Wikipedia list article
The limited, modern, archaeological, and historical context of the Near East.
The Middle and Near East.
A map detailing possible definitions used for the boundary between
Europe and
Asia in different periods throughout history. The red line marked "
A " is apparently the "Strahlenberg" definition commononly taught in
Soviet Russia . The modern mainstream definitions used by the
United Nations are marked with the lines "
B " (the
Ural mountains and
Ural river ) and "
F " (
Caucasus watershed) in this image.
This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged; first, chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north). This list includes most present-day sovereign states (some of which may be disputed) beginning eastward from West and Central Asia (the Republic of Iraq , State of Kuwait , and Islamic republics of Iran , Pakistan , and Afghanistan ), Syria (the Syrian Arab Republic and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ), Transcaucasia (the republics of Azerbaijan , Armenia , Georgia , Abkhazia , Artsakh , and South Ossetia ), Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (the Republic of Turkey ), Arabian Peninsula (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , State of Qatar , United Arab Emirates , Sultanate of Oman , and Republic of Yemen ), Levant (the Lebanese Republic , Republic of Cyprus , Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , and the states of Israel and Palestine ), Northeast Africa (the Arab Republic of Egypt and Republic of the Sudan ), and Northwest Africa (the State of Libya , Republic of Tunisia , People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , Kingdom of Morocco , Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , and Islamic Republic of Mauritania ). Also listed might be any raid , strike , skirmish , siege , sacking , and/or battle (both land and naval ) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the "Middle East " (or the "Ancient Near East " when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity ); however, was itself only part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border , undeclared , colonial , proxy , liberation , world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts , spree killings , massacres , terrorist attacks , coups , assassinations , regicides , riots , rebellions , revolutions , and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence ). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice , mass suicide , and ethnic cleansing /genocide .
Ancient times (c. 3100 BC – c. AD 500)
Early Bronze Age I (c. 3300 – c. 3000 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing various ancient, archaeological sites, settlements, hamlets, villages, towns, and/or cities that may have been visited, colonized, invaded, conquered, occupied, traded and/or interacted with by the archaeological cultures of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr c. 3750 – c. 3000 BCE. A map of the Near East detailing ancient settlements occupied by the Elamite civilization (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC).
Jemdet Nasr period (c. 3100 – c. 2900 BC)
Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)
Uruk I Dynasty (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)
Ninevite 5 period (c. 2900 – c. 2600 BC)
Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)
Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)
Proto-Elamite period (c. 3500 – c. 2700 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Protodynastic period of Egypt (c. 3400 – c. 2900 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the Egyptian civilization c. 3400 – c. 2584 BC. A chart comparing the New Chronology of David Rohl and the conventional chronology of Ian Shaw . A possible illustration of the conflict between Abydos and Nekhen —on the Gebel el-Arak Knife (c. 3500 – c. 3200 BC). A map detailing the various ancient Egyptian nomes' and towns' names in English and hieroglyphics all throughout Egypt, Nubia, and Canaan. Ta-Seti is marked by its capital city Elephantine (modern-day Aswan, Egypt ).
Dynasty 00 (c. 3650 – c. 3250 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000, c. 3900, c. 3800, c. 3700, c. 3500, c. 3300, c. 3200, c. 3100 BC – c. AD 641 )
Naqada culture (c. 4000, 3900, 3800, 3700 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
Upper Egypt (c. 3400, c. 3250 – c. 3150, c. 3100 BC)
Naqada III phase (c. 3300, 3200 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
Thinite Confederacy (c. 4000 – c. 2584 BC)
Reign of Scorpion I (r. 3400, c. 3300 – c. 3250, c. 3200 – c. 3150, c. 3000 BC)
Scorpion I's wars of the unification of Upper Egypt against Bull (c. 3250 BC)
Dynasty 0 (c. 3250 – c. 2950 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000, c. 3900, c. 3800, c. 3700, c. 3500, c. 3300, c. 3200, c. 3100 BC – c. AD 641 )
Naqada culture (c. 4000, 3900, 3800, 3700 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
Naqada III phase (c. 3300, 3200 – c. 3000, 2900 BC)
Lower Egypt (c. 3500 – c. 3150, c. 3100 BC)
Reign of Wash (r. c. 3150 BC)
Narmer's campaigns
Narmer's campaign against Wash (c. 3150 BC)
Upper Egypt (c. 3400, c. 3250 – c. 3150, c. 3100 BC)
Thinite Confederacy (c. 4000 – c. 2584 BC)
Reign of Narmer (r. c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3114 – c. 3211, c. 3107, c. 2950 BC)
Narmer's campaigns
Narmer's campaign against Wash (c. 3150 BC)
Narmer's wars of unification (c. 3100 BC)
Early Dynastic period of Egypt (c. 3400 – c. 2686 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Dynasty I (c. 3400 – c. 2890 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3211, c. 3150, c. 3114, c. 3107, c. 3100, c. 3045 – c. AD 641 )
Naqada culture (c. 4000, c. 3900, c. 3800, c. 3700 – c. 3000, c. 2900 BC)
Naqada III phase (c. 3300, c. 3200 – c. 3000, c. 2900 BC)
Dynasty II (c. 2890 – c. 2584 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 3400, c. 3273, c. 3211, c. 3150, c. 3114, c. 3107, c. 3100, c. 3045 – c. AD 641 )
Khasekhemwy (r. c. 2705, c. 2690, c. 2648, c. 2602 – c. 2687, c. 2670, c. 2649, c. 2584 BC)
Khasekhemwy's War of Reunification (c. 2705, c. 2690, c. 2602 – c. 2687, c. 2670, c. 2584 BC)
Nubian civilization (c. 3800 BC – c. AD 1509)
Dynasty I (c. 3400 – c. 2890 BC)
Hor-Aha's campaign against the Nubians at Ta-Seti (c. 3100 – c. 3050 BC)
Early Bronze Age II (c. 3000 – c. 2700 BC)
ED I period of Mesopotamia (c. 2900 – c. 2700 BC)
Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)
Uruk I Dynasty (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)
Further information: Uruk
A map of the Near East detailing the ancient settlements of Sumer. Sumer (c. 5500, c. 5400, c. 4500, c. 4000, c. 3300 – c. 2334, c. 2230, c. 2004, c. 1900, c. 1763 BC)
