lugalngu (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
  • Campaigns of Hadanish (from Hamazi) (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)

Mari I Dynasty (c. 2900 – c. 2550 BC)

• Reign of Sharrumiter (r. c. 2373 – c. 2364 BC)
  • Conquests of Sharrumiter (c. 2373 – c. 2364 BC)
    • Conquest of Adab (c. 2373 – c. 2364 BC)

Akshak Dynasty (c. 2470 – c. 2330 BC)

• Campaigns of Ishu-Il (r. c. 2391 – c. 2367 BC)
  • Conquest of Kish (from the Kishite queen by the name of Kubaba who r. c. 2430 – c. 2360 BC)

ED IIIb period of Mesopotamia (c. 2450 – c. 2334 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

Ur I Dynasty (c. 2700 – c. 2400 BC)

• Reign of Elulu (r. c. 2480 – c. 2455, c. 2450 – c. 2425 BC)
  • Conquests of Enshakushanna (c. 2440 – c. 2430 BC)
    • Conquest of Ur (c. 2440 – c. 2430 BC)

Uruk I Dynasty (c. 2500 – c. 2355 BC)

• Reign of Enshakushanna (r. c. 2440 – c. 2430, c. 2430 – c. 2400 BC)
  • Campaigns of Enshakushanna (c. 2440 – c. 2400 BC)
    • Conquest of Ur (from his father Elulu c. 2440 – c. 2425 BC)
    • Conquest of Nippur (c. 2440 – c. 2425 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (from Enbi-Ishtar c. 2430 – c. 2400 BC)
    • Conquest of Akshak (from Unzi c. 2429 – c. 2400 BC)
    • Conquest of Akkad (c. 2429 – c. 2400 BC)

Ur II Dynasty (c. 2455 – c. 2112 BC)

c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC: Reign of Nanni

• c. 2430 BC: Conquest of Uruk (from Enshakushanna)

Lagash I Dynasty (c. 2570 – c. 2342 BC)

c. 2425 – c. 2405 BC: Reign of Enannatum I

• c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC: Border conflict with Umma
  • c. 2420 BC: Conquest of Umma (from Ur-Lumma)

c. 2405 – c. 2375 BC: Reign of Enannatum I

• c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC: Border conflict with Umma
  • c. 2405 – c. 2375 BC: Conquest of Umma (from Il)

Umma I Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2355 BC)

Adab Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2270 BC)

• c. 2600 – c. 2350 BC: Lugalannemundu's conquest of the four quarters of the world
  • c. 2373 BC: Conquest of Adab (by Sharrumiter of Mari)

Uruk III Dynasty (c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC)

• c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC: Reign of Lugalzagesi
  • c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC: Conquests of Lugalzagesi
    • c. 2355 BC: Conquest of Umma (inherited from his father Ukush)
    • c. 2350 BC: Conquest of Adab (from E-iginimpa'e)
    • c. 2348 BC: Conquest of Uruk (from Enshakushanna, Lugalkinishedudu, Lugal-kisalsi, and/or Argandea)
    • c. 2342 BC: Conquest of Lagash (from Urukagina)
    • c. 2340 BC: Conquest of Ur
    • Conquest of Larsa
    • Conquest of Nippur
    • Conquest of Zabala
    • Conquest of Ki’ana

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Dynasty of Awan (c. 2550 – c. 2100 BC)

c. 2550 – c. 2450 BC: Elamite conquests in Sumer

• c. 2550 – c. 2450 BC: Elamite conquest of Ur (from A'annepada)
  • c. 2550 – c. 2450 BC: Conquest of Umma
  • c. 2550 – c. 2450 BC: Conquest of Lagash

Dynasty of Hamazi (c. 2570 – c. 2010 BC)

c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC: Conquests of Hadanish

Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)

Second dynasty of Kish (c. 2570 – c. 2430 BC)

• Reign of Enbi-Ishtar or Lugalngu (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
  • Campaigns of Hadanish (from Hamazi), Enshakushanna (from Uruk), or Enannatum I (from Lagash)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)

Third dynasty of Kish (c. 2430 – c. 2360 BC)

• Reign of Kubaba (r. c. 2430 – c. 2360 BC)
  • Campaigns of Ishu-Il (from Akshak) (r. c. 2391 – c. 2367 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2391 – c. 2367 BC)

Fourth dynasty of Kish (c. 2360 – c. 2254 BC)

• Reign of Ur-Zababa (r. c. 2340 – c. 2334 BC)
  • Campaigns of Lugalzagesi (from Uruk) (r. c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC)

First Mariote kingdom (c. 2900 – c. 2550 BC)

Second Mariote kingdom (c. 2500 – c. 2290 BC)

• c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Campaigns of Ansud
  • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
    • c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Conquest of Aburu
    • c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Conquest of Ilgi
    • c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Conquest of Belan
• c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Campaigns of Saʿumu
  • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
    • c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Tibalat
    • c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Ilwani
    • c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Ra'ak
    • c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Nirum
    • c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Ashaldu
    • c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Badul
• c. 2400 BC: Campaigns of Ishtup-Ishar
  • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
    • c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Lalanium
    • c. 2400 BC: Conquest of Emar
• c. 2380 BC: Campaigns of Iblul-Il
  • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Galalaneni
    • c. 2380 BC: Destruction of Zahiran
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Shadab
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Addalini
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Arisum
    • c. 2380 BC: Sack of Sharan
    • c. 2380 BC: Sack of Dammium
    • c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Mane
    • c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Emar
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Nahal
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Nubat
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Sha-da
    • c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Barama
    • c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Aburu
    • c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Tibalat
    • c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Belan
    • c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Lalanium
    • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Conquest of Burman
    • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Defeat of Nagar
• c. 2320 – c. 2300 BC: Campaigns of Hidar
  • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
    • c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Battle of Terqa
• c. 2330 – c. 2300 BC: Campaigns of Ishqi-Mari
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
    • c. 2330 – c. 2280 BC: Destruction of Mari

Dynasty of Akshak (c. 2470 – c. 2330 BC)

• Reign of Unzi (c. 2459 – c. 2429 BC)
  • Conquest of Akshak (by Enshakushanna c. 2429 BC)
• Reign of Puzur-Nirah (c. 2411 – c. 2391 BC)
  • Conquest of Akshak (by Kubaba c. 2391 BC)

Early Period of Assyria (c. 2600 – c. 2025 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

c. 2600 – c. 2025 BC: Subartu

• c. 2570 – c. 2341 BC: First Dynasty of Lagash
  • c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC: Conquests of Eannatum
    • c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC: Conquest of Nineveh
• c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC: Sargonic dynasty
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
    • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Gasur
    • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Assur
    • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Nineveh
    • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Qattara

Akkadian period (c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC)

Akkadian civilization (c. 2334 – c. 1736 BC)

Sargonic dynasty (c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC)

• c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Eshnunna
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Tutub
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Sippar
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Sippar-Amnanum
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Kutha
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Dilbat
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Der
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Nerebtum
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Larak
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Mashkan-shapir
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Eresh
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Kesh
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquest of Urum
  • Battle of Uruk (against Lugalzagesi)
  • Conquest of Ur (from Nanni)
  • Conquest of Umma
  • Conquest of Lagash
  • Conquest of Larsa
  • Conquest of Girsu
  • Conquest of Kisurra
  • Vassalization of Adab (from Meskigal)
  • Conquest of Nippur
  • c. 2330 – c. 2280 BC: Destruction of Mari
  • c. 2300 – c. 2280 BC: Destruction of Nagar
  • c. 2300 – c. 2280 BC: Destruction of Shekhna
  • c. 2300 – c. 2280 BC: Conquest of Urkesh
  • c. 2300 – c. 2280 BC: Conquest of Nabada
  • c. 2300 – c. 2280 BC: Conquest of Tuttul
• c. 2278 – c. 2270 BC: Rimush's destruction of Sumerian city-states
  • Reconquest of Ur
  • Reconquest of Umma
  • Reconquest of Adab (from Meskigal)
  • Reconquest of Lagash
  • Reconquest of Der
  • Reconquest of Kazallu
• c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Reign of Naram-Suen
  • c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Conquests of Naram-Suen of Akkad
    • c. 2244 – c. 2123 BC: Gutian Incursions
    • Magan revolt
• c. 2218 – c. 2193 BC: Reign of Sharkalisharri
  • c. 2218 – c. 2193 BC: Battle at Akshak (against Elamites)
  • c. 2244 – c. 2123 BC: Gutian Incursions
    • c. 2202 – c. 2196 BC: Victory against Sarlagab (from Gutium)
  • c. 2200 BC: Loss of Lagash (to Puzer-Mama)

Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Awan dynasty (c. 2550 – c. 2100 BC)

• c. 2750 – c. 2700 BC: Enmebaragesi's Elamite campaign (from Kish)
• c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
  • c. 2331 – c. 2300 BC: Conquest of Elam
    • c. 2331 BC: Conquest of Awan (from Luh-ishan)
    • c. 2331 BC: Conquest of Anshan
• c. 2280 – c. 2268 BC: Reconquests of Rimush of Akkad
  • c. 2280 – c. 2268 BC: Reconquest of Awan (from Emahsini)

Hamazi kingdom (c. 2570 – c. 2010 BC)

• Reign of Zizi (r. c. 2570 – c. 2450 BC)
  • Conquest of Hamazi (by the governor from Kish by the name of Uhub c. 2570 – c. 2550 BC)
• Reign of Hadanish (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
  • Campaigns of Hadanish (from Hamazi) (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
    • Conquest of Kish (c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
  • Conquest of Hamazi (by Enshakushanna c. 2430 BC)

Simurrum kingdom (c. 2334 – c. 1595 BC)

c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC: Akkadian Period

• c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC: Sargonic dynasty
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Reign of Sargon of Akkad
    • c. 2334 – c. 2235 BC: War against Simurrum
      • c. 2334 BC: Conquest of Simurrum
  • c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Reign of Naram-Suen of Akkad
    • c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Conquests of Naram-Suen of Akkad
      • c. 2334 – c. 2235 BC: War against Simurrum
        • c. 2235 BC: Conquest of Simurrum (from Baba)

Pashime kingdom (c. 2334 – c. 1595 BC)

Marhasi kingdom (c. 2550 – c. 562 BC)

c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC: Akkadian Period

• c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC: Sargonic dynasty
  • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Reign of Sargon of Akkad
    • c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
      • c. 2334 – c. 2331 BC: Conquest of Marhasi
  • c. 2279 – c. 2270 BC: Reign of Rimush of Akkad
    • c. 2277 BC: Campaigns against Elam and Marhashi of Rimush of Akkad
      • c. 2277 BC: Conquest of Marhasi (from Abalgamash)

Susiana kingdom (c. 4400 BC – c. AD 1218)

Conquests of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC)

• Conquest of Elam (c. 2331 – c. 2300 BC)
  • Conquest of Susa (c. 2331 BC)

Lulubum kingdom (c. 3500 – c. 675 BC)

c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Campaigns of Naram-Suen

• c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Conquest of Lulubum

Gutium kingdom (c. 2600 – c. 500 BC)

• Conquests of Lugalannemundu of Adab (c. 2600 – c. 2350 BC)
• Akkadian Period (c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC)
  • Conquests of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC)
  • Campaigns of Naram-Suen of Akkad (c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC)
    • Gutian Incursions (c. 2244 – c. 2119 BC)
      • Victory of Anubanini (from Lulubum)
  • Campaigns of Sharkalisharri of Akkad (c. 2218 – c. 2193 BC)
    • Gutian Incursions (c. 2244 – c. 2119 BC)
      • Victory against Sarlagab (c. 2202 – c. 2196 BC)
• Ur III Period (c. 2124 – c. 2004 BC)
  • Conquests of Utu-hengal of Uruk (c. 2124 – c. 2113 BC)
    • Victory against Tirigan (c. 2124, c. 2123, c. 2120, c. 2119 BC)
  • Campaigns of Ur-Nammu of Ur (c. 2101 – c. 2095 BC)

Shimashki kingdom (c. 2200 – c. 1900 BC)

• Campaigns of Kindattu (c. 2027 – c. 2001 BC)
  • Invasion by Elam (c. 2020 – c. 2004 BC)
    • Sack of Ur (c. 2004 BC)
    • Defeat by Ishbi-Erra of Isin (c. 2001, c. 1983 BC)

Early Bronze Age IV (c. 2200 – c. 2100 BC)

4.2 kiloyear event (c. 2250 – c. 1800 BC)

First Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 2181 – c. 2055 BC)

• The 4.2 kiloyear event triggered famines, social disorder, and fragmentation contributing to the decline and/or collapse of the Old kingdom (in Egypt); as well as, the empires of both Akkad and Ur (in Mesopotamia) throughout the c. 2250 to c. 1800 BC period.

Dynasty VII (c. 2181 BC)

Dynasty VIII (c. 2181 – c. 2160 BC)

Dynasty IX (c. 2160 – c. 2130 BC)

Dynasty X (c. 2130 – c. 2040 BC)

Akkadian period (c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC)

Akkadian interregnum (c. 2193 – c. 2189 BC)

Final kings of Akkad (c. 2189 – c. 2154 BC)

• c. 2189 – c. 2169 BC: Reign of Dudu
  • Reconquest of Girsu
  • Reconquest of Umma

Second dynasty of Lagash (c. 2260 – c. 2023 BC)

Fourth dynasty of Uruk (c. 2254 – c. 2124 BC)

Gutian period (c. 2154 – c. 2123 BC)

Dynasty of Gutium (c. 2244 – c. 2119 BC)

c. 2154 – c. 2123 BC: Gutian period

• c. 2254 – c. 2124 BC: Fourth Dynasty of Uruk
  • c. 2193 BC: Conquest of Akkad
• c. 2244 – c. 2123 BC: Dynasty of Gutium
  • c. 2200 – c. 2211 BC: Conquest of Nippur (by Erridupizir)
  • c. 2211 – c. 2124 BC: Conquest of Uruk (by Imta, Inkishush, and/or Shulme)
  • c. 2190 – c. 2184 BC: Conquest of Akkad (by Ilulu and/or Elulmesh)
  • c. 2193 – c. 2144 BC: Conquest of Lagash
  • c. 2130 – c. 2123 BC: Conquest of Umma (by Siium)

Second dynasty of Umma (c. 2130 – c. 2113 BC)

Ur III period (c. 2124 – c. 2004 BC)

Fifth dynasty of Uruk (c. 2124 – c. 2113 BC)

c. 2124 – c. 2113 BC: Reign of Utu-hengal

• c. 2124 – c. 2119 BC: Conquest of Gutium

Third dynasty of Ur (c. 2112 – c. 2004 BC)

c. 2112 – c. 2095 BC: Reign of Ur-Nammu

• c. 2112 – c. 2095 BC: Conquest of Lagash

Middle Bronze Age I (c. 2100 – c. 2000 BC)

Ur III period (c. 2124 – c. 2004 BC)

Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)

Third dynasty of Ur (c. 2112 – c. 2004 BC)

c. 2095 – c. 2047 BC: Reign of Shulgi

• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Nippur
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Puzrish-Dagan
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Isin
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Shuruppak
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Uruk
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Larsa
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Umma
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Girsu
• c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Larak
• c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Der
• c. 2083 BC: Conquest of Kazallu
• c. 2067 BC: Conquest of Eridu

c. 2028 – c. 2004 BC: Reign of Ibbi-Sin

• c. 2020 – c. 2004 BC: Invasion by Elam
  • c. 2004 BC: Sack of Ur

Middle Bronze Age II A (c. 2000 – c. 1750 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)

Shimashki dynasty (c. 2100 – c. 1973 BC)

Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)

• Campaigns of Siwe-Palar-Khuppak (r. c. 1778 – c. 1762 BC)
  • Defeat of Ibal-pi-el II from Eshnunna (c. 1767 – c. 1765 BC)
  • Defeat of Siwe-Palar-Khuppak and his general Kunnam by Hammurabi from Babylon (c. 1762 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2055 – c. 1650 BC)

Eleventh dynasty of Egypt (c. 2150 – c. 1991 BC)

• c. 2060 – c. 2009 BC: Mentuhotep II's military activities in Canaan

Twelfth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1991 – c. 1802 BC)

Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1803 – c. 1649 BC)

Akkadian civilization (c. 2500 – c. 1736 BC)

Isin-Larsa period (c. 2025 – c. 1763 BC)

