Today

Did you know...

Mel Carnahan

... that Mel Carnahan (pictured) was the first person to be elected to the United States Senate posthumously?
... that Korean brick toys, colloquially called "Korean Lego", often feature themes of "war and danger", including sets such as military vehicles?
... that stage director and scenic designer Daniela Kerck crafted a new ending to Puccini's unfinished opera Turandot for the 2024 Internationale Maifestspiele?
... that the Oxtongue River, historically a canoe route for indigenous people, is still used for recreational canoeing?
... that Native American studies professor Joely Proudfit has received tenure from three different universities?
... that Metro Boomin unknowingly sampled a song created with generative artificial intelligence in the diss track "BBL Drizzy"?
... that young Erismatopterus formed shoals as a likely way to avoid predators?
... that Fatimid vizier al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi helped empower Caliph al-Amir, only to be later imprisoned and executed by him?
... that due to legal and union restrictions, the production team for the Doctor Who episode "Space Babies" occasionally had to replace real babies with props?

In the news

Iberian lynx

Coordinated terrorist attacks in Dagestan, Russia, leave 27 people dead.
The Iberian lynx (pictured) is reclassified from endangered to vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Thailand's parliament passes a bill to recognise same-sex marriage.
American baseball player Willie Mays dies at the age of 93.

On this day...

June 25: Eid al-Ghadir (Shia Islam, 2024),

Michael Jackson in 1993

1658 – Anglo-Spanish War: The largest battle ever fought on Jamaica, the three-day Battle of Rio Nuevo, began.
1910 – The United States Congress passed the Mann Act, which prohibited the interstate transport of females for "immoral purposes".
1944 – World War II: U.S. Navy and Royal Navy ships bombarded Cherbourg, France, to support U.S. Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.
1950 – The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 82 condemning the North Korean invasion of South Korea.
2009 – Singer Michael Jackson (pictured) died as a result of the combination of drugs in his body.

Giovanni Battista Riccioli (d. 1671)
Eloísa Díaz (b. 1866)
George Michael (b. 1963)
Farrah Fawcett (d. 2009)

More anniversaries:

Today's featured picture

The Great Train Robbery is a 1903 American silent film made by Edwin S. Porter for the Edison Manufacturing Company. It follows a gang of outlaws who hold up and rob a steam locomotive at a station in the American West, flee across mountainous terrain, and are finally defeated by a posse of locals. The short film draws on many sources, including a robust existing tradition of Western films, recent European innovations in film technique, the play of the same name by Scott Marble, the popularity of train-themed films, and possibly real-life incidents involving outlaws such as Butch Cassidy.

Film credit: Edwin S. Porter

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Continents of Earth

Prehistoric supercontinents
Columbia
Gondwana
Kenorland
Laurasia
Nena
Pangaea
Pannotia
Rodinia
Ur
Vaalbara

Other prehistoric continents
Amazonia
Arctica
Asiamerica
Atlantica
Avalonia
Baltica
Chilenia
Cimmeria
Congo Craton
Cuyania
East Antarctica
Euramerica
Kalaharia
Kazakhstania
Laramidia
Laurentia
North China
Pampia
Sahul
Siberia
South China

Submerged continent/lands and microcontinents
Beringia
Cathaysia
Doggerland
Great Australian Bight
Jan Mayen
Kerguelen Plateau
Madagascar
Mauritia
Sahul
Seychelles
Sunda
Zealandia

Possible future supercontinents
Amasia
Aurica
Novopangaea
Pangaea Proxima

Mythical, lost, and hypothesised continents
Atlantis
Hyperborea
Kumari Kandam
Lemuria
Meropis
Mu
Terra Australis