Warfare in Sumer (c. 5500, c. 5400, c. 4500, c. 4000, c. 3300 – c. 2334, c. 2230, c. 2004, c. 1900, c. 1763 BC)
Early Dynastic I (ED I) period of Mesopotamia (c. 2900, 2800 – c. 2750, 2600 BC)
The early kings, governors, and/or lords of the first dynasty of Uruk (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)
Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)
Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)
Early Bronze Age III (c. 2700 – c. 2200 BC)
Old kingdom of Egypt (c. 2686 – c. 2181 BC)
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Dynasty III (c. 2686 – c. 2613 BC)
Reign of Djoser (r. c. 2687, c. 2668, c. 2686, c. 2630 – c. 2668, c. 2649, c. 2648, c. 2611 BC)
Djoser's military expeditions (c. 2687, c. 2686, c. 2630 – c. c. 2668, c. 2648, c. 2611 BC)
Dynasty IV (c. 2613 – c. 2494 BC)
Dynasty V (c. 2494 – c. 2345 BC)
Dynasty VI (c. 2345 – c. 2181 BC)
ED II period of Mesopotamia (c. 2700 – c. 2600 BC)
Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)
Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)
Reign of Aga (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650, c. 2670 – c. 2585 BC )
Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)
Uruk I Dynasty (c. 3500 – c. 2500 BC)
Gilgamesh (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650 BC )
c. 2670 – c. 2650 BC: Campaigns of Gilgamesh
ED IIIa period of Mesopotamia (c. 2600 – c. 2450 BC)
Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)
Ur I Dynasty (c. 2700 – c. 2400 BC)
Lagash I Dynasty (c. 2570 – c. 2342 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the location of Gu-Edin (between Umma and Lagash) in Sumer. Reign of Ur-Nanshe (r. c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC )
Conquests of Ur-Nanshe (c. 2495 – c. 2465 BC)
Reign of Eannatum (r. c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC )
Conquest of Sumer (c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC)
Conquest of Akshak (from Zuzu c. 2457 BC)
Conquest of Nippur (c. 2450 BC)
Border conflict with Umma (c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC)
Conquest of Umma (from Ush c. 2445 BC)
Conquest of Kish (from Enbi-Ishtar and/or Lugalngu c. 2430 BC)
Conquest of Uruk (c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC)
Conquest of Ur (c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC)
Conquest of Larsa (c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC)
Umma I Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2355 BC)
Further information: Umma
Adab Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2270 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated locations of the Four Quarters of the World.
Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)
Kish I Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2500 BC)
Reign of Aga (r. c. 2700 – c. 2650, c. 2670 – c. 2585 BC )
Kish II Dynasty (c. 2570 – c. 2430 BC)
Reign of Enbi-Ishtar or Lugalngu (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC )
Mari I Dynasty (c. 2900 – c. 2550 BC)
Reign of Sharrumiter (r. c. 2373 – c. 2364 BC )
Conquests of Sharrumiter (c. 2373 – c. 2364 BC)
Conquest of Adab (c. 2373 – c. 2364 BC)
Akshak Dynasty (c. 2470 – c. 2330 BC)
ED IIIb period of Mesopotamia (c. 2450 – c. 2334 BC)
Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)
Ur I Dynasty (c. 2700 – c. 2400 BC)
Reign of Elulu (r. c. 2480 – c. 2455, c. 2450 – c. 2425 BC )
Conquests of Enshakushanna (c. 2440 – c. 2430 BC)
Conquest of Ur (c. 2440 – c. 2430 BC)
Uruk I Dynasty (c. 2500 – c. 2355 BC)
A geographical map of the Near East detailing the approximate location of the various ancient regions of Sumer, Akkad, Subartu, Gutium, and Elam (with toponyms relating to the late-third millennium BC ). Reign of Enshakushanna (r. c. 2440 – c. 2430, c. 2430 – c. 2400 BC )
Campaigns of Enshakushanna (c. 2440 – c. 2400 BC)
Conquest of Ur (from his father Elulu c. 2440 – c. 2425 BC)
Conquest of Nippur (c. 2440 – c. 2425 BC)
Conquest of Kish (from Enbi-Ishtar c. 2430 – c. 2400 BC)
Conquest of Akshak (from Unzi c. 2429 – c. 2400 BC)
Conquest of Akkad (c. 2429 – c. 2400 BC)
Ur II Dynasty (c. 2455 – c. 2112 BC)
c. 2430 – c. 2425 BC: Reign of Nanni
c. 2430 BC: Conquest of Uruk (from Enshakushanna)
Lagash I Dynasty (c. 2570 – c. 2342 BC)
c. 2425 – c. 2405 BC: Reign of Enannatum I
c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC: Border conflict with Umma
c. 2420 BC: Conquest of Umma (from Ur-Lumma )c. 2405 – c. 2375 BC: Reign of Enannatum I
c. 2500 – c. 2300 BC: Border conflict with Umma
c. 2405 – c. 2375 BC: Conquest of Umma (from Il )
Umma I Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2355 BC)
Adab Dynasty (c. 2600 – c. 2270 BC)
c. 2600 – c. 2350 BC: Lugalannemundu's conquest of the four quarters of the world
c. 2373 BC: Conquest of Adab (by Sharrumiter of Mari)
Uruk III Dynasty (c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the extent of the empire of Lugalzagesi c. 2350 BC. c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC: Reign of Lugalzagesi
c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC: Conquests of Lugalzagesi
c. 2355 BC: Conquest of Umma (inherited from his father Ukush )
c. 2350 BC: Conquest of Adab (from E-iginimpa'e )
c. 2348 BC: Conquest of Uruk (from Enshakushanna, Lugalkinishedudu , Lugal-kisalsi , and/or Argandea)
c. 2342 BC: Conquest of Lagash (from Urukagina )
c. 2340 BC: Conquest of Ur
Conquest of Larsa
Conquest of Nippur
Conquest of Zabala
Conquest of Ki’ana
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Dynasty of Awan (c. 2550 – c. 2100 BC)
c. 2550 – c. 2450 BC: Elamite conquests in Sumer
Dynasty of Hamazi (c. 2570 – c. 2010 BC)
c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC: Conquests of Hadanish
Kish civilization (c. 3100 – c. 2334 BC)
Second dynasty of Kish (c. 2570 – c. 2430 BC)
Reign of Enbi-Ishtar or Lugalngu (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC )
Campaigns of Hadanish (from Hamazi), Enshakushanna (from Uruk), or Enannatum I (from Lagash)
Conquest of Kish (c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
Third dynasty of Kish (c. 2430 – c. 2360 BC)
Reign of Kubaba (r. c. 2430 – c. 2360 BC )
Campaigns of Ishu-Il (from Akshak) (r. c. 2391 – c. 2367 BC )
Conquest of Kish (c. 2391 – c. 2367 BC)
Fourth dynasty of Kish (c. 2360 – c. 2254 BC)
First Mariote kingdom (c. 2900 – c. 2550 BC)
Second Mariote kingdom (c. 2500 – c. 2290 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the second Mariote kingdom (c. 2425 – c. 2380 BC). A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the second Mariote kingdom at its height (c. 2340 – c. 2320 BC). c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Campaigns of Ansud
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Conquest of Aburu