Dynasty of Larsa (c. 2025 – c. 1763 BC)

Dynasty of Isin (c. 2017 – c. 1792 BC)

c. 2017 – c. 1985 BC: Reign of Ishbi-Erra

• c. 1990 BC: Liberation of Ur

c. 1794 – c. 1792 BC: Reign of Damiq-ilishu

• c. 1794 – c. 1792 BC: Damiq-ilishu of Isin's defeat by Sin-Muballit of Babylon

Sixth dynasty of Uruk (c. 1865 – c. 1802 BC)

Third Mariote kingdom (c. 2330 – c. 1761 BC)

• c. 1830 – c. 1761 BC: Lim dynasty
  • c. 1776 – c. 1761 BC: Conquests of Zimri-Lim

Kingdom of Nagar (c. 2600 – c. 2300 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)

Dynasty of Puzur-Ashur (c. 2025 – c. 1808 BC)

Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad (c. 1808 – c. 1720 BC)

c. 1833 – c. 1775 BC: Conquests of Shamshi-Adad I

• c. 1833 – c. 1808 BC: Conquests of Shekhna, Ekallatum, and Assur
  • c. 1833 – c. 1808 BC: Conquest of Terqa
  • c. 1815 – c. 1808 BC: Conquest of Ekallatum
  • c. 1815 – c. 1808 BC: Conquest of Shekhna
  • c. 1815 – c. 1808 BC: Conquest of Assur
• c. 1808 – c. 1780 BC: War against Eshnunna
  • c. 1808 – c. 1780 BC: Conquest of Shaduppum
  • c. 1808 – c. 1780 BC: Conquest of Nerebtum
  • c. 1808 – c. 1780 BC: Conquest of Erbil
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Gasur
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Arrapha
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Kurda
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Nagar
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Kahat
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Asnakkum
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Urkesh
• c. 1808 – c. 1803 BC: Conquest of Harran
• c. 1804 – c. 1795 BC: Conquest of Rapiqum
• c. 1804 – c. 1795 BC: Conquest of Hit
• c. 1804 – c. 1795 BC: Conquest of Suhum
  • c. 1804 – c. 1795 BC: Conquest of Anah
• c. 1804 – c. 1795 BC: Conquest of Mari
• c. 1796 – c. 1781 BC: Campaign against Qabra and Nurugum
  • c. 1796 – c. 1781 BC: Conquest of Nineveh
  • c. 1796 – c. 1781 BC: Conquest of Shusharra
  • c. 1796 – c. 1781 BC: Conquest of Qattara
  • c. 1796 – c. 1781 BC: Conquest of Andarig
  • c. 1796 – c. 1781 BC: Conquest of Tuttul

Seven usurpers (c. 1720 – c. 1700 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

First dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1894 – c. 1595 BC)

Reign of Sumu-abum (c. 1894 – c. 1881 BC)

• c. 1892 – c. 1882 BC: Conquests of Sumu-abum
  • c. 1892 BC: Conquest of Elip
  • c. 1886 BC: Conquest of Dilbat
  • c. 1885 BC: Conquest of Kish
• c. 1882 – c. 1833 BC: War against Kazallu
  • c. 1882 BC: Sack of Kazallu

c. 1881 – c. 1845 BC: Reign of Sumu-la-El

• c. 1868 – c. 1850 BC: Campaigns of Sumu-la-El
  • c. 1868 BC: War against Kisz
    • c. 1882 – c. 1833 BC: War against Kazallu
• c. 1894 – c. 1881 BC: Conquests of Sumu-la-El
  • c. 1854 BC: Conquest of Kutha
  • c. 1853 BC: Conquest of Borsippa
  • c. 1852 BC: Conquest of Sippar
  • c. 1850 BC: Conquest of Habuz

c. 1845 – c. 1831 BC: Reign of Sabium

• c. 1844 – c. 1833 BC: Campaigns of Sabium
  • c. 1844 BC: Conquest of Kar-Szamasz
  • c. 1839 BC: War against Larsa
  • c. 1882 – c. 1833 BC: War against Kazallu
    • c. 1833 BC: Siege of Kazallu

c. 1831 – c. 1813 BC: Reign of Apil-Sin

• c. 1827 BC: Campaigns of Apil-Sin
  • c. 1827 BC: Conquest of Nurum

c. 1813 – c. 1792 BC: Reign of Sin-Muballit

• • • c. 1813 – c. 1792 BC: Campaigns of Sin-Muballit
      • c. 1800 – c. 1763 BC: War against Larsa
      • c. 1813 – c. 1792 BC: Conquests of Sin-Muballit
        • c. 1813 BC: Conquest of Syarbat
        • c. 1802 BC: Conquest of Marad
        • c. 1797 BC: Capture of Isin
  • c. 1792 – c. 1750 BC: Reign of Hammurabi
    • c. 1792 – c. 1750 BC: Campaigns of Hammurabi
      • c. 1800 – c. 1763 BC: War against Larsa
        • c. 1787 BC: Conquest of Isin
        • c. 1764 BC: Attack on Mashkan-shapir
        • c. 1763 BC: Conquest of Larsa
      • c. 1792 – c. 1750 BC: Conquests of Hammurabi
        • c. 1789 BC: Conquest of Sziramah
        • c. 1787 BC: Conquest of Uruk
        • c. 1784 BC: Capture of Emutbal
        • c. 1783 BC: Conquest of Malgium
        • c. 1782 BC: Conquest of Rapiqum
        • c. 1782 BC: Conquest of Szalibi
        • c. 1762 BC: Capture of Eshnunna

Middle Bronze Age II B (c. 1750 – c. 1650 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

First dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1894 – c. 1595 BC)

Second dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1732 – c. 1460 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)

Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad (c. 1808 – c. 1720 BC)

Seven usurpers (c. 1720 – c. 1680 BC)

Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

Old Hittite kingdom (c. 1740 – c. 1460 BC)

• Reign of Pithana (r. c. 1798 – c. 1740 BC)
  • Conquests of Pithana (c. 1798 – c. 1740 BC)
    • Conquest of Kanesh (c. 1798 – c. 1740 BC)
• Reign of Anitta (r. c. 1740 – c. 1725 BC)
  • Conquests of Anitta (c. 1740 – c. 1725 BC)
    • Conquest of Zalpuwa (from Huzziya c. 1740 – c. 1725 BC)
    • Conquest of Hattusa (from Piyusti c. 1740 – c. 1725 BC)
• Reign of Labarna I (r. c. 1680 – c. 1650 BC)
  • Conquests of Labarna I (c. 1680 – c. 1650 BC)
    • Conquest of Tuwanuwa (c. 1680 – c. 1650 BC)
• Reign of Hattusili I (r. c. 1650 – c. 1620, c. 1586 – c. 1556 BC)
  • Conquests of Hattusili I (c. 1650 – c. 1620 BC)
    • Conquest of Alalakh (c. 1679, c. 1678, c. 1585, c. 1584 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)

Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Middle kingdom of Egypt (c. 2055 – c. 1650 BC)

Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1803 – c. 1649 BC)

Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1725 – c. 1650 BC)

Middle Bronze Age II C (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

Second dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1732 – c. 1460 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

c. 1507 BC: Kassite attacks on Babylon

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)

Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad (c. 1808 – c. 1720 BC)

Seven usurpers (c. 1720 – c. 1680 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

Old Hittite kingdom (c. 1740 – c. 1460 BC)

• Reign of Mursili I (r. c. 1620 – c. 1590, c. 1556 – c. 1526 BC)
  • Conquests of Mursili I (c. 1620 – c. 1590 BC)
    • Conquest of Halab (from Hammurabi III c. 1600 BC)
    • Sack of Babylon (c. 1736, c. 1651, c. 1595, c. 1531, c. 1499 BC)
  • Regicide of Mursili I (c. 1590, c. 1526 BC)
• Reign of Hantili I (r. c. 1590 – c. 1560, c. 1526 – c. 1496 BC)
  • Regicide of Mursili I (c. 1590, c. 1526 BC)
  • Campaigns of Hantili I (c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC)
    • Syrian campaign (c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC)
      • Campaign near Carchemish (c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC)
      • Capture of Tegarama (c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC)
• Reign of Zidanta I (r. c. 1560 – c. 1550, c. 1496 – c. 1486 BC)
  • Assassination of Pišeni (c. 1560, c. 1496 BC)
  • Patricide of Zidanta I (c. 1550, c. 1486 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)

Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)

Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)

Kidinuid dynasty (c. 1500 – c. 1390 BC)

Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1390 – c. 1100 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)

Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)

Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1649 – c. 1582 BC)

Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1580 – c. 1550 BC)

• Hyksos-Egyptian wars in Lower Egypt (c. 1580 – c. 1550 BC)
• Conquest of Hyksos-ruled Lower Egypt by Ahmose I of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550, c. 1549 – c. 1531 BC)

Late Bronze Age I (c. 1550 – c. 1400 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

Second dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1732 – c. 1460 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

c. 1507 BC: Kassite attacks on Babylon

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)

Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

• Reign of Nur-ili (r. c. 1485 – c. 1473, c. 1466 – c. 1454 BC)
  • Sack of Assur (by Shaushtatar c. 1473, c. 1454 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

Old Hittite kingdom (c. 1740 – c. 1460 BC)

• Reign of Zidanta I (r. c. 1560 – c. 1550, c. 1496 – c. 1486 BC)
  • Assassination of Pišeni (c. 1560, c. 1496 BC)
  • Patricide of Zidanta I (c. 1550, c. 1486 BC)
• Reign of Ammuna (r. c. 1550 – c. 1530, c. 1486 – c. 1466 BC)
  • Patricide of Zidanta I (c. 1550, c. 1486 BC)
  • Campaigns of Ammuna (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
    • Campaign against Neša (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
    • Campaign against Šattiwara (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
    • Campaign against Šuluki (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
• Reign of Huzziya I (r. c. 1530 – c. 1525, c. 1466 – c. 1461 BC)
  • Fratricide of Titiya (c. 1530, c. 1466 BC)
  • Fratricide of Hantili (c. 1530, c. 1466 BC)
• Reign of Telipinu (r. c. 1524, c. 1460 BC)
  • Kaska invasions (c. 1430 – c. 1350 BC)

Middle Hittite kingdom (c. 1460 – c. 1400 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)

Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)

Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)

Kidinuid dynasty (c. 1500 – c. 1390 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)

c. 1479 – c. 1425 BC: Thutmose III's military campaigns

• c. April 16, 1457 BC: Battle of Megiddo

Late Bronze Age II A (c. 1400 – c. 1300 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1000 BC)

Kidinuid dynasty (c. 1500 – c. 1370 BC)

• Campaigns of Tepti-Ahar (c. 1375 – c. 1370 BC)
  • Kassite capture of Susa (c. 1375 – c. 1370 BC)
  • Loss of Kabnak (c. 1375 – c. 1370 BC)
  • Defeat by Kadashman-Harbe I from Karduniaš (c. 1375 – c. 1370 BC)

Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1370 – c. 1217 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)

Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)

• Reign of Tudḫaliya I (r. c. 1410 – c. 1360 BC)
  • Campaigns of Tudḫaliya I against Assuwa (c. 1410 – c. 1360 BC)

Amarna period (c. 1353 – c. 1332 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)

• Reign of Akhenaten (r. c. 1353 – c. 1336, c. 1351 – c. 1334 BC)
  • Egyptian intervention in Canaan

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

• Reign of Kara-hardash (r. c. 1333 BC)
  • Babylonian revolt against the Assyrians (c. 1333 BC)
    • Regicide of Kara-hardash (c. 1333 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

• Reign of Ashur-uballit I (r. c. 1365 – c. 1330, c. 1353 – c. 1318 BC)
  • Battle of Sugagu (c. 1330 – c. 1308 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)

• Reign of Šuppiluliuma I (r. c. 1344 – c. 1322 BC)
  • Sack of Washukanni
• Reign of Muršili II (r. c. 1350 – c. 1328, c. 1318 – c. 1296 BC)
  • Campaigns of Muršili II against the Kaskians (c. 1340 – c. 1308 BC)
  • Campaigns of Muršili II against Hayasa-Azzi (c. 1340 – c. 1308 BC)

Phoenician civilization (c. 2500 – 64 BC)

• Reign of Rib-Hadda (r. c. 1340 BC)
  • Coup d'état in Tyre

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1370 – c. 1217 BC)

Late Bronze Age II B (c. 1300 – c. 1200 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)

Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1000 BC)

Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1370 – c. 1217 BC)

Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1217 – c. 970 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)

Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Mycenaean Greece (c. 1750 – c. 1050 BC)

Atreid dynasty (c. 1430 – c. 1050 BC)

• Mycenaean Greek campaigns (c. 1600 – c. 1050 BC)
  • Attarsiya's campaigns (c. 1430 – c. 1360 BC)
    • Campaign into Anatolia (c. 1430 – c. 1360 BC)
    • Campaign into Alashiya (c. 1430 – c. 1360 BC)

Late Bronze Age collapse (c. 1200 – c. 1020 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)

Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1292 – c. 1189 BC)

• Campaigns and battles of Ramesses II (r. c. 1279 – c. 1213 BC)
  • Battle against the Sherden, Lukka, and Shekelesh sea pirates (c. 1278 – c. 1277 BC)
  • Ramesses II campaigns in Syria (c. 1276 – c. 1269 BC)
    • First Syrian campaign (c. 1276 – c. 1275 BC)
    • Second Syrian campaign (c. 1275 – c. 1274 BC)
      • Battle of Kadesh (c. late-May 1274 BC)
    • Third Syrian campaign (c. 1273 – c. 1272 BC)
    • Later campaigns in Syria (c. 1272 – c. 1269 BC)
      • Siege of Dapur (1269 BC)

Twentieth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1189 – c. 1077 BC)

• The Late Bronze Age collapse caused the collapse of the New Kingdom of Egypt and subsequent attacks from Libyans—with associated people of Ekwesh, Shekelesh, Lukka, Shardana, and Tursha (or Teresh—possibly Troas—Trojans). A second attack during the reign of Ramesses III involved Peleset, Tjeker, Shardana and Denyen (c. 1206 – c. 1150 BC).
  • Egyptian-Sea People wars (c. 1178 BC)
    • Battle of the Delta (c. 1178 BC)
    • Battle of Djahy (c. 1178 BC)

Canaan (c. 1510 BC – c. AD 700)

Twelve Tribes of Israel (c. 1510 – c. 1050 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1510 – c. 63 BC)
  • Israelite campaigns (c. 1510 – c. 1010 BC)
    • Early Israelite campaigns (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
      • Battle of Jericho (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
      • Conquest of Ai (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
      • Battle of the Waters of Merom (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
      • Battle of Hazor (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
      • Battle of Gibeah (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
      • Lachish (c. 1510 – c. 1130 BC)
    • Later Israelite Campaigns (c. 1130 – c. 1062 BC)
      • temp. the Biblical judge by the name of Deborah (fl. c. 1250, c. 1107 – c. 1124, c. 1067 BC)
        • Battle of Mount Tabor (c. 1208 – c. 1067 BC)
      • temp. the Biblical judge by the name of Gideon (fl. c. 1208, c. 1177 – c. 1124, c. 1062 BC)
        • Spring of Harod
      • temp. the Biblical judge by the name of Eli (fl. c. 1062 – c. 1024 BC)
        • Battle of Aphek

United Monarchy of Israel (c. 1050 – c. 930 BC)

House of Saul (c. 1050 – c. 991 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah
  • Israelite Campaigns (c. 1510 – c. 1010 BC)
    • Later Israelite Campaigns (c. 1130 – c. 913 BC)
      • temp. Saul (r. c. 1050, c. 1047, c. 1037, c. 1030, c. 1021, c. 1020 – c. 1012, c. 1010, c. 1000 BC)
        • Battle of the Valley of Elah
        • Battle of Michmash (c. 1025 BC)
        • Battle of Mount Gilboa

House of David (c. 1010 – c. 586 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
  • Israelite campaigns (c. 1457 – c. 1010 BC)
    • Early Israelite campaigns (c. 1457 – c. 1130 BC)
      • temp. the Biblical king by the name of David (r. c. 1010 – c. 970, c. 1003 – c. 970 BC)
        • Battle of the Wood of Ephraim (c. 1020 BC)
        • Siege of Jebus (c. 1010 BC)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 776 BC)

Atreid dynasty (c. 1430 – c. 1050 BC)

