Wikipedia list article
The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria.[ 1] Cities may be defined as the cities proper , the extent of their urban area , or their metropolitan regions .[ 1] The largest city by population using the city proper definition, which is the area under the administrative boundaries of a local government, is Chongqing , China . The largest city by population using the metropolitan area definition, which is a loose term referring to urban area and its primary commuter areas, is Tokyo , Japan . The largest city by population using the urban area definition, which is a loose term referring to a contiguous area with a certain population density, is also Tokyo, Japan.
Common city definitions [ edit ] City proper (administrative)[ edit ] A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries (city proper ). UNICEF[ 1] defines city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government .[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[ 5]
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[ 5] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas.[ 6] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing , which claims the largest city proper in the world, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2 , around the size of Austria . However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting .[ 7] [ 8]
A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area , or labour market area. UNICEF[ 1] defines metropolitan area as follows:
A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).
In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for statistical purposes.[ 9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) which manages Manila metropolitan area .[ 10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area .[ 11]
Tokyo is considered the world's largest city, with its urbanisation exceeding its city limits .A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area , without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF [ 1] defines urban area as follows:
The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
According to Demographia , an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land .[ 12]
There are 81 cities with a population over 5 million people according to the United Nations 2018 estimates. The UN figures are a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area. Several cities such as Jakarta and Seoul have significantly larger metropolitan/urban population figures which are excluded on the UN data.[ 13]
City[ a]
Country
Skyline
UN 2018 population estimates[ b]
City proper [ c]
Metropolitan area [ d]
Urban area (Demographia)[ 12]
Definition
Population
Area (km2 )
Population
Area (km2 )
Population
Area (km2 )
Coastal or Lacustrine
Tokyo
Japan
37,400,068
Metropolis prefecture
13,515,271 [ 14]
2,191 [ 14]
37,274,000 [ 15]
13,452 [ 15]
37,977,000
8,230 [ e]
Yes
Delhi
India
28,514,000
Capital City
16,753,235 [ 16]
1,484
29,000,000 [ 17]
3,483 [ 17]
29,617,000
2,232 [ f]
No
Shanghai
China
25,582,000
Municipality
24,183,000 [ 18]
6,341
—
—
22,120,000
4,068 [ g]
Yes
São Paulo
Brazil
21,650,000
Municipality
12,252,023 [ 19]
1,521
21,734,682 [ 20]
7,947
22,046,000
3,116 [ h]
No
Mexico City
Mexico
21,581,000
City-state
9,209,944 [ 21]
1,485
21,804,515 [ 21]
7,866 [ 22]
20,996,000
2,386
No
Cairo
Egypt
20,076,000
Urban governorate
9,500,000 [ 23]
3,085
—
—
19,372,000
2,010
Yes
Mumbai
India
19,980,000
Municipality
12,478,447 [ 24]
603
24,400,000 [ 25]
4,355 [ 26]
23,355,000
944 [ i]
Yes
Beijing
China
19,618,000
Municipality
21,707,000 [ 18]
16,411