Earth's primary regions and subregions

Africa	Mediterranean Saharan Northern Maghreb Middle East Middle East and North Africa Mashriq Sub-Saharan Western East Horn Great Lakes Central Southern
Antarctica	East Antarctica Antarctic Plateau Trans-Antarctic Mountains West Antarctica Antarctic Peninsula
Asia	Central Aral Sea Aralkum Desert Caspian Sea Far East Pacific Asia Russian Far East Eastern Northeastern Inner Asia Greater Central Asia Southeastern Mainland Maritime Northern Siberia Ural Southern Subregions Himalayan states Indian subcontinent Western Levant Dead Sea Mediterranean Greater Iran Iranian Plateau Arabian Peninsula Caucasus South Caucasus Middle East Middle East and North Africa Near East Mashriq Asia–Pacific Pacific Asia
Europe	Central Northern Baltic British Isles Nordic Northwestern Scandinavia Scandinavian Peninsula Eastern Southeastern Balkans Caucasus South Caucasus North Caucasus Southern Russia European Russia Southern South-central Apennine Peninsula South-eastern Balkan Peninsula South-western Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean Middle East Western Atlantic Low Countries Northwestern Germanic Romance Celtic Slavic
North America	Northern Pacific Northwest Northeastern United States New England Midwest Mid-Atlantic Western United States Southwest Mountain states South Central United States Southern United States East Coast West Coast Bible Belt Appalachia Great Lakes Eastern Canada Western Canada Canadian Prairies Northern Canada Atlantic Canada Northern Mexico Aridoamerica Caribbean West Indies Central Middle Mesoamerica Anglo French Latin Ibero Hispanic Portuguese Latin America and the Caribbean
Oceania	Australasia Australia Mainland Australia New Guinea Tasmania Zealandia Melanesia Island Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Near Oceania Remote Oceania
South America	Amazon Plain Amazon Basin Amazon Rainforest Andean States Brazilian Highlands Caribbean South America Southern Cone Patagonia The Guianas Latin America and the Caribbean

Islands

By continent	Africa America North America Caribbean Central America South America Antarctica Asia Europe by area by population Oceania Australia New Zealand
By ocean	Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Caribbean Sea Irish Sea Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Ionian Sea Indian Ocean Persian Gulf Pacific Ocean East China Sea South China Sea Southern Ocean

Oceans

Other waterbodies

Polar

Global

Continents of Earth / List of seas / Physical Earth

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Atmosphere	Atmosphere of Earth Prebiotic atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Weather
Climate	Climate system Energy balance Climate change Climate variability and change Climatology Paleoclimatology
Continents	Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Europe North America South America
Culture and society	List of sovereign states dependent territories In culture Earth Day Flag Symbol World economy Etymology World history Time zones World
Environment	Biome Biosphere Biogeochemical cycles Ecology Ecosystem Human impact on the environment Evolutionary history of life Nature
Geodesy	Cartography Computer cartography Earth's orbit Geodetic astronomy Geomatics Gravity Navigation Remote Sensing Geopositioning Virtual globe
Geophysics	Earth structure Fluid dynamics Geomagnetism Magnetosphere Mineral physics Seismology Plate tectonics Signal processing Tomography
Geology	Age of Earth Earth science Extremes on Earth Future Geological history Geologic time scale Geologic record History of Earth
Oceans	Antarctic/Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Oceanography
Natural satellite	Moon
Planetary science	Evolution of the Solar System Geology of solar terrestrial planets Location in the Universe Solar System
Category

Video game genres

List of video game genres

Action

Platformer	Endless runner Platform fighter
Shooter	Arena First-person Hero Light gun Shoot 'em up Bullet hell Rail Twin-stick Tactical Third-person
Survival	Battle royale Survival horror
Other	Beat 'em up Hack and slash Fighting Platform fighter Maze Pac-Man clone Snake Stealth

Life	Dating Farming God Social Virtual pet
CMS	Business City-building Government
Sports	Fishing Racing Kart racing Sim racing
Vehicle	Flight simulation Combat Lunar Lander Space Submarine simulator Train simulator Vehicular combat
Other	Falling-sand Immersive sim