c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Conquest of Ilgi
c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC: Conquest of Belan
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Campaigns of Saʿumu
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Tibalat
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Ilwani
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Ra'ak
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Nirum
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Ashaldu
c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC: Defeat of Badul
c. 2400 BC: Campaigns of Ishtup-Ishar
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
c. 2380 BC: Campaigns of Iblul-Il
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Galalaneni
c. 2380 BC: Destruction of Zahiran
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Shadab
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Addalini
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Arisum
c. 2380 BC: Sack of Sharan
c. 2380 BC: Sack of Dammium
c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Mane
c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Emar
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Nahal
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Nubat
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Sha-da
c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Barama
c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Aburu
c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Tibalat
c. 2380 BC: Conquest of Belan
c. 2380 BC: Defeat of Lalanium
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Conquest of Burman
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Defeat of Nagar
c. 2320 – c. 2300 BC: Campaigns of Hidar
c. 2423 – c. 2300 BC: Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
c. 2330 – c. 2300 BC: Campaigns of Ishqi-Mari
c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
c. 2330 – c. 2280 BC: Destruction of Mari
Dynasty of Akshak (c. 2470 – c. 2330 BC)
Reign of Unzi (c. 2459 – c. 2429 BC)
Conquest of Akshak (by Enshakushanna c. 2429 BC)
Reign of Puzur-Nirah (c. 2411 – c. 2391 BC)
Conquest of Akshak (by Kubaba c. 2391 BC)
Early Period of Assyria (c. 2600 – c. 2025 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
c. 2600 – c. 2025 BC: Subartu
c. 2570 – c. 2341 BC: First Dynasty of Lagash
c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC: Conquests of Eannatum
c. 2457 – c. 2425 BC: Conquest of Nineveh
c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC: Sargonic dynasty
c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
Akkadian period (c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC)
Akkadian civilization (c. 2334 – c. 1736 BC)
Sargonic dynasty (c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the expeditions of Sargon c. 2300 – c. 2280 BC. A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the Akkadian empire and the directions in which military campaigns were conducted: The approximated territorial extent of the empire during the reign of Naram-Suen
c. 2254 – c.
2218 BC.
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the Akkadian empire and second Eblaite kingdom (c. 2254 – c. 2218 BC). Middle chronology of the main dominations of Mesopotamia (3700 – 539 BC).
Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Awan dynasty (c. 2550 – c. 2100 BC)
c. 2750 – c. 2700 BC: Enmebaragesi's Elamite campaign (from Kish)
c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
c. 2331 – c. 2300 BC: Conquest of Elam
c. 2280 – c. 2268 BC: Reconquests of Rimush of Akkad
c. 2280 – c. 2268 BC: Reconquest of Awan (from Emahsini)
Hamazi kingdom (c. 2570 – c. 2010 BC)
Reign of Zizi (r. c. 2570 – c. 2450 BC )
Conquest of Hamazi (by the governor from Kish by the name of Uhub c. 2570 – c. 2550 BC)
Reign of Hadanish (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC )
Campaigns of Hadanish (from Hamazi) (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC )
Conquest of Kish (c. 2450 – c. 2430 BC)
Conquest of Hamazi (by Enshakushanna c. 2430 BC)
Simurrum kingdom (c. 2334 – c. 1595 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing various ancient regions that may have been occupied by the Elamite civilization (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC). Included are the regions of Bashime, Marhasi, Shimashki, Lullubum, Simurrum, Anshan, Awan, and Susiana. c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC: Akkadian Period
c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC: Sargonic dynasty
c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Reign of Sargon of Akkad
c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Reign of Naram-Suen of Akkad
Pashime kingdom (c. 2334 – c. 1595 BC)
Marhasi kingdom (c. 2550 – c. 562 BC)
c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC: Akkadian Period
c. 2334 – c. 2193 BC: Sargonic dynasty
c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Reign of Sargon of Akkad
c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC: Conquests of Sargon of Akkad
c. 2279 – c. 2270 BC: Reign of Rimush of Akkad
Susiana kingdom (c. 4400 BC – c. AD 1218)
Conquests of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC)
Conquest of Elam (c. 2331 – c. 2300 BC)
Lulubum kingdom (c. 3500 – c. 675 BC)
c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC: Campaigns of Naram-Suen
Gutium kingdom (c. 2600 – c. 500 BC)
Conquests of Lugalannemundu of Adab (c. 2600 – c. 2350 BC)
Akkadian Period (c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC)
Conquests of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2334 – c. 2279 BC)
Campaigns of Naram-Suen of Akkad (c. 2255 – c. 2218 BC)
Gutian Incursions (c. 2244 – c. 2119 BC)
Campaigns of Sharkalisharri of Akkad (c. 2218 – c. 2193 BC)
Gutian Incursions (c. 2244 – c. 2119 BC)
Victory against Sarlagab (c. 2202 – c. 2196 BC)
Ur III Period (c. 2124 – c. 2004 BC)
Conquests of Utu-hengal of Uruk (c. 2124 – c. 2113 BC)
Victory against Tirigan (c. 2124, c. 2123, c. 2120, c. 2119 BC)
Campaigns of Ur-Nammu of Ur (c. 2101 – c. 2095 BC)
Shimashki kingdom (c. 2200 – c. 1900 BC)
Campaigns of Kindattu (c. 2027 – c. 2001 BC)
Invasion by Elam (c. 2020 – c. 2004 BC)
Sack of Ur (c. 2004 BC)
Defeat by Ishbi-Erra of Isin (c. 2001, c. 1983 BC)
Early Bronze Age IV (c. 2200 – c. 2100 BC)
4.2 kiloyear event (c. 2250 – c. 1800 BC)
First Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 2181 – c. 2055 BC)
The 4.2 kiloyear event triggered famines, social disorder, and fragmentation contributing to the decline and/or collapse of the Old kingdom (in Egypt); as well as, the empires of both Akkad and Ur (in Mesopotamia) throughout the c. 2250 to c. 1800 BC period.