—
—
19,433,000
4,172
No
Dhaka
Bangladesh
19,578,000
Capital city
8,906,039 [ 27]
338 [ 28]
14,543,124 [ 29]
15,443,000
456
No
Osaka
Japan
19,281,000
Designated city
2,725,006 [ 14]
225 [ 14]
19,303,000 [ 15]
13,228 [ 15]
14,977,000
3,019 [ j]
Yes
New York City
United States
18,819,000
City
8,398,748 [ 30]
786
19,303,808 [ 31]
17,315
20,870,000
12,093 [ k]
Yes
Karachi
Pakistan
15,400,000
Metropolitan city
14,910,352 [ 32]
3,530 [ 33]
16,051,521 [ 34]
3,780 [ 35]
15,400,000
Yes
Buenos Aires
Argentina
14,967,000
Autonomous city
3,054,300 [ 36]
203
12,806,866[ 37]
16,157,000
3,221
Yes
Chongqing
China
14,838,000
Municipality
30,165,500 [ 38]
82,403
—
—
7,739,000
1,537
No
Istanbul
Turkey
14,751,000
Metropolitan municipality
15,519,267 [ 39]
5,196
—
—
15,154,000
1,375
Yes
Kolkata
India
14,681,000
Municipality
4,496,694 [ 40]
205
14,035,959 [ 41]
1,851 [ 42]
17,560,000
1,351
No
Manila
Philippines
13,482,000
Capital city
1,780,148 [ 43]
43
12,877,253 [ 43]
620
23,088,000
1,873 [ l]
Yes
Lagos
Nigeria
13,463,000
—[ m]
—
—
21,000,000 [ 44]
1,171 [ 44]
15,279,000
1,965
Yes
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
13,293,000
Municipality
6,520,000 [ 45]
1,221
12,644,321 [ 46]
5,327
12,272,000
1,912
Yes
Tianjin
China
13,215,000
Municipality
15,569,000 [ 18]
11,920
—
—
10,800,000
2,813
Yes
Kinshasa
DR Congo
13,171,000
City-province
11,462,000 [ 47]
9,965
13,528,000
473
No
Guangzhou
China
12,638,000
City (sub-provincial )
14,498,400 [ 18]
7,434
—
—
20,902,000
4,342 [ n]
Yes
Los Angeles
United States
12,458,000
City
3,990,456 [ 30]
1,214
13,291,486 [ 48]
12,559
15,402,000
6,351
Yes
Moscow
Russia
12,410,000
Federal city
13,200,000 [ 49]
2,511 [ 50]
20,004,462 [ 51]
—
17,125,000
5,891
No
Shenzhen
China
11,908,000
City (sub-provincial )
12,528,300 [ 18]
2,050
—
—
15,929,000
1,803
Yes
Lahore
Pakistan
11,738,000
Metropolitan city
11,126,000 [ 32]
1,772
11,021,000
853
No
Bangalore
India
11,440,000
Municipality
8,443,675 [ 52]
709
13,707,000
1,205
No
Paris
France
10,901,000
Commune
2,148,271 [ 53]
105
12,244,807 [ 54]
11,020,000
2,509
No
Bogotá
Colombia
10,574,000
Capital District
7,963,000 [ 55]
1,587
12,545,272 [ 56]
5,934
9,464,000
584
No
Jakarta
Indonesia
10,517,000
Special capital region
10,154,134 [ 57]
664 [ 57]
33,430,285 [ 58]
7,063 [ 58]
34,540,000
3,540 [ o]
Yes
Chennai
India
10,456,000
Municipality
6,727,000 [ 59]
426 [ 60]
11,324,000
1,049
Yes
Lima
Peru
10,391,000
Metropolitan municipality
8,894,000 [ 61]
2,672
9,569,468 [ 62]
2,819
9,848,000
890
Yes
Bangkok
Thailand
10,156,000
Special administrative area
5,782,000 [ 63]
1,569
16,255,900 [ 64]
7,762 [ 65]
17,066,000
3,199
Yes
Seoul
South Korea
9,963,000
Special city
9,806,000 [ 66]
605
25,514,000 [ 67]
11,704
21,794,000
2,768 [ p]
Yes
Nagoya
Japan
9,507,000
Designated city
2,320,361 [ 14]
326 [ 14]
9,363,000 [ 15]
7,271 [ 15]
9,113,000
3,704
Yes
Hyderabad
India
9,482,000
Municipality
6,993,262 [ 68]
650 [ 69]
9,746,000
1,273
No
London
United Kingdom
9,046,000
Capital city
8,825,001 [ 70]
1,572
14,372,596 [ 54]
10,979,000
1,739
Yes
Tehran
Iran
8,896,000
Capital city
9,033,003 [ 71]
751 [ 72]
13,633,000
1,704
No
Chicago
United States
8,864,000
City
2,705,994 [ 30]
589
9,498,716 [ 73]
18,640
9,014,000
7,006
Yes
Chengdu
China
8,813,000
City (sub-provincial )
16,044,700 [ 18]
14,378
—
—
11,309,000
1,828
No
Nanjing
China
8,245,000
City (sub-provincial )
7,260,000 [ 74]
6,582
—
—
7,496,000
1,613
No
Wuhan
China
8,176,000
City (sub-provincial )
10,892,900 [ 18]
8,494
—
—
8,962,000
1,646
No
Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam
8,145,000
Municipality
7,431,000 [ 75]
2,061
13,312,000
