This is the user sandbox of Aschin1. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here.Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review!

Published material

Women's work

A 1993 study of the sexual division of labor found that in families where both partners worked, women still performed 81 percent of the cooking, 78 percent of the cleaning, 87 percent of the family shopping, and 63 percent of the bill paying.[1] Although 43 percent of men claim to share child care equally with their spouses, only 19 percent of women agree. Professional women work roughly fifteen hours longer at home each week than do their husbands.

Intersex

Surgeons are pressured to "assign a sex" within 24 hours. They use complicated medical jargon when explaining to parents the situation of their newborn infant, leaving out crucial details necessary for making an informed decision. Controversy surrounds the sex-assignment procedure as the individual has no say in the matter.[2]

Norplant

however in the beginning of Norplant's facilitation, doctors were not trained in removal procedures, which proved to cause further complications later on.[3]

Information regarding the cost of removal (which was often ten times the cost of insertion) was withheld from certain patients, namely those within the black community. As a result, patients resorted to personal attempts at removing Norplant, often with improvised instruments that worsened their condition.[4]

Lucy (Australopithecus)

Women in science

According to salary figures reported in 1991, women earn anywhere between 83.6 percent to 87.5 percent that of a man's salary. An even greater disparity between men and women is the ongoing trend that women scientists with more experience are never as well-compensated as their male counterparts. The salary of a male engineer continues to experience growth as he gains experience whereas the female engineer sees her salary reach a plateau.[5]

In the early 1980s, Margaret Rossiter presented two concepts for understanding the statistics behind women in science as well as the disadvantages women continued to suffer. She coined the terms "hierarchical segregation" and "territorial segregation." The former term describes the phenomenon in which the further one goes up the chain of command in the field, the smaller the presence of women. The latter describes the phenomenon in which women "cluster in scientific disciplines."[6]

Criticisms

Scientific historian Londa Schiebinger questions the claim that Johanson's team made concerning Lucy's gender, citing that they wrote "the pelvic opening in hominids has to be proportionately larger in females than in males to allow for the birth of larger-braind infants." Contradicting this evidence was the timing of development of large hominid brains. Schiebinger continues to critique the assumptions made concerning Lucy's sex based upon the skeleton's size.[7]

Sandbox-specific content

Lynda Birke

Lynda Birke is a biologist specializing in the development of young mammals as well as animal behavior. She is currently working at the University of Lancaster in the Institute for Women's Studies.[8]

She graduated from the University of Sussex and received a master's in biology as well as a doctorate in animal behavior, both at Sussex.

Much of her work in the field of feminist science studies has been critiques of biological determinism.

Awards

Books

Articles

Critiques

References

  1. ^ Galinsky, Ellen (1993). National Study of the Changing Workforce. Families and Work Institute. pp. 49, 51, 54.
  2. ^ Anne Fausto-Sterling (2000). Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York: Basic Books. pp. 44–77.
  3. ^ Roberts, Dorothy (1997). Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. Chapter 3: Pantheon Books.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ^ Roberts, Dorothy (1997). Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. Chapter 3: Pantheon Books.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. ^ Margaret A. Einsenhart, Elizabeth Finkel (2001). "1". In Muriel Lederman, Ingrid Bartsch (ed.). The Gender and Science Reader. New York: Routledge. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-415-21358-5.
  6. ^ Schiebinger, Londa (2001). Has Feminism Changed Science?. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-674-00544-0.
  7. ^ Schiebinger, Londa (2001). Has Feminism Changed Science?. Harvard University Press. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-0-674-00544-0.
  8. ^ Switala, Kristin. "Lynda Birke". Retrieved 15 November 2012.

External links

Enforcement

United States

The government provided many incentives for black women at the poverty line to utilize Norplant. In many cases, Norplant was a requirement by many employers before they would hire potential employees.

Controversy

Sarah Baartman has been the subject of much research, even after her death. Anne Fausto-Sterling argues that the mere study of Sarah Baartman as someone outside of the norm is in fact a form of objectification. Why do we even ask the question regarding the size of Baartman's genitalia?[1]

Feminist science studies

A relatively new field which advocates the integration (versus traditional segregation) of the sciences and the humanities. The purpose of feminist science studies is to illuminate the inherent bias that is present in traditional fields of science. The main argument that feminists bring forth is that science is mistakenly viewed as the objective "truth" in that the scientist as an observer merely records what he sees in nature. This model of the progression of science is thought to be outdated and misleading by feminists.

In feminist science studies, students are taught that scientists regard nature through subjective lenses. These lenses are, in fact, the metaphors that society propagates. Instead of science being an "objective truth" that trickles down into society, feminist science studies argue that society places scientists in a predetermined mindset that influences the interpretation of data and research. In other words, scientists arrive at conclusions that they want to see, and do not necessarily express the reality of what is being viewed.

History

Feminist sciences

List of prominent contributors

Research

Articles on feminist and women's studies on JSTOR.

Articles by Anne Fausto-Sterling and Emily Martin.

References

  1. ^ Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2001). Muriel Lederman (ed.). The Gender and Science Reader. Routledge. pp. 343–366. ISBN 978-0-415-21358-5. ((cite book)): More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
More