• Mycenaean Greek campaigns (c. 1600 – c. 1050 BC)
  • Agamemnon's campaigns (c. 1260, c. 1194, c. 1184, c. 1180 BC)
    • Trojan War (c. 1260, c. 1194, c. 1184, c. 1180 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)

• Reign of Šuppiluliuma II (r. c. 1210 – c. 1200, c. 1207 – c. 1190, c. 1180, c. 1178 BC)
  • Sack of Hattusa (c. 1200, c. 1190, c. 1180, c. 1178 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)

Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1217 – c. 970 BC)

• Campaigns of Shutruk-Nakhunte (r. c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)
  • Destruction of Sippar (c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)
  • Elamite removal of the Kassites from power over Babylon (c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)
  • Elamite removal of the Kassites from power over Dur-Kurigalzu (c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

Iron Age I (c. 1150 – c. 1000 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)

Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1292 – c. 1189 BC)

• Seti's military campaigns (c. 1294, c. 1290 – c. 1279 BC)
• Ramesses II's campaigns and battles (c. 1279 – c. 1213 BC)
  • First Syrian campaign
  • Second Syrian campaign
    • Battle of Kadesh (c. May 1274 BC)
  • Third Syrian campaign

Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1189 – c. 1077 BC)

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 664 BC)

Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 945 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)

Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

• Tukulti-Ninurta I (r. c. 1232 – c. 1225 BC) defeated Kashtiliash IV (the Kassite king of Babylonia), and captured the city of Babylon to ensure full Assyrian supremacy over Mesopotamia

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)

Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1217 – c. 970 BC)

• Campaigns of Shutruk-Nakhunte (r. c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)
  • Destruction of Sippar (c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)
  • Elamite removal of the Kassites from power over Babylon (c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)
  • Elamite removal of the Kassites from power over Dur-Kurigalzu (c. 1217 – c. 1155 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)

Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)

• Enlil-nadin-ahi (r. c. 1157 – c. 1155 BC), the final king of the Kassite dynasty that had ruled over Babylon, was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte (the successor of Shutruk-Nakhunte of Elam)

Middle Babylonian period (c. 1155 – c. 729 BC)

Fourth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1155 – c. 1022 BC)

• Reign of Marduk-kabit-ahheshu (r. c. 1153 – c. 1136 BC)
• Nebuchadnezzar I's (r. c. 1125 – c. 1104 BC) war with Elam

Fifth Dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1021 – c. 1001 BC)

Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)

New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)

Iron Age II (c. 1000 – c. 550 BC)

Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 664 BC)

Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt (c. 1069 – c. 945 BC)

Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt (c. 945 – c. 720 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Neo-Elamite period (c. 1100 – c. 540 BC)

Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1200 – c. 970 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

Neo-Assyrian period (c. 934 – c. 609 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

• Campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 – 605 BC)
  • Rise of Neo-Assyria (911 – 859 BC)
    • Campaigns of Ashurnasirpal II (883 – 859 BC)
      • Ashurnasirpal II's campaigns in Lebanon (883 – 859 BC)
      • Battle of Suru (878 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Middle Babylonian period (c. 1155 – c. 729 BC)

Sixth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1000 – c. 981 BC)

Seventh dynasty of Babylonia (c. 980 – c. 975 BC)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Ancient Greece (c. 1200 – c. AD 284)

Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 776 BC)

Canaan (c. 1500 BC – c. AD 700)

First Temple period (c. 957 – c. 586 BC)

House of David (c. 1010 – c. 586 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
  • temp. the king by the name of Rehoboam (r. c. 931 – c. 913, c. 930 – c. 915 BC)
    • Jeroboam's Revolt (c. 931 – c. 913 BC)
      • Sack of Jerusalem (c. 925 BC)
      • Battle of Mount Zemaraim (c. 913 BC)

Northern kingdom (c. 930 – c. 720 BC)

First dynasty of the Northern kingdom (c. 931 – c. 900 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
  • temp. the king by the name of Jeroboam (r. c. 931 – c. 910, c. 922 – c. 901 BC)
    • Jeroboam's Revolt (c. 931 – c. 913 BC)
      • Sack of Jerusalem (c. 925 BC)
      • Battle of Mount Zemaraim (c. 913 BC)

Axial Age (c. 875 – c. 212 BC)

Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 664 BC)

Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt (c. 945 – c. 720 BC)

Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt (c. 837 – c. 728 BC)

Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt (c. 732 – c. 720 BC)

Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt (c. 747 – c. 656 BC)

Late Period of ancient Egypt (664 – 332 BC)

Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt (664 – 525 BC)

Twenty-seventh dynasty of Egypt (525 – 404 BC)

Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt (404 – 398 BC)

Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt (398 – 380 BC)

Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt (380 – 343 BC)

Thirty-first dynasty of Egypt (343 – 332 BC)

Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)

Neo-Elamite period (c. 1100 – c. 540 BC)

Humban-Tahrid dynasty (c. 830 – c. 521 BC)

• Teumman's military activities (r. c. 664 – c. 653 BC)
  • Assyrian conquest of Elam (655 – 639 BC)
    • Campaigns of Ashurbanipal (655 – 646 BC)
      • First Elamite campaign (655 – 646 BC)
        • Battle of Ulai (c. 653 BC)
      • Second Elamite campaign (649 – 646 BC)
• Humban-haltash III's military activities (r. c. 650 – c. 647 BC)
  • Persian conquest of Elam (c. 675 – c. 521 BC)
    • Conquest of Anshan (650 BC)
  • Assyrian conquest of Elam (655 – 639 BC)
    • Battle of Susa (647 BC)

Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)

Neo-Assyrian period (c. 934 – c. 609 BC)

Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)

• Campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 – 605 BC)
  • Rise of Neo-Assyria (911 – 859 BC)
    • Campaigns of Ashurnasirpal II (883 – 859 BC)
      • Ashurnasirpal II's campaigns in Lebanon (883 – 859 BC)
  • Campaigns of Shalmaneser III (858 – 824 BC)
    • Assyrian conquest of Aram (856 – 732 BC)
      • Battle of Qarqar (853 BC)
  • Campaigns of Shamshi-Adad V (824 – 813 BC)
    • Battle of Dur-Papsukkal (814 BC)
  • Campaigns of Tiglath-Pileser III (745 – 729 BC)
    • Siege of Gezer (c. 733 BC)

Dynasty of Sargon II (722 – 609 BC)

• Campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 – 605 BC)
  • Campaigns of Sargon II (720 – 705 BC)
    • Urartu–Assyria War (c. 714 BC)
  • Campaigns of Sennacherib (704 – 689 BC)
    • Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant (701 – 689 BC)
    • Siege of Azekah (701 BC)
    • Siege of Lachish (701 BC)
    • Assyrian siege of Jerusalem (701 BC)
    • Battle of Diyala River (693 BC)
    • Battle of Halule (691 BC)
    • Siege of Babylon (689 BC)

Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)

Middle Babylonian period (c. 1155 – c. 729 BC)

Eighth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 974 – 732 BC)

Neo-Babylonian period (732 – 539 BC)

Ninth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 732 – 626 BC)

Tenth dynasty of Babylonia (626 – c. 539 BC)

• Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire (626 – 609 BC)
  • Revolt of Babylon (626 – 620 BC)
  • Battle of Arrapha (616 BC)
  • Fall of Tarbisu (615 BC)
  • Fall of Assur (614 BC)
  • Battle of Nineveh (612 BC)
  • Fall of Harran (610 – 609 BC)
• Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)
• Campaigns of Nebuchadnezzar II (605 – 568 BC)
  • Egyptian–Babylonian wars
    • Battle of Carchemish (605 BC)
    • Battle of Hamath (c. 605 BC)
  • Jewish–Babylonian war (601 – 586 BC)
    • Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)
    • Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
  • Siege of Tyre (586 – 573 BC)

Canaan (c. 1500 BC – c. AD 700)

First Temple period of Canaan (c. 957 – c. 586 BC)

Third dynasty of the Northern kingdom (c. 885 – c. 835 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
  • temp. the king by the name of Ahab (r. c. 875 – c. 853, c. 869 – c. 850 BC)
    • Israelite–Aramean War (c. 874 BC)
    • Battle of Qarqar (c. 853 BC)

Kingdom of Judah (c. 930 – c. 586 BC)

• Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
  • temp. the king by the name of Asa (r. c. 913 – c. 873, c. 922 – c. 869 BC)
    • Battle of Zephath (c. 911 – c. 870 BC)
  • temp. the king by the name of Ahaz (r. c. 742 – c. 726, c. 731 – c. 715 BC)
    • Syro-Ephraimite War (c. 736 – c. 732 BC)

Persian civilization (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1979)

Imperial period (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1106)

Median dynasty (c. 727 – c. 549 BC)

• Battle of the Eclipse (28 May 585 BC)

Achaemenid dynasty (c. 730 – 329 BC)

• Formation and expansion of the Achaemenid empire (c. 553 – c. 530 BC)
  • Campaigns of Cyrus the Great (553 – 530 BC)
    • Invasion of Anatolia (547 BC)
      • Battle of Pteria (547 BC)
      • Battle of Thymbra (547 BC)
      • Siege of Sardis (547 BC)
    • Invasion of Babylonia (539 BC)
      • Battle of Opis (539 BC)
      • Fall of Babylon (539 BC)
• Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley (c. 535 – c. 323 BC)
• Greco-Persian Wars (499 – 449 BC)
  • Ionian Revolt (499 – 493 BC)
    • Ionian offensive (498 BC)
      • Capture of Sardis (498 BC)
      • Battle of Ephesus (498 BC)
    • Persian counter-offensive (497 – 495 BC)
      • Siege of Amathus (497 BC)
      • Battle of Salamis (497 BC)
      • Battle of the Marsyas (497 BC)
      • Battle of Labraunda (496 BC)
      • Battle of Pedasus (496 BC)
    • End of the revolt (494 – 493 BC)
      • Battle of Lade (494 BC)
      • Fall of Miletus (494 BC)
      • Battle of Chios (493 BC)
      • Battle of Malene (493 BC)
• Egyptian Revolt (486 BC)
• Wars of the Delian League (477 – 449 BC)
  • Battle of the Eurymedon (469 or 466 BC)
• Cadusian campaign of Artaxerxes II (385 BC)
• Wars of Alexander the Great (336 – 323 BC)
  • Battle of the Granicus (May 334 BC)
  • Siege of Miletus (334 BC)
  • Siege of Halicarnassus (334 BC)
  • Battle of Issus (5 November 333 BC)
  • Siege of Tyre (January–July 332 BC)
  • Siege of Gaza (October 332 BC)
  • Battle of Gaugamela (1 October 331 BC)
  • Battle of the Uxian Defile (December 331 BC)
  • Battle of the Persian Gate (20 January 330 BC)
  • Destruction of Persepolis (330 BC)
  • Siege of Cyropolis (329 BC)
  • Battle of Jaxartes (October 329 BC)
  • Battle of Gabai (December 328 BC)
  • Siege of Sogdian Rock (327 BC)
  • Cophen campaign (May 327 – March 326 BC)
  • Siege of Aornos (April 326 BC)
  • Battle of the Hydaspes (May 326 BC)
  • Mallian campaign (November 326 – February 325 BC)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 776 BC)

Archaic Greece (c. 776 – c. 480 BC)

Hellenistic period (323 – 31 BC)

Argead dynasty (c. 808 – 309 BC)

• Wars of the Diadochi (322 – 275 BC)
  • First War of the Diadochi (322 – 319 BC)
    • Battle of the Hellespont (321 BC)
  • Intermediate period (319 BC)
    • Battle of Orkynia (319 BC)
    • Battle of Cretopolis (319 BC)
  • Second War of the Diadochi (319 – 315 BC)
    • Battle of Byzantium (317 BC)
    • Battle of Paraitakene (317 BC)
    • Battle of Gabiene (315 BC)
  • Third War of the Diadochi (314 – 311 BC)
    • Battle of Gaza (312 BC)
  • Babylonian War (311 – 309 BC)
    • First Siege of Babylon (311 BC)
    • Second Siege of Babylon (310 BC)
    • Third Siege of Babylon (309 BC)
    • Battle of the 25 of Abu (10 August 309 BC)
  • Fourth War of the Diadochi (308 – 301 BC)
    • Battle of Salamis (306 BC)
    • Siege of Rhodes (305 – 304 BC)
    • Battle of Ipsus (301 BC)
  • Minor conflicts (301 – 275 BC)
    • Battle of Corupedium (281 BC)

Seleucid dynasty (311 – 129 BC)

• Syrian Wars (274 – 168 BC)
  • First Syrian War (274 – 271 BC)
  • Second Syrian War (260 – 253 BC)
  • Third Syrian War (246 – 241 BC)
  • Fourth Syrian War (219 – 217 BC)
    • Battle of Raphia (22 June 217 BC)

Classical antiquity (c. 212 BC – c. AD 284)

Hellenistic period (323 – 31 BC)

Persian civilization (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1979)

Arsacid dynasty (247 BC – AD 228)

• Seleucid–Parthian wars (238 – 129 BC)
  • Parni conquest of Parthia (238 BC)
  • Battle of Mount Labus (209 BC)
  • Battle of Ecbatana (129 BC)
• Roman–Seleucid War (192 – 188 BC)
  • Battle of Corycus (September 191 BC)
  • Battle of the Eurymedon (August 190 BC)
  • Battle of Myonessus (September 190 BC)
  • Battle of Magnesia (December 190 or January 189 BC)
• Maccabean Revolt (167 – 160 BC)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Seleucid dynasty (311 – 129 BC)

• Syrian Wars (274 – 168 BC)
  • Fifth Syrian War (202 – 195 BC)
    • Battle of Panium (Summer 200 BC)
  • Sixth Syrian War (170 – 168 BC)

Dark Ages (c. 91 BC – c. AD 989)

Parthian Dark Age (c. 91 BC – c. 57 BC)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Mithridatic dynasty (281 – 47 BC)

• Mithridatic Wars (88 – 63 BC)
  • First Mithridatic War (88 – 84 BC)
    • Battle of the River Amnias (89 BC)
    • Battle of Protopachium (89 BC)
    • Battle of Mount Scorobas (88 BC)
    • Battle of Tenedos (86 BC)
  • Second Mithridatic War (83 – 81 BC)
    • Battle of Halys (82 BC)
  • Third Mithridatic War (75 – 63 BC)
    • Battle of Chalcedon (74 BC)
    • Siege of Cyzicus (73 BC)
    • Battle of the Rhyndacus (73 BC)
    • Siege of Heraclea (72 – 71 BC)
    • Battle of Cabira (72 or 71 BC)
    • Battle of Tigranocerta (6 October 69 BC)
    • Battle of Artaxata (68 BC)
    • Battle of Zela (67 BC)
    • Battle of the Lycus (66 BC)
    • Caucasian campaign of Pompey (65 BC)
      • Battle of the Pelorus (65 BC)
      • Battle of the Abas (65 BC)
    • Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)
• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – AD 217)
    • Crassus invasion to Mesopotamia (53 BC)
      • Battle of Carrhae (53 BC)
      • Julius Caesar's planned invasion of the Parthian Empire (44 BC)
  • Antony's Atropatene campaign (36 BC)
    • Pompeian–Parthian invasion (40 – 38 BC)
      • Battle of the Cilician Gates (39 BC)
      • Battle of Amanus Pass (39 BC)
      • Battle of Mount Gindarus (38 BC)
    • Siege of Jerusalem (37 or 36 BC)
    • Antony's campaign against Armenia (34 BC)

Hasmonean dynasty (c. 165 – c. 37 BC)

• Hasmonean Civil War (67 – 63 BC)
  • Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)

Pax Romana (27 BC – AD 180)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Julio-Claudian dynasty (27 BC – AD 68)

• Aelius Gallus campaign in Arabia (24 BC)
• Antony's Parthian War (36 – 39 BC)
  • Siege of Jerusalem (37 or 36 BC)
• Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
  • Prelude (AD 6 – 46)
    • Judas uprising (AD 6)
    • Alexandria pogroms (AD 38)
    • Jacob and Simon uprising (AD 46)
• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – AD 217)
    • War of the Armenian Succession (AD 58 – 63)

Year of the Four Emperors and Flavian dynasty (AD 68 – 96)

• Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
  • Major conflicts (AD 66 – 136)
    • First Jewish–Roman War (AD 66 – 73)
      • Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)