Dynasty VII (c. 2181 BC)
Dynasty VIII (c. 2181 – c. 2160 BC)
Dynasty IX (c. 2160 – c. 2130 BC)
Dynasty X (c. 2130 – c. 2040 BC)
Akkadian period (c. 2334 – c. 2154 BC)
Akkadian interregnum (c. 2193 – c. 2189 BC)
Final kings of Akkad (c. 2189 – c. 2154 BC)
Second dynasty of Lagash (c. 2260 – c. 2023 BC)
Fourth dynasty of Uruk (c. 2254 – c. 2124 BC)
Gutian period (c. 2154 – c. 2123 BC)
Dynasty of Gutium (c. 2244 – c. 2119 BC)
c. 2154 – c. 2123 BC: Gutian period
c. 2254 – c. 2124 BC: Fourth Dynasty of Uruk
c. 2193 BC: Conquest of Akkad
c. 2244 – c. 2123 BC: Dynasty of Gutium
c. 2200 – c. 2211 BC: Conquest of Nippur (by Erridupizir )
c. 2211 – c. 2124 BC: Conquest of Uruk (by Imta , Inkishush , and/or Shulme )
c. 2190 – c. 2184 BC: Conquest of Akkad (by Ilulu and/or Elulmesh )
c. 2193 – c. 2144 BC: Conquest of Lagash
c. 2130 – c. 2123 BC: Conquest of Umma (by Siium )
Second dynasty of Umma (c. 2130 – c. 2113 BC)
Ur III period (c. 2124 – c. 2004 BC)
Fifth dynasty of Uruk (c. 2124 – c. 2113 BC)
c. 2124 – c. 2113 BC: Reign of Utu-hengal
c. 2124 – c. 2119 BC: Conquest of Gutium
Third dynasty of Ur (c. 2112 – c. 2004 BC)
c. 2112 – c. 2095 BC: Reign of Ur-Nammu
c. 2112 – c. 2095 BC: Conquest of Lagash
Middle Bronze Age I (c. 2100 – c. 2000 BC)
Ur III period (c. 2124 – c. 2004 BC)
Sumerian civilization (c. 5500 – c. 530 BC)
Third dynasty of Ur (c. 2112 – c. 2004 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximate extension of the empire of Ur during the reign of Shulgi c. 2095 – c. 2047 BC: The approximate extension of the center of the empire of Shulgi.
The approximate extension of the periphery of the empire of Shulgi.
A map of the Near East detailing the approximate extension of the empire of Ur c. 2046 – c. 2004 BC: Territories recognizing Ur's sovereignty early in Amar-Suen's reign (
c. 2046 – c.
2037 BC).
Territories controlled by Ur before the Amorite invasions (
c. 2037 – c.
2029 BC).
Territories controlled by Ur before the treason of Ishbi-Erra of Isin (
c. 2029 – c.
2004 BC).
c. 2095 – c. 2047 BC: Reign of Shulgi
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Nippur
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Puzrish-Dagan
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Isin
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Shuruppak
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Uruk
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Larsa
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Umma
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Girsu
c. 2089 – c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Larak
c. 2084 BC: Conquest of Der
c. 2083 BC: Conquest of Kazallu
c. 2067 BC: Conquest of Eridu c. 2028 – c. 2004 BC: Reign of Ibbi-Sin
c. 2020 – c. 2004 BC: Invasion by Elam
A world map . The red outline indicates the extent of the Bronze Age c. 2000 BC. hunter-gatherers
nomadic pastoralists
simple farming societies
complex farming societies
state societies
Middle Bronze Age II A (c. 2000 – c. 1750 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)
Shimashki dynasty (c. 2100 – c. 1973 BC)
Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2055 – c. 1650 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated extent of ancient Egypt during its Middle Kingdom.
Eleventh dynasty of Egypt (c. 2150 – c. 1991 BC)
Twelfth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1991 – c. 1802 BC)
Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1803 – c. 1649 BC)
Akkadian civilization (c. 2500 – c. 1736 BC)
Isin-Larsa period (c. 2025 – c. 1763 BC)
Dynasty of Larsa (c. 2025 – c. 1763 BC)
Dynasty of Isin (c. 2017 – c. 1792 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the geopolitical situation around the region c. 1900 BC occupied by: c. 2017 – c. 1985 BC: Reign of Ishbi-Erra
c. 1990 BC: Liberation of Urc. 1794 – c. 1792 BC: Reign of Damiq-ilishu
c. 1794 – c. 1792 BC: Damiq-ilishu of Isin's defeat by Sin-Muballit of Babylon
Sixth dynasty of Uruk (c. 1865 – c. 1802 BC)
Third Mariote kingdom (c. 2330 – c. 1761 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the third Mariote kingdom under Zimri-Lim c. 1775 – c. 1770 BC. c. 1830 – c. 1761 BC: Lim dynasty
Kingdom of Nagar (c. 2600 – c. 2300 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated extent of the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia at the death of Shamshi-Adad I c. 1775 BC.
