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The Uppsala Synod in 1593 was the most important synod of the Lutheran Church of Sweden. Sweden had gone through its Protestant Reformation and broken with Roman Catholicism in the 1520s, but an official confession of faith had never been declared.

History

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The synod was summoned to Uppsala by Duke Charles, heir to the Swedish throne. Four bishops and over 300 priests were also present. The synod was opened on March 1, by Nils Göransson Gyllenstierna, and on the following day Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis, a professor of theology at the Uppsala University, was elected chairman.

By March 5, the synod had decided to declare the Holy Scripture the sole guideline for religion. The three creeds—the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian—were officially recognized, and the unaltered Lutheran Augsburg Confession (1530) was adopted.

After the unanimous acceptance of the unaltered Augsburg Confession, Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis, who was presiding, exclaimed, "Now Sweden is one man, and we all have one Lord and God."^[1]

Another important decision was that only the Lutheran doctrine was to be allowed; Calvinism, Roman Catholicism, and Zwinglianism were all officially banned. The Catholic-inclined liturgy of King John III of Sweden (1537–1592) was also rejected.

On March 15, Abraham Angermannus was elected Archbishop of Uppsala.

The meeting closed on March 20, after its decrees were signed—first by Duke Charles, members of the council, and bishops, and then by representatives from all over the country.^{[citation needed]}

In the international book series Corpus Christianorum, a critical edition of the synod's decision is published together with a detailed commentary in English.^[2]

Signatories of the Uppsala Synod

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Signatories of the Uppsala Synod were, among others:

References

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^ N.F. Lutheran Cyclopedia, article, "Upsala, Diet of", New York: Schrivner, 1899. p. 528-9.
^ ”Concilium Upsaliense 1593" edidit Oloph Bexell in: Corpus Christianorum. Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Generaliumque Decreta. Editio critica. VI/1/2. Synods of the Churches of and after the Reformation. The Dawn of the Reformation (16th–17th Centuries).Curantibus O. Bexell et al. Edidit A. Melloni, Brepols 2023, s. 916–927.
^ Janbrink, Bo Eriksson (2006). "Erik Sparre". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in Swedish). Riksarkivet. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

Kyrkomöte, in Nordisk familjebok (1911) (in Swedish)

History of Lutheranism

Start of the
Reformation

Events

Ninety-five Theses Heidelberg Disputation Leipzig Debate Marburg Colloquy Diet of Speyer (1529) Protestation at Speyer Articles of Schwabach Presentation of the Augsburg Confession Nuremberg Religious Peace
Reformation in	Denmark–Norway and Holstein Finland Germany Iceland Sweden

Reformers

Early turmoil

Events	Dissemination of the Augsburg Confession Variata Colloquy of Worms (1540–1541) Diet of Regensburg Regensburg Interim Schmalkaldic War Augsburg Interim Leipzig Interim Peace of Passau Peace of Augsburg Colloquy of Worms (1557) Counter-Reformation Council of Trent § Protestant response Publication of the Magdeburg Centuries Adiaphoristic controversies (first second) Controversy on the Descent into Hell Presentation of the Greek Augsburg Confession Signing of the Formula of Concord Liturgical struggle Uppsala Synod
People	Philip Melanchthon Matthias Flacius Nicolaus Gallus Cyriacus Spangenberg Joachim Westphal Andreas Musculus Victorinus Strigel Johannes Agricola Andreas Osiander John the Magnanimous
Factions	Crypto-Calvinism Sacramentarians Philippists Ubiquitarians Gnesio-Lutherans Crypto-Lutherans

Orthodox and
Scholastic
periods

Early	Acceptance of the Book of Concord Martin Chemnitz Colloquy of Mumpelgart Jakob Andreae Nikolaus Selnecker David Chytraeus Matthias Hafenreffer Leonhard Hutter Aegidius Hunnius Stephan Praetorius
High	Johann Gerhard J. A. Quenstedt Abraham Calovius Georg Calixtus Nicolaus Hunnius Jesper Brochmand Salomo Glassius Johann Hülsemann J. C. Dannhauer J. F. König Johannes Musaeus J. W. Baier Thirty Years' War
Late	David Hollatz Christian Scriver V. E. Löscher J. M. Goeze Salzburg Protestants Landlers

Speculative

or critical

theologies

Wolffian	Johann Salomo Semler Johann David Michaelis Johann Christoph Döderlein
Old Tübingen school	Gottlob Christian Storr Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind Johann Friedrich Flatt
Kantian	Christoph Friedrich von Ammon Julius Wegscheider Wilhelm Gesenius Albrecht Ritschl Adolf von Harnack Wilhelm Herrmann
Hegelian	Karl Daub Philip Marheineke David Strauss Ferdinand Christian Baur Richard Adelbert Lipsius Otto Pfleiderer
Moderate	Franz Volkmar Reinhard Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette
Transitional	Johann Gottfried Herder Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi Friedrich Schleiermacher

Revivals

Pietist

Awakening

Neo-Lutheran

Repristination	E. W. Hengstenberg F. A. Philippi F. G. Hedberg Carl Paul Caspari C. P. Krauth L .A. Gotwald
Erlangen	G. C. A. von Harless J. W. F. Höfling Gottfried Thomasius J. C. K. von Hofmann Franz Delitzsch K. F. A. Kahnis Theodosius Harnack C. E. Luthardt F. H. R. von Frank Paul Althaus Werner Elert
High Church	A. F. C. Vilmar F. J. Stahl A. F. O. Münchmeyer J. K. W. Löhe Theodor Kliefoth Heinrich Hansen

Old Lutheran

Germany	Old Lutheran schism Background J. G. Scheibel Eduard Huschke Henrik Steffens H. E. F. Guericke G. P. E. Huschke Free churches
Australia / New Guinea	August Kavel Gotthard Fritzsche Johann Flierl Lutheran Church of Australia
United States	Martin Stephan J. A. A. Grabau Wilhelm Sihler F. C. D. Wyneken C. F. W. Walther H. A. Preus F. W. Stellhorn Synodical Conference of North America