1,638
Yes
Luanda
Angola
7,774,000
Municipality
2,165,867 [ 76]
116 [ 76]
8,417,000
1,023
Yes
Ahmedabad
India
7,681,000
Municipality
5,570,585 [ 77]
464
6,300,000[ 78]
7,410,000
359
No
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
7,564,000
City
1,768,000 [ 79]
243
7,200,000 [ 80]
2,793 [ 80]
8,285,000
2,162
No
Xi'an
China
7,444,000
City (sub-provincial )
8,989,000 [ 18]
10,135
—
—
7,135,000
1,088
Yes
Hong Kong
China
7,429,000
Special administrative region
7,298,600 [ 81]
1,104 [ 82]
—
—
7,347,000
291
Yes
Dongguan
China
7,360,000
Prefecture-level city
8,342,500 [ 18]
2,465
—
—
7,981,000
1,755
Yes
Hangzhou
China
7,236,000
City (sub-provincial )
9,468,000 [ 18]
16,596
—
—
6,446,000
1,446
Yes
Foshan
China
7,236,000
City (sub-provincial )
7,197,394 [ 18]
3,848
—
—
—
—
Yes
Shenyang
China
6,921,000
City (sub-provincial )
8,294,000 [ 18]
12,980
—
—
7,105,000
1,515 [ q]
No
Riyadh
Saudi Arabia
6,907,000
Municipality
6,694,000 [ 83]
1,913
—
—
6,881,000
1,672
No
Baghdad
Iraq
6,812,000
Urban governorate
8,126,755 [ 84]
5,200 [ 84]
—
—
5,796,000
693
No
Santiago
Chile
6,680,000
City (commune )
236,453 [ 85]
22 [ 85]
7,112,808 [ 86]
15,403 [ 86]
7,007,000
1,148
No
Surat
India
6,564,000
Municipality
4,466,826 [ 87]
327 [ 87]
5,807,000
238
Yes
Madrid
Spain
6,497,000
Municipality
3,266,126 [ 88]
606
6,641,649 [ 54]
6,026,000
1,365
No
Suzhou
China
6,339,000
City (sub-provincial )
10,721,700 [ 18]
8,488.42
—
—
5,250,000
1,373
Yes
Pune
India
6,276,000
Municipality
3,124,458 [ 89]
276
7,276,000 [ 90]
7,256 [ 90]
7,764,000
649
No
Harbin
China
6,115,000
City (sub-provincial )
10,635,971 [ 18]
53,068
—
—
4,458,000
670
No
Houston
United States
6,115,000
City
2,325,502 [ 30]
1,553
6,997,384 [ 91]
21,395 [ 91]
6,406,000
4,930
Yes
Dallas
United States
6,099,000
City
1,345,047 [ 30]
882
7,470,158 [ 92]
22,463 [ 92]
6,830,000
5,279 [ r]
No
Toronto
Canada
6,082,000
City
2,731,571 [ 93]
630 [ 94]
5,928,040 [ 95]
5,906 [ 95]
6,871,000
2,334
Yes
Dar es Salaam
Tanzania
6,048,000
4,364,541
1,393
6,698,000
604
Yes
Miami
United States
6,036,000
470,914 [ 30]
92.9
6,158,824
15,890
6,144,000
3,313
Yes
Belo Horizonte
Brazil
5,972,000
2,502,557
330.9
5,156,217
9,459.1
5,159,000
1,288
No
Singapore
Singapore
5,792,000
Country
5,638,700
725.7
—
—
5,745,000
523
Yes
Philadelphia
United States
5,695,000
Consolidated city-county
1,526,006
369.59
6,096,120
5,684,000
5,430
Yes
Atlanta
United States
5,572,000
420,003
354.22
5,949,951
21,690
5,361,000
7,400
No
Fukuoka
Japan
5,551,000
Designated city
1,588,924
343.39
2,128,000
504
Yes
Khartoum
Sudan
5,534,000
639,598
22,142
5,274,321
7,282,000
1,031
No
Barcelona
Spain
5,494,000
Municipality
1,620,343 [ 96]
101.4
5,474,482 [ 97]
4,588,000
1,072
Yes
Johannesburg
South Africa
5,486,000
Metropolitan municipality
9,505,000
2,542
No
Saint Petersburg
Russia
5,383,000
Federal city
5,230,000
1,372
Yes
Qingdao
China
5,381,000
City (sub-provincial )
5,911,000
1,656
Yes
Dalian
China
5,300,000
City (sub-provincial )
3,776,000
988
Yes
Washington, D.C.
United States
5,207,000
Federal district
702,455 [ 30]
177
6,263,245 [ 98]
17,009
7,518,000
5,500 [ s]
Yes
Yangon
Myanmar
5,157,000
City
6,314,000
603
Yes
Alexandria
Egypt
5,086,000
Urban governorate
4,318,000
292
Yes
Jinan
China
5,052,000
City (sub-provincial )
8,700,000
10,244
—
—
4,026,000
797
Yes
Guadalajara
Mexico
5,023,000
Municipality
1,385,621 [ 21]
151
5,286,642 [ 21]
3,560 [ 22]
5,253,000
810
Yes
^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city , the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex ) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila , instead of Quezon City ).