Dynasty of Puzur-Ashur (c. 2025 – c. 1808 BC)
Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad (c. 1808 – c. 1720 BC)
c. 1833 – c. 1775 BC: Conquests of Shamshi-Adad I
Seven usurpers (c. 1720 – c. 1700 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
First dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1894 – c. 1595 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the extent of the Babylonian empire c. 1792 BC. A map of the Near East detailing the extent of the Babylonian empire c. 1776 – c. 1761 BC. A map of the Near East detailing the geopolitical situation around the Babylonian empire c. 1750 BC. A map of the Near East detailing the territorial extent of the Babylonian empire: The territorial extent of the Babylonian empire
c. 1792 BC.
The territorial extent of the Babylonian empire
c. 1750 – c.
1712 BC.
The territorial extent of the Babylonian empire
c. 1712 – c.
1595 BC
. Reign of Sumu-abum (c. 1894 – c. 1881 BC)
c. 1892 – c. 1882 BC: Conquests of Sumu-abum
c. 1882 – c. 1833 BC: War against Kazallu
c. 1882 BC: Sack of Kazalluc. 1881 – c. 1845 BC: Reign of Sumu-la-El
c. 1868 – c. 1850 BC: Campaigns of Sumu-la-El
c. 1868 BC: War against Kisz
c. 1882 – c. 1833 BC: War against Kazallu
c. 1894 – c. 1881 BC: Conquests of Sumu-la-El
c. 1845 – c. 1831 BC: Reign of Sabium
c. 1844 – c. 1833 BC: Campaigns of Sabium
c. 1844 BC: Conquest of Kar-Szamasz
c. 1839 BC: War against Larsa
c. 1882 – c. 1833 BC: War against Kazallu
c. 1833 BC: Siege of Kazalluc. 1831 – c. 1813 BC: Reign of Apil-Sin
c. 1827 BC: Campaigns of Apil-Sin
c. 1827 BC: Conquest of Nurumc. 1813 – c. 1792 BC: Reign of Sin-Muballit
c. 1813 – c. 1792 BC: Campaigns of Sin-Muballit
c. 1800 – c. 1763 BC: War against Larsa
c. 1813 – c. 1792 BC: Conquests of Sin-Muballit
c. 1792 – c. 1750 BC: Reign of Hammurabi
c. 1792 – c. 1750 BC: Campaigns of Hammurabi
c. 1800 – c. 1763 BC: War against Larsa
c. 1792 – c. 1750 BC: Conquests of Hammurabi
Middle Bronze Age II B (c. 1750 – c. 1650 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the geopolitical situation around the region c. 1700 BC occupied by: Dilmun
Minoan civilization
Yamhad
Old Assyrian empire
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
First dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1894 – c. 1595 BC)
Second dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1732 – c. 1460 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)
Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad (c. 1808 – c. 1720 BC)
Seven usurpers (c. 1720 – c. 1680 BC)
Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
Old Hittite kingdom (c. 1740 – c. 1460 BC)
Reign of Pithana (r. c. 1798 – c. 1740 BC )
Conquests of Pithana (c. 1798 – c. 1740 BC)
Reign of Anitta (r. c. 1740 – c. 1725 BC )
Conquests of Anitta (c. 1740 – c. 1725 BC)
Reign of Labarna I (r. c. 1680 – c. 1650 BC )
Conquests of Labarna I (c. 1680 – c. 1650 BC)
Reign of Hattusili I (r. c. 1650 – c. 1620, c. 1586 – c. 1556 BC )
Conquests of Hattusili I (c. 1650 – c. 1620 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)
Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Middle kingdom of Egypt (c. 2055 – c. 1650 BC)
Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1803 – c. 1649 BC)
Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1725 – c. 1650 BC)
Middle Bronze Age II C (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
Second dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1732 – c. 1460 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
c. 1507 BC: Kassite attacks on Babylon
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)
Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad (c. 1808 – c. 1720 BC)
Seven usurpers (c. 1720 – c. 1680 BC)
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the geopolitical situation around the region c. 1600 BC occupied by:
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
Old Hittite kingdom (c. 1740 – c. 1460 BC)
The Old Hittite kingdom under Hantili I c. 1590 BC (red); the Hittite empire at its maximum territorial extent replaced Hatti , Arzawa , and Kizzuwatna c. 1300 – c. 1290 BC (orange), and bordered the Egyptian kingdom (green). Reign of Mursili I (r. c. 1620 – c. 1590, c. 1556 – c. 1526 BC )
Conquests of Mursili I (c. 1620 – c. 1590 BC)
Regicide of Mursili I (c. 1590, c. 1526 BC)
Reign of Hantili I (r. c. 1590 – c. 1560, c. 1526 – c. 1496 BC )
Regicide of Mursili I (c. 1590, c. 1526 BC)
Campaigns of Hantili I (c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC)
Syrian campaign (c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC)
Reign of Zidanta I (r. c. 1560 – c. 1550, c. 1496 – c. 1486 BC )
Assassination of Pišeni (c. 1560, c. 1496 BC)
Patricide of Zidanta I (c. 1550, c. 1486 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)
Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)
Kidinuid dynasty (c. 1500 – c. 1390 BC)
Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1390 – c. 1100 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)
Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)
Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1649 – c. 1582 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the geopolitical situation during the early Hyksos period from c. 1650 – c. 1590 BC. Thebes was briefly conquered by the Hyksos c. 1580 BC.
Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1580 – c. 1550 BC)
Hyksos -Egyptian wars in Lower Egypt (c. 1580 – c. 1550 BC)
Conquest of Hyksos-ruled Lower Egypt by Ahmose I of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550, c. 1549 – c. 1531 BC)
Late Bronze Age I (c. 1550 – c. 1400 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
Second dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1732 – c. 1460 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
c. 1507 BC: Kassite attacks on Babylon
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)
Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
Old Hittite kingdom (c. 1740 – c. 1460 BC)
Reign of Zidanta I (r. c. 1560 – c. 1550, c. 1496 – c. 1486 BC )
Assassination of Pišeni (c. 1560, c. 1496 BC)
Patricide of Zidanta I (c. 1550, c. 1486 BC)
Reign of Ammuna (r. c. 1550 – c. 1530, c. 1486 – c. 1466 BC )
Patricide of Zidanta I (c. 1550, c. 1486 BC)
Campaigns of Ammuna (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
Campaign against Neša (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
Campaign against Šattiwara (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
Campaign against Šuluki (c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC)
Reign of Huzziya I (r. c. 1530 – c. 1525, c. 1466 – c. 1461 BC )
Fratricide of Titiya (c. 1530, c. 1466 BC)
Fratricide of Hantili (c. 1530, c. 1466 BC)
Reign of Telipinu (r. c. 1524, c. 1460 BC )
Middle Hittite kingdom (c. 1460 – c. 1400 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)
Sukkalmah dynasty (c. 1973 – c. 1500 BC)
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)
Kidinuid dynasty (c. 1500 – c. 1390 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the maximum territorial extent of the Egyptian empire (c. 1450 BC). c. 1479 – c. 1425 BC: Thutmose III's military campaigns
Late Bronze Age II A (c. 1400 – c. 1300 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Old Assyrian period (c. 2025 – c. 1365 BC)
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the extent of the Assyrian empire (orange) c. 1392 – c. 783 BC.
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1000 BC)
Kidinuid dynasty (c. 1500 – c. 1370 BC)
Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1370 – c. 1217 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)
Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)
Amarna period (c. 1353 – c. 1332 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the great powers of the Amarna period (c. 1353 – c. 1332 BC). Egyptians Hittites Kassites Assyrians Mitanni Greeks
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)
Reign of Akhenaten (r. c. 1353 – c. 1336, c. 1351 – c. 1334 BC )
Egyptian intervention in Canaan
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
Reign of Kara-hardash (r. c. 1333 BC )
Babylonian revolt against the Assyrians (c. 1333 BC)
Regicide of Kara-hardash (c. 1333 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)
Phoenician civilization (c. 2500 – 64 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1370 – c. 1217 BC)
Late Bronze Age II B (c. 1300 – c. 1200 BC)
A map detailing political entities in the Eastern Hemisphere c. 1300 BC.
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
The approximated territorial extent of Babylonia temp. its third dynasty (c. 13th century BC ).
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)
Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1000 BC)
Igehalkid dynasty (c. 1370 – c. 1217 BC)
Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1217 – c. 970 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)
Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1290 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Mycenaean Greece (c. 1750 – c. 1050 BC)
Atreid dynasty (c. 1430 – c. 1050 BC)
A map of the northwestern reaches of the Near East (including parts of Anatolia and Thrace) detailing a Homeric Age reconstruction of this region based off Homer 's Iliad .
Late Bronze Age collapse (c. 1200 – c. 1020 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the geopolitical situation in the region c. 1200 BC. A map of the Near East detailing the invasions, destruction, and possible population movements (c. 1208 – c. 1115 BC). A map of the Near East detailing the migrations and invasions c. 1200 BC.
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)
Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1292 – c. 1189 BC)
Campaigns and battles of Ramesses II (r. c. 1279 – c. 1213 BC )
Battle against the Sherden , Lukka , and Shekelesh sea pirates (c. 1278 – c. 1277 BC)
Ramesses II campaigns in Syria (c. 1276 – c. 1269 BC)
First Syrian campaign (c. 1276 – c. 1275 BC)
Second Syrian campaign (c. 1275 – c. 1274 BC)
Third Syrian campaign (c. 1273 – c. 1272 BC)
Later campaigns in Syria (c. 1272 – c. 1269 BC)
Twentieth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1189 – c. 1077 BC)
Canaan (c. 1510 BC – c. AD 700)
Twelve Tribes of Israel (c. 1510 – c. 1050 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the territories allotted to the "Twelve Tribes of Israel" according to the Book of Joshua, chapters 13–19, before the move of Dan to the North (c. 1200 – c. 1050 BC). A chart detailing one possible timeline of the Biblical judges c. 1397 – c. 1024 BC.
United Monarchy of Israel (c. 1050 – c. 930 BC)
House of Saul (c. 1050 – c. 991 BC)
Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah
Israelite Campaigns (c. 1510 – c. 1010 BC)
Later Israelite Campaigns (c. 1130 – c. 913 BC)
temp. Saul (r. c. 1050, c. 1047, c. 1037, c. 1030, c. 1021, c. 1020 – c. 1012, c. 1010, c. 1000 BC)
House of David (c. 1010 – c. 586 BC)
Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
Israelite campaigns (c. 1457 – c. 1010 BC)
Early Israelite campaigns (c. 1457 – c. 1130 BC)
temp. the Biblical king by the name of David (r. c. 1010 – c. 970, c. 1003 – c. 970 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the kingdom of the Biblical king David (c. 1000 – c. 930 BC).