Roman imperial period (27 BC – AD c. 480)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Year of the Five Emperors and Severan dynasty (AD 193 – 235)

• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – AD 217)
    • Parthian war of Caracalla (AD 216 – 217)
      • Battle of Nisibis (AD 217)
• Uprising of Syrian Legion (AD 232)

Crisis of the Third Century (AD 235 – 285)

• Battles of Aurelian (AD 270 – 275)
  • Palmyrene War (AD 272 – 273)
    • Siege of Tyana (AD 272)
    • Battle of Immae (AD 272)
    • Battle of Emesa (AD 272)
    • Razing of Palmyra (AD 273)

Persian civilization (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1979)

Sasanian dynasty (AD 224 – 651)

• Roman–Persian wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Battle of Antioch (8 June AD 218)
  • Roman–Sasanian wars (AD 232 – 440)
    • Ardashir's raids into Mesopotamia (AD 230 – 240)
    • Battle of Resaena (AD 243)
    • Battle of Misiche (13 January – 14 March AD 244)
    • Battle of Barbalissos (AD 252)
    • Battle of Edessa (Spring AD 260)
    • Siege of Singara (AD 344)
    • Siege of Amida (AD 359)
    • Battle of Ctesiphon (AD 363)
    • Battle of Samarra (AD 363)

Late antiquity (AD c. 284 – c. 476)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Nerva–Antonine dynasty (AD 96 – 192)

• Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
  • Major conflicts (AD 66 – 136)
    • Kitos War (AD 115 – 117)
    • Bar Kokhba revolt (AD 132 – 136)

Tetrarchy (AD 284 – 305)

• Battle of Callinicum (AD 296)

Constantinian dynasty (AD 305 – 363)

• Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
  • Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus (AD 351 – 352)

Theodosian dynasty (AD 379 – 457)

• Isauria rebellion of 404
• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Byzantine–Sasanian wars (AD 421 – 628)
    • Roman–Sasanian War (AD 421 – 422)

Migration period (AD c. 375 – c. 568)

Western civilization (c. 1700 BC – Present)

• Vandalic War (AD June 533 – March 534)
  • Battle of Ad Decimum (AD September 13, 533)

Post-classical history (AD c. 476 – c. 632)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Leonid dynasty (AD 457 – 518)

• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Roman–Sasanian wars (AD 232 – 440)
    • Anastasian War (AD 502 – 506)
      • Siege of Theodosiopolis (August AD 502)
      • Siege of Martyropolis (AD 502)
      • Siege of Amida (AD October 502 – January 503)

Late Antique Little Ice Age (AD c. 535 – c. 660)

Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)

Justinian dynasty (AD 518 – 602)

• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Roman–Sasanian wars (AD 232 – 440)
    • Iberian War (AD 526 – 532)
      • Battle of Thannuris (AD Summer 528)
      • Battle of Mindouos (AD 528)
      • Battle of Satala (AD 530)
      • Battle of Callinicum (AD 531)
      • Battle of Dara (AD 531)
      • Siege of Martyropolis (AD Autumn 531)
  • Byzantine–Sasanian War (AD 572 – 591)

Heraclian dynasty (AD 610 – 711)

• Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
  • Roman–Sasanian wars (AD 232 – 440)
  • Byzantine–Sasanian War (AD 602 – 628)
    • Jewish revolt against Heraclius (AD 610 – 628)
    • Battle of Antioch (AD 613)
      • Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem (April – May AD 614)
    • Siege of Caesarea Maritima (AD 614)
    • Shahin's invasion of Asia Minor (AD 615)
    • Sassanid conquest of Egypt (AD 618 – 621)
    • Heraclius' campaign (AD 622)
    • Battle of Sarus (April AD 625)
    • Siege of Constantinople (AD 626)
    • Third Perso-Turkic War (AD 627 – 629)
    • Battle of Nineveh (AD 627)
    • Antioch riots (AD 610)
• Samaritan Revolts (AD 484 – 572)
  • Samaritan revolt against Zeno (AD 484)
  • Revolt against Anastasius I
• Mazdak revolt in Persia (AD 524 – 528)
  • Third Samaritan revolt (AD 529 – 531)
  • Fourth Samaritan Revolt (AD 555 – 572)
• Nika riots (AD 532)
• Battle of Dhi Qar (AD 604 – 611)

Byzantine Dark Ages (AD c. 630 – c. 842)

Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)

Muhammad in Medina (AD 622 – 632)

• Al Is Caravan Raid (AD 623)
• Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid (AD 623)
• Kharar Caravan Raid (May and June AD 623)
• Invasion of Waddan (August AD 623)
• Invasion of Buwat (October AD 623)
• Invasion of Dul Ashir (December AD 623)
• Invasion of Safwan (AD 623)
• Nakhla Raid (January AD 624)
• March 624 Battle of Badr
• January 624 Assassination of Asma bint Marwan
• February 624 Assassination of Abu Afak
• 624 Invasion of Sawiq
• February 624 Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa
• May 624 Al Kudr Invasion
• September 624 Invasion of Thi Amr
• September 624 Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf
• 624 Invasion of Bahran
• 624 Nejd Caravan Raid
• December 624 Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik
• March 23 625 Battle of Uhud
• March 625 Invasion of Hamra al-Asad
• June 625 Expedition of Qatan
• 625 Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais
• 625 Expedition of Al Raji
• 627 The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri
• July 625 Expedition of Bir Maona
• August 625 Invasion of Banu Nadir
• October 625 or 627 Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa
• January 626 or March 625 Invasion of Badr
• July 626 Invasion of Dumatul Jandal
• February 627 Battle of the Trench
• February–March 627 Invasion of Banu Qurayza
• June 627 Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah
• 627 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan
• August 627 First Raid on Banu Thalabah
• August 627 Second Raid on Banu Thalabah
• September 627 Invasion of Banu Lahyan
• 627 Raid on al-Ghabah
• September 627 Expedition of Dhu Qarad
• 627 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum)
• September 627 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is)
• 627 Third Raid on Banu Thalabah
• October 627 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma)
• December 627 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura)
• December 627 Invasion of Banu Mustaliq
• December 627 Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf
• 627 Expedition of Fidak
• January 628 Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura
• February 628 Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri
• February 628 Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha
• March 628 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
• May 628 Conquest of Fidak
• May/June 628 Battle of Khaybar
• May 628 Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura
• December 628 Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab
• December 628 Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq
• December 628 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak)
• January 629 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah)
• May 629 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak)
• February 629 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen)
• April 629 Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami
• May 629 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid)
• June 629 Raid on Banu Layth
• June 629 Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi
• June 629 Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari
• August 629 Battle of Mu'tah
• September 629 Expedition of Amr ibn al-As
• October 629 Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah
• 629 Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami
• November or Dec 629 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah)
• December 629 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam)
• December 629 Conquest of Mecca
• December 629 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla)
• December 629 Raid of Amr ibn al-As
• December 629 Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali
• January 630 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah)
• January 630 Battle of Hunayn
• January 630 Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi
• 630 Battle of Autas
• January 630 Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari
• January 630 Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari
• January 630 Siege of Ta'if
• April 630 Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn
• May 630 Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir
• June 630 Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi
• July 630 Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz
• July 630 Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad
• July 630 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Al-Fuls)
• July 630 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy)
• October 630 Battle of Tabouk
• October 630 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal)
• 630 Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
• 630 Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar
• April 631 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal)
• April 631 Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah
• June 631 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran)
• December 631 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij)
• 631 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan)
• April 632 Demolition of Dhul Khalasa
• May 632 Expedition of Usama bin Zayd

Early Middle Ages (AD c. 632 – c. 1054)

Turkic civilization (AD c. 357 – Present)

Ashina dynasty (AD c. 650 – c. 861)

Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)

Rashidun (AD 632 – 661)

• Ridda wars (AD 632 – 633)
• Muslim conquest of the Levant (AD 634 – 638)
  • Battle of Yarmouk (15–20 August AD 636)
• Arab conquest of Armenia
• Muslim conquest of Egypt
• Muslim conquest of Persia
  • First invasion of Mesopotamia
  • Second invasion of Mesopotamia
    • Battle of al-Qādisiyyah
    • Battle of Nahāvand
    • Persian rebellion and reconquest

Umayyad dynasty (AD 661 – 750)

• Umayyad conquest of North Africa
• Day of Thirst in 724
• Battle of the Defile in 731
• Arab–Khazar wars