Strategy

Other genres

Related concepts

Themes	Advergame Bishōjo Christian Comedy Educational Girls Licensed Otome Sexual Eroge Nonviolent Personalized Sci-fi Serious Art Climate change News
Player modes	Multiplayer Co-op PVP Single-player
Production	AAA Indie Doujin soft Fan game
Design	Casual Hypercasual Emergent gameplay FMV Gacha Kaizo Masocore Nonlinear gameplay Open world Sandbox Side-scrolling Twitch gameplay Vertically scrolling
Other	Minigame Toys-to-life Video game clone Video game modding Video game remake

The Lord of the Rings

J. R. R. Tolkien

About

Analysis

Elements	Artwork Family trees Heraldry Languages Black Speech Elvish Quenya Sindarin Khuzdul Maps Poetry A Elbereth Gilthoniel Namárië Song of Eärendil The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late The Road Goes Ever On A Walking Song Proverbs
Themes	Addiction to power Ancestry as guide to character Architecture Christianity Death and immortality Decline and fall Economy England Environmentalism Forests Heroism Luck and fate Magic Mental illness Moral dilemma Music Naming of weapons Northern courage Paganism Plants Psychological journeys Quests Race Sexuality Sound and language Time Trees Women
Influences	Antiquarianism Beowulf Celtic Classical world First World War Norse Medieval Modern sources Modernism A mythology for England Philology Shakespeare
Techniques	Anachronism Character pairing Editorial framing Frame stories Pseudotranslation Impression of depth Narrative structure Interlacing Storytelling Prose style Ambiguity Epic Pooh

Peoples

Maiar	Balrogs Sauron Wizards Gandalf Radagast Saruman
Free peoples	Dwarves Balin Gimli Elves Galadriel Glorfindel Half-elven Arwen Elrond Legolas Thranduil Ents Treebeard Hobbits Bilbo Frodo Merry Pippin Sam Men Beornings Drúedain Dúnedain Aragorn of Gondor Boromir Denethor Faramir of Rohan Éomer Éowyn Théoden Wormtongue
Monsters	Barrow-wight Gollum Nazgûl Witch-king of Angmar Old Man Willow Orcs Shelob Trolls Wargs Watcher in the Water
Other	Eagles Goldberry Tom Bombadil

World

Geography	Eriador Bree Old Forest Rivendell The Shire Bag End Gondor Harad Lothlórien Mirkwood Moria Mordor Rohan Isengard
Battles	Helm's Deep Pelennor Fields Morannon
Objects	Mithril Palantírs Phial of Galadriel Rings of Power One Ring List of weapons and armour

Related
works

Adaptations and derivative works

Books

Illustrations

Theatre

Fellowship! (2005)
Lord of the Rings (2006)

Music

Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings (1972)
Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings (1988)
Led Zeppelin
- "Ramble On" (1969)
- "Misty Mountain Hop" (1971)
- "The Battle of Evermore" (1971)

Radio

Film

Animated

The Lord of the Rings (Bakshi, 1978)
The Return of the King (Rankin/Bass, 1980)
The War of the Rohirrim (2024)

Peter Jackson
series

The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) The Two Towers (2002) The Return of the King (2003)
Music	"Concerning Hobbits" "Into the West" "May It Be"
Approach	Production Peter Jackson's interpretation Picturing Tolkien

Other

Sagan om ringen (1971)
Khraniteli (1991)
Hobitit (1993)
The Rings of Power (2022)
- music

Fan-made

The Hunt for Gollum (2009)
Born of Hope (2009)

Video games

The Lord of the Rings Online	Mines of Moria Siege of Mirkwood Rise of Isengard Riders of Rohan Helm's Deep Mordor Minas Morgul War of Three Peaks Fate of Gundabad Before the Shadow

Tabletop role-
playing games

Board games

Card games

Other games

Lego video games

Island

Creator

Lego Creator
Knights' Kingdom

Racers

Bionicle

Battles

Lego Battles
- Ninjago

Ninjago

City

Lego City Undercover
- The Chase Begins

Legends of Chima