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 776 BC)
Atreid dynasty (c. 1430 – c. 1050 BC)
Mycenaean Greek campaigns (c. 1600 – c. 1050 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)
Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1217 – c. 970 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
Iron Age I (c. 1150 – c. 1000 BC)
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1550 – c. 1077 BC)
Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (c. 1292 – c. 1189 BC)
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1189 – c. 1077 BC)
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 664 BC)
Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 945 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)
Adaside dynasty (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Tukulti-Ninurta I (r. c. 1232 – c. 1225 BC ) defeated Kashtiliash IV (the Kassite king of Babylonia), and captured the city of Babylon to ensure full Assyrian supremacy over Mesopotamia
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)
Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1217 – c. 970 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Old Babylonian period (c. 1894 – c. 1155 BC)
Third dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1741 – c. 1155 BC)
Enlil-nadin-ahi (r. c. 1157 – c. 1155 BC ), the final king of the Kassite dynasty that had ruled over Babylon, was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte (the successor of Shutruk-Nakhunte of Elam)
Middle Babylonian period (c. 1155 – c. 729 BC)
Fourth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1155 – c. 1022 BC)
Fifth Dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1021 – c. 1001 BC)
Hittite civilization (c. 2334 – c. 609 BC)
New Hittite kingdom (c. 1400 – c. 1178 BC)
Iron Age II (c. 1000 – c. 550 BC)
A map of the world c. 1000 BC color-coded by type of society. At this time, stateless societies were the norm. uninhabited
Area of iron working
Area of bronze working
A map of the Near East detailing the political divisions in ancient Egypt c. 730 BC. The rulers of the twenty-second and twenty-third dynasties ruled simultaneously, alongside Libyan chieftains controlling most of the Delta.
Egyptian Civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 664 BC)
Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt (c. 1069 – c. 945 BC)
Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt (c. 945 – c. 720 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Neo-Elamite period (c. 1100 – c. 540 BC)
Shutrukid dynasty (c. 1200 – c. 970 BC)
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Middle Assyrian period (c. 1365 – c. 934 BC)
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Neo-Assyrian period (c. 934 – c. 609 BC)
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Middle Babylonian period (c. 1155 – c. 729 BC)
Sixth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 1000 – c. 981 BC)
Seventh dynasty of Babylonia (c. 980 – c. 975 BC)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Ancient Greece (c. 1200 – c. AD 284)
Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 776 BC)
Canaan (c. 1500 BC – c. AD 700)
First Temple period (c. 957 – c. 586 BC)
House of David (c. 1010 – c. 586 BC)
Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
temp. the king by the name of Rehoboam (r. c. 931 – c. 913, c. 930 – c. 915 BC)
Northern kingdom (c. 930 – c. 720 BC)
A map of the Near East () detailing the approximated territorial extent of the kingdoms of Israel (blue) and Judah (orange).
First dynasty of the Northern kingdom (c. 931 – c. 900 BC)
Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
temp. the king by the name of Jeroboam (r. c. 931 – c. 910, c. 922 – c. 901 BC)
Jeroboam's Revolt (c. 931 – c. 913 BC)
Sack of Jerusalem (c. 925 BC)
Battle of Mount Zemaraim (c. 913 BC)
Axial Age (c. 875 – c. 212 BC)
A map of the world c. 600 BC.
Egyptian civilization (c. 4000 BC – c. AD 641)
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1077 – c. 664 BC)
Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt (c. 945 – c. 720 BC)
Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt (c. 837 – c. 728 BC)
Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt (c. 732 – c. 720 BC)
Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt (c. 747 – c. 656 BC)
Late Period of ancient Egypt (664 – 332 BC)
Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt (664 – 525 BC)
Twenty-seventh dynasty of Egypt (525 – 404 BC)
Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt (404 – 398 BC)
Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt (398 – 380 BC)
Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt (380 – 343 BC)
Thirty-first dynasty of Egypt (343 – 332 BC)
Elamite civilization (c. 3200 BC – c. AD 224)
Neo-Elamite period (c. 1100 – c. 540 BC)
Humban-Tahrid dynasty (c. 830 – c. 521 BC)
An animated map of the Near East detailing the expansion of various Iranian peoples, cultures, civilizations, kingdoms, dynasties, and/or empires (c. 3200 – c. 539 BC).
Assyrian civilization (c. 2600 – c. 609 BC)
Neo-Assyrian period (c. 934 – c. 609 BC)
Dynasty of Adasi (c. 1680 – c. 722 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing various military expeditions and/or campaigns (c. 950 – c. 880 BC). A map of the Near East detailing various military expeditions and/or campaigns (c. 970 – c. 820 BC). A map of the Near East detailing the campaigns of Shalmanesar III (c. 860 – c. 820 BC). A map of the Near East detailing Tiglath-Pileser III's conquests and deportation of Israelites. Tiglath-Pileser III discouraged revolts against Assyrian rule with the use of forced deportations of thousands of people all over the empire (c. 745 – c. 715 BC). A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the Neo-Assyrian empire (c. 824 – c. 671 BC). Campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 – 605 BC)
Dynasty of Sargon II (722 – 609 BC)
Campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 – 605 BC)
Babylonian civilization (c. 2334 BC – c. AD 224)
Middle Babylonian period (c. 1155 – c. 729 BC)
Eighth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 974 – 732 BC)
Neo-Babylonian period (732 – 539 BC)
Ninth dynasty of Babylonia (c. 732 – 626 BC)
Tenth dynasty of Babylonia (626 – c. 539 BC)
A map of the Near East detailing the approximated territorial extent of the Chaldean empire at its height.