Abbasid dynasty (AD 750 – 1258)

• Abbasid revolt
  • Battle of the Zab 750
• Arab–Byzantine wars 780–1180
  • Battle of Krasos 804/5
  • Battle of Anzen 838
  • Sack of Amorium 838
  • Sack of Damietta (853)
  • Battle of Lalakaon 863
  • John Kourkouas' campaigns
    • First Melitene campaign and conquest of Kalikala 926–930
    • Second Malitene campaign 931–934
  • Sayf al-Dawla campaigns
    • Conquest of Aleppo 944
    • Battle of Marash (953)
    • Battle of Raban 958
    • Battle of Andrasos 960
    • Siege of Aleppo 962
    • Siege of Aleppo 964
• Mudhar-Yamani conflict 793-96
• Byzantine-Paulician Wars
  • Battle of Bathys Ryax 872 (878?)
• Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th–9th centuries
  • Behavarid revolt in Persia 8th century
  • Babak's revolt 816-37
    • Ahmad ibn al Junayd's campaign 823-24
    • Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi's campaign 827-29
    • Afshin's campaign 835-837/838
  • Maziar revolt 839

Medieval times (AD c. 476 – c. 1453)

High Middle Ages (AD c. 1054 – c. 1258)

Islamic Golden Age (AD c. 786 – 1258)

Turkic dynasties (AD 551 – Present)

Seljuk dynasty (AD 1037 – 1308)

• Crusades
  • People's Crusade 1095–96
  • Byzantine–Seljuq wars 1048–1308
    • Battle of Manzikert 1071
  • Nizari Ismaili uprising in Persia and Syria
    • Nizari–Seljuk conflicts 1090–1194

Zengid dynasty (AD 1127 – 1250)

Arab dynasties (c. 870 BC – Present)

Fatimid dynasty (AD 909 – 1171)

• Crusades
  • First Crusade 1099
    • Battle of Ascalon 1099
    • Crusade of 1101
    • Battle of Ager Sanguinis 1119
    • Battle of Azaz 1125

Abbasid dynasty (AD 750 – 1258)

• Crusades
  • Second Crusade 1145–49
    • Battle of Inab 1149
  • Baldwin's campaigns
    • Siege of Ascalon (1153)
      • Crusader invasions of Egypt 1154–69
        • Battle of al-Babein

Kurdish dynasties (AD c. 770 – Present)

Ayyubid dynasty (AD 1171 – c. 1260)

• Crusades
  • Third Crusade 1189–92
    • Siege of Acre (1189–91)
  • Crusade of 1197
  • Fourth Crusade
  • Children's Crusade
  • Fifth Crusade
  • Sixth Crusade
  • Seventh Crusade
  • Shepherds' Crusade (1251)
• Saladin's campaigns
  • Egyptian revolt 1169
  • Darum Siege 1170
  • Yemen conquest 1174
  • Battle of Hama 1175
  • Capture of Damascus 1174
  • Battle of Jacob's Ford 1179
  • Fight for Mosul 1182
  • Battle of Al-Fule (1183)
  • Siege of Kerak 1183
  • Battle of Cresson 1187
  • Battle of Hattin 1187
  • Siege of Jerusalem (1187)

Berber dynasties (AD 551 – Present)

Hafsid dynasty (AD 1229 – 1574)

• Crusades
  • Eighth Crusade

Bahri dynasty (AD c. 1249 – c. 1390)

• Crusades
  • Ninth Crusade
  • Shepherds' Crusade (1320)

Pashtun dynasties

Ghurid dynasty

• First Battle of Tarain (13 November 1191)

Late Middle Ages (AD c. 1258 – c. 1453)

Pax Mongolica (AD c. 1206 – c. 1353)

Mongol civilization (c. 221 BC – Present)

Borjigin dynasty (c. AD 900 – Present)

• Mongol invasions to Middle East (AD 13th century)
  • Battle of Köse Dağ (AD 1243)
  • Siege of Baghdad (AD 1258)
  • Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria 1260
    • Sack of Sidon 1260
    • Siege of Aleppo (1260)

Gunpowder Age (AD c. 1260 – c. 1902)

Mongol civilization (c. 221 BC – Present)

Borjigin dynasty (c. AD 900 – Present)

• Mongol invasions to Middle East (AD 13th century)
  • Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria 1260
    • Battle of Ain Jalut 1260
    • First Battle of Homs 1260
  • Battle of Albistan 1277
  • Second Battle of Homs 1281
  • Mongol raids into Bilad al-Sham 1299–1300
    • Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar 1299

Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)

Turco-Mongol dynasties (AD c. 1242 – Present)

Borjigin dynasty (c. AD 900 – Present)

Timurid dynasty (AD 1370 – 1857)

• Timur Conquests
  • Battle of Ankara (Battle of Angora) 1402

Mongol dynasties (c. 221 BC – Present)

Borjigin dynasty (c. AD 900 – Present)

Turkic dynasties (AD 551 – Present)

Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)

• Byzantine–Ottoman Wars 1265–1453
  • Rise of the Ottomans 1265–1328
  • Byzantium counter: 1328–1341
    • Siege of Nicaea (1328–31)
    • Siege of Nicomedia 1333–1337
  • Balkan invasion and civil war: 1341–1371
  • Byzantine civil war and vassalage: 1371–1394
  • Resumption of hostilities: 1394–1424
  • Resumption of hostilities: 1394–1424
  • Ottoman campaign on Constantinopolis 1424–1453
• Sheikh Bedreddin revolt 1416

Modern times (AD c. 1453 – Present)

Early modern period (AD c. 1453 – c. 1806)

Discovery Age (AD c. 1336 – c. 1815)

Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)

Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)

Ottoman era period conflicts 1453–1516

• Yazidi uprising against Safavids 1506–1510
• Şahkulu Rebellion 1511
• Ottoman–Persian Wars 16th–19th centuries
  • Battle of Chaldiran 1514
  • Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55)
  • Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90)
• Jelali revolts 1519–1659
  • Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18)
    • Battle of DimDim 1609–10
  • Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)
    • Abaza rebellion
  • Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35)
  • Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746)
  • Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776)
  • Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823)
• Conflicts between the Ottomans and the Druze of Mount Lebanon
  • 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
  • Battle of Majdel Anjar 1622
  • 1633 conflict
  • 1642 conflict
  • 1660 conflict
  • 1683–1699 conflict
  • Battle of Ain Dara 1711
• Cretan War (1645–69)
  • Atmeydanı Incident
  • Çınar Incident 1656
• Edirne revolt 1703
• 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
• Patrona Halil uprising 1730
• Zahir al-Umar Revolt (Galilee) 1742–1743
• Ali Bey Al-Kabir Revolt (Egypt) 1769–1772
• Bajalan uprising 1775

Western civilization (c. 1700 BC – Present)

Trastámaran dynasty (AD 1366 – 1555)

• Spanish colonial campaigns (AD c. 1402 – c. 1976)
  • Spanish–Moroccan conflicts (AD c. 1086 – c. 1975)
    • Conquest of Melilla (September AD 1497)

Hapsburg dynasty (AD c. 1020 – Present)

• Spanish colonial campaigns (AD c. 1402 – c. 1976)
  • Spanish–Moroccan conflicts (AD c. 1086 – c. 1975)
    • Spanish-Barbary Wars (AD 1609 – 1792)
      • Siege of Larache (AD 1689)
• Ottoman–Habsburg wars (AD 1526 – 1791)
  • Great Turkish War (14 July AD 1683 – 26 January AD 1699)

Stuart dynasty (AD c. 1371 – 1807)

• English colonial campaigns (AD c. 1556 – c. 1707)
  • Battle of Tangier (4 May 1664)

Late modern period (c. 1806 – c. 1945)

Discovery Age (c. 1336 – c. 1815)

Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)

Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)

• French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801)
  • Cairo revolt (1798)
  • Battle of the Nile
  • Siege of Jaffa
  • Battle of Mount Tabor (1799)
  • Siege of Acre (1799)
• Baban uprising (1806–1808)
• Ottoman coups of 1807–08
  • Kabakçı Mustafa revolt
• Muhammad Ali's campaigns
  • Muhammad Ali's seizure of power (1803–07)
  • Fraser campaign (1807)
  • Ottoman–Saudi War (1811–18)