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The Income Tax Department (also referred to as IT Department or ITD) is a government agency undertaking direct tax collection of the Government of India. It functions under the Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance.^[3] Income Tax Department is headed by the apex body Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). Main responsibility of IT Department is to enforce various direct tax laws, most important among these being the Income-tax Act, 1961, to collect revenue for Government of India. It also enforces other economic laws like the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988^[4] and the Black Money Act, 2015^[5].

The Income Tax Act, 1961 has wide scope and empowers ITD to levy tax on income of individuals, firms, companies, local authorities, societies, or other artificial juridical persons^[6]. Therefore Income Tax Department influences businesses, professionals, NGOs, income earning citizens, and local authorities among others. The Act empowers Income Tax Department to tax international businesses and professionals and therefore ITD deals in all matters of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements and various other aspects of international taxation such as Transfer pricing. Combating tax evasion and tax avoidance practices has been key focus of ITD to ensure constitutionally guided political economy. One measure to combat aggressive tax avoidance is General Anti Avoidance Rules (GAAR).^[7]

The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) is a part of Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance. The CBDT provides inputs for policy and planning of direct taxes in India, and is also responsible for administration of direct tax laws through the IT Department. The CBDT is a statutory authority functioning under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963. The officials of the Board in their ex officio capacity also function as a division of the Ministry dealing with matters relating to levy and collection of direct taxes. The CBDT is headed by Chairman and also comprises six members, all of whom are ex officio Special Secretary to the Government of India.

The Chairman and members of the CBDT are selected from the Indian Revenue Service (IRS), whose members constitute the top management of the IT Department. The Chairman and every member of CBDT are responsible for exercising supervisory control over definite areas of field offices of IT Department, known as Zones. Various functions and responsibilities of the CBDT are distributed amongst Chairman and six members, with only fundamental issues reserved for collective decision by the CBDT. The areas for collective decision by the CBDT include policy regarding discharge of statutory functions of the CBDT and of the Union Government under the various direct tax laws. They also include general policy relating to:

• Set up and structure of Income Tax Department;
• Methods and procedures of work of the CBDT;
• Measures for disposal of assessments, collection of taxes, prevention and detection of tax evasion and tax avoidance;
• Recruitment, training and all other matters relating to service conditions and career prospects of all personnel of the Income-tax Department;
• Laying down of targets and fixing of priorities for disposal of assessments and collection of taxes and other related matters;
• Write off of tax demand exceeding Rs.25 lakhs in each case;
• Policy regarding grant of rewards and appreciation certificates.

Any other matter, which the Chairman or any Member of the Board, with the approval of the Chairman, may refer for joint consideration of the Board.^[8] The powers of Tax Recovery Officers (TROs) were increased by Government of India in June 2016.^[9]

The Finance Ministry instructed all revenue intelligence agencies to join the crackdown on forex traders, hawala operators and jewellers besides tracking movement of demonetised currency notes.^[10]

Income Tax departments raided various illegal tax-evasive businesses in Delhi, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Ludhiana and other cities that traded with demonetised currency.^[11] The Enforcement Directorate issued several FEMA notices to forex and gold traders.^[10] Large sum of cash in defunct notes were seized in different parts of the country.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} In Chhattisgarh liquid cash worth of ₹4.4 million (US$53,000) was seized.^[17]

• In 2016, December the Income Tax department,received more than 4000 emails, on black money holders, in India, within 3 days, when Income Tax Department, issued in public notice an email to report black money^[18]

Huge amounts of cash in the form of new notes were seized all over the country after the demonetisation.^[19][20]

In December 2016, over 4 crore in new ₹2000 notes were seized from four persons in Bangalore,^[21][22][23] ₹33 lakh in ₹2000 notes were recovered from Manish Sharma, an expelled BJP leader in West Bengal,^[24][25] and ₹1.5 crore was seized in Goa.^[26] 900 notes of the new ₹2000 denomination were seized from a BJP leader in Tamil Nadu.^[27] Around ₹10 crore in new notes were seized in Chennai.^[28]

As of 10 December, ₹242 crore in new notes had been seized.^[29]

It was announced by the government that the seized notes will be brought into the mainstream as soon as possible to ease out the cash problem.

• Income Tax Department Karnataka & Goa
• Central Excise (India)
• Union budget of India

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