Canaan (c. 1500 BC – c. AD 700)
First Temple period of Canaan (c. 957 – c. 586 BC)
Third dynasty of the Northern kingdom (c. 885 – c. 835 BC)
Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
temp. the king by the name of Ahab (r. c. 875 – c. 853, c. 869 – c. 850 BC)
Kingdom of Judah (c. 930 – c. 586 BC)
Campaigns of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah (c. 1457 – c. 63 BC)
temp. the king by the name of Asa (r. c. 913 – c. 873, c. 922 – c. 869 BC)
temp. the king by the name of Ahaz (r. c. 742 – c. 726, c. 731 – c. 715 BC)
Persian civilization (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1979)
A map of the Near East detailing the territorial extent of the Median empire (c. 600 BC). An animated map of the Near East detailing important events and territorial evolution of the Persian empire (550 – 323 BC). A map of the Near East prior to the invasion of Babylon by Cyrus the Great (c. 540 BC). A map of the Near East detailing Gutium, Opis, and the Persian invasion of Babylonia (September–October 539 BC). According to Ammianus Marcellinus , Hystaspes penetrated deep into India , where he learned from the Brahmins . The eastern border of the Achaemenid empire and Mahajanapadas of ancient India (including the Gandhara region c. 500 BC) are shown here. A bathymetric/topographical map of the Aegean area c. 500 – c. 493 BC, detailing major events of the Ionian revolt. A map of the Delian league , immediately before the Peloponnesian war c. 465 – c. 431 BC. A map of the Near East detailing the battles, seiges, and conquests of Alexander the Great (334 – 323 BC). A map of the Near East detailing the territorial extent of the kingdoms of the Diadochi c. 301 BC. Other Diadochi: Others: A map of the Near East depicting the territorial extent of various kingdoms and leagues of the Hellenistic world, with the Kingdom of Cappadocia (on the far left) and the Seleucid empire (in light blue) after the death of Lysimachus ; but, before the murder of Seleucus I (c. February – c. September 281 BC). Pergamon's status as independent or nominally under Seleucid control is unclear; however, it is shown as independent on this map.
Imperial period (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1106)
Median dynasty (c. 727 – c. 549 BC)
Achaemenid dynasty (c. 730 – 329 BC)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100 – c. 776 BC)
Archaic Greece (c. 776 – c. 480 BC)
Hellenistic period (323 – 31 BC)
Argead dynasty (c. 808 – 309 BC)
Seleucid dynasty (311 – 129 BC)
Syrian Wars (274 – 168 BC)
First Syrian War (274 – 271 BC)
Second Syrian War (260 – 253 BC)
Third Syrian War (246 – 241 BC)
Fourth Syrian War (219 – 217 BC)
Classical antiquity (c. 212 BC – c. AD 284)
Hellenistic period (323 – 31 BC)
Persian civilization (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1979)
Arsacid dynasty (247 BC – AD 228)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Seleucid dynasty (311 – 129 BC)
Courses of the Roman–Seleucid War with locations of key battles. Syrian Wars (274 – 168 BC)
Fifth Syrian War (202 – 195 BC)
Sixth Syrian War (170 – 168 BC)
Dark Ages (c. 91 BC – c. AD 989)
Parthian Dark Age (c. 91 BC – c. 57 BC)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Mithridatic dynasty (281 – 47 BC)
A map detailing the Battle of Tigranakert (69 BC). A map detailing Pompey 's campaign in the Near East (65 BC).
Hasmonean dynasty (c. 165 – c. 37 BC)
Pax Romana (27 BC – AD 180)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Julio-Claudian dynasty (27 BC – AD 68)
Aelius Gallus campaign in Arabia (24 BC)
Antony's Parthian War (36 – 39 BC)
Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – AD 217)
Year of the Four Emperors and Flavian dynasty (AD 68 – 96)
Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
Major conflicts (AD 66 – 136)
Roman imperial period (27 BC – AD c. 480)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Year of the Five Emperors and Severan dynasty (AD 193 – 235)
Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – AD 217)
Uprising of Syrian Legion (AD 232)
Crisis of the Third Century (AD 235 – 285)
Persian civilization (c. 730 BC – c. AD 1979)
Sasanian dynasty (AD 224 – 651)
Roman–Persian wars (54 BC – AD 628)
Late antiquity (AD c. 284 – c. 476)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Nerva–Antonine dynasty (AD 96 – 192)
Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
Major conflicts (AD 66 – 136)
Tetrarchy (AD 284 – 305)
Battle of Callinicum (AD 296)
Constantinian dynasty (AD 305 – 363)
Jewish–Roman wars (AD 6 – 352)
Theodosian dynasty (AD 379 – 457)
Isauria rebellion of 404
Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
Byzantine–Sasanian wars (AD 421 – 628)
Migration period (AD c. 375 – c. 568)
Western civilization (c. 1700 BC – Present)
Post-classical history (AD c. 476 – c. 632)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Leonid dynasty (AD 457 – 518)
Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
Roman–Sasanian wars (AD 232 – 440)
Late Antique Little Ice Age (AD c. 535 – c. 660)
Greco-Roman civilization (c. 1750 BC – c. AD 1453)
Justinian dynasty (AD 518 – 602)
Roman–Persian Wars (54 BC – AD 628)
Heraclian dynasty (AD 610 – 711)
Byzantine Dark Ages (AD c. 630 – c. 842)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Muhammad in Medina (AD 622 – 632)
Conquests of Muhammad and the Rashidun.
Early Middle Ages (AD c. 632 – c. 1054)
Turkic civilization (AD c. 357 – Present)
Ashina dynasty (AD c. 650 – c. 861)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Rashidun (AD 632 – 661)
Umayyad dynasty (AD 661 – 750)
Abbasid dynasty (AD 750 – 1258)
Modern times (AD c. 1453 – Present)
Early modern period (AD c. 1453 – c. 1806)
Discovery Age (AD c. 1336 – c. 1815)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)
Ottoman era period conflicts 1453–1516
Western civilization (c. 1700 BC – Present)
Trastámaran dynasty (AD 1366 – 1555)
Hapsburg dynasty (AD c. 1020 – Present)
Spanish colonial campaigns (AD c. 1402 – c. 1976)
Spanish–Moroccan conflicts (AD c. 1086 – c. 1975)
Spanish-Barbary Wars (AD 1609 – 1792)
Ottoman–Habsburg wars (AD 1526 – 1791)
Stuart dynasty (AD c. 1371 – 1807)
Late modern period (c. 1806 – c. 1945)
Discovery Age (c. 1336 – c. 1815)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)
Age of New Imperialism (c. 1815 – c. 1937)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)
Oil Age (c. 1846 – 1973)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)
Western civilization (c. 1700 BC – Present)
Pax Britannica (1815 – 1914)
Machine Age (c. 1880 – 1945)
Islamic civilization (AD 622 – Present)
Ottoman dynasty (AD c. 1299 – Present)
Western civilization (c. 1700 BC – Present)
Pax Britannica (1815 – 1914)