^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.[ 13]
^ Figures taken from official census when possible
^ Figures taken from official census when possible
^ Includes large areas Tokyo , Kanagawa , Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma , Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
^ Includes Faridabad , Ghaziabad , Noida , Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi .
^ Includes Taicang
^ Includes Francisco Morato
^ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel , Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar .
^ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto , collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
^ Includes Bridgeport , New Haven , Trenton , Danbury , Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan , Cavite , Laguna , Rizal , Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
^ Although commonly referred to as a city, Lagos is a metropolitan area consisting of 16 local government areas .
^ Includes the city of Foshan .
^ Includes Tangerang , South Tangerang , Bogor , Bekasi and Karawang .
^ Includes the city of Incheon .
^ Includes the city of Fushun .
^ Includes the city of Fort Worth , collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex .
^ Includes the city of Baltimore .
^ a b c d e "SOWC-2012-DEFINITIONS" . UNICEF . Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014 .
^ "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database" . United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010 .
^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics" . United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2010 .
^ Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57 . United Nations. 2008. p. 241. ISBN 978-92-1-051099-8 . Archived from the original on 2 May 2016.
^ a b World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision . United Nations. 2004. ISBN 92-1-151396-0 .
^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "The world's biggest cities: How do you measure them?" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015 .
^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "Which is the world's biggest city?" – via www.bbc.com.
^ Callahan, William A. (12 April 2015). China Dreams: 20 Visions of the Future . Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235239 – via Google Books.
^ Nussle, Jim (20 November 2008). "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF) . Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017.
^ http://www.mmda.gov.ph/mmda-about-us.html
^ Widyanto, Untung (6 December 2018). "3 Masalah Utama BKSP Jabodetabekjur yang Dipimpin Anies Baswedan" . Tempo .
^ a b "Demographia World Urban Areas, 15th Annual Edition" (PDF) . Demographia . April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2016 .
^ a b https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Highlights.pdf
^ a b c d e f "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information" .
^ a b c d e f "Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas" (PDF) . Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 21. Retrieved 26 November 2013 .
^ "Provisional Population Totals" (PDF) . Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation . 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2020 .
^ a b Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (17 February 2019). "Delhi could be the world's most populous city by 2028. But is it really prepared?" – via The Economic Times.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "China: Administrative Division (Provinces and Prefectures) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map" . www.citypopulation.de .
^ "IBGE discloses municipal population estimates for 2019" (in Portuguese). IBGE . Retrieved 6 November 2019 .
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^ a b c d "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 26 January 2021 .
^ a b "Delimitation of Mexico's Metropolitan Areas 2015" (in Spanish). CONAPO. Retrieved 29 December 2020 .
^ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء" . www.capmas.gov.eg . Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018 .
^ "Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts" . Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
^ "Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for Greater Mumbai" (PDF) . portal.mcgm.gov.in. Retrieved 12 March 2020 .
^ "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - About MMR" . mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in .
^ "Population & Housing Census-2011" (PDF) . Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics . p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015 .
^ Brinkhoff, Thomas. "Bangladesh: Districts and Cities" . CityPopulation. Retrieved 20 October 2015 .
^ "Dhaka (Bangladesh): City Districts and Subdistricts - Population Statistics, Charts and Map" . www.citypopulation.de .
^ a b c d e f g "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by 1 July 2018 Population: 1 April 2010 to 1 July 2018" . United States Census Bureau , Population Division. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2019 .
^ "New York - Newark - Jersey City (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location" . www.citypopulation.de .
^ a b Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. "Population of Major Cities - Census 2017" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2017.
^ "Many countries have two or more capital cities: How about designating Karachi as Pakistan's second capital?" . The News International . 13 September 2019.
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^ "Argentina: Provinces and Agglomerations" . citypopulation.de . Retrieved 20 October 2015 .
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^ 2015年重庆常住人口3016.55万人 继续保持增长态势 [In 2015, Chongqing's resident population of 30,165,500 people continued to grow] (in Chinese). Chongqing News. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016 .
^ "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2017" . Turkish Statistical Institute . 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018 .
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^ "Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada" . www.justice.gov. Retrieved 12 March 2020 .
^ "..::Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority::." kmdaonline.org .
^ a b Census of Population (2015). "National Capital Region (NCR)" . Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay . Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved 20 June 2016 .
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Category:Cities-related lists of superlatives
Category:Lists of cities (worldwide) by population
Category:Urban geography
Category:Largest things