The 2010 Pacific hurricane season was one of the least active seasons on record, featuring the fewest named storms since 1977.[1] The season officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific—east of 140°W—and on June 1 in the central Pacific—between the International Date Line and 140°W—and lasted until November 30. These dates typically cover the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the eastern Pacific basin.[2] The season's first storm, Tropical Storm Agatha, developed on May 29; the season's final storm, Tropical Storm Omeka, degenerated on December 21.
The season began with record-breaking activity with four named storms, including two major hurricanes, developing by the end of June.[1]Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)[nb 1] values exceeded 300 percent of the average for the month of June.[3] Activity abruptly diminished thereafter, with July, August, and September seeing record low storm development. The Eastern Pacific season proper ended with Tropical Storm Georgette's dissipation on September 23, a month before the climatological mean.[1] The year's final cyclone, Omeka, developed in the off-season on December 18, marking a record-late formation date in the satellite-era.[4] Although there were relatively few storms, the season proved exceptionally deadly and destructive. Torrential rains associated with Agatha and Eleven-E killed well over 200 people in Central America and Mexico and left more than $1.5 billion in damage.[5][6]
Four time zones are utilized in the basin: Central for storms east of 106°W, Mountain between 114.9°W and 106°W, Pacific between 140°W and 115°W,[7] and Hawaii–Aleutian for storms between the International Date Line and 140°W. However, for convenience, all information is listed by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) first with the respective local time included in parentheses. This timeline includes information that was not operationally released, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as the subtropical phase of Omeka, is included. This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season.
Timeline of events
May
May 15
The 2010 Pacific hurricane season officially begins.[2]
May 29
Damage wrought by Tropical Storm Agatha in Guatemala
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression One-E intensifies into a tropical storm and is namedAgatha while located about 235 mi (380 km) southwest of Guatemala City, Guatemala.[5]
18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Agatha reaches its peak intensity with winds of 45 mph (70 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 1001 mbar (hPa; 29.56 inHg).[5]
22:30 UTC (5:30 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Agatha makes landfall near Champerico, Guatemala, just south of the Mexico–Guatemala border, while at peak strength.[5]
May 30
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Agatha weakens to a tropical depression.[5]
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Agatha degenerates into a remnant low before subsequently dissipating six hours later over the high terrain of Guatemala.[5]
June
June 1
The 2010 Central Pacific hurricane season officially begins.[2]
June 16
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Two-E develops out of a tropical wave roughly 110 mi (175 km) south of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[8]
18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Two-E attains its peak intensity with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1007 mbar (hPa; 29.74 inHg).[8]
June 17
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Two-E rapidly dissipates off the coast of Mexico.[8]
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Three-E develops out of an area of low pressure roughly 305 mi (490 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.[9]
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Observations from the ship Maersk Dhahran indicate that Three-E intensified into a tropical storm; the system was accordingly assigned the name Blas.[9]
June 18
18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Four-E develops out of large, well-defined low-pressure area located about 370 mi (595 km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.[10]
June 19
Tropical Storms Blas (left) and Celia (right) on June 19
12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Storm Blas reaches its peak intensity with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) and a pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.35 inHg) while located about 445 mi (715 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[9]
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Four-E intensifies into Tropical Storm Celia while situated roughly 335 mi (540 km) south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.[10]
00:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. PDT, June 20) – Tropical Storm Blas weakens to a tropical depression about 560 mi (900 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[9]
18:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. PDT) – Tropical Depression Blas degenerates into a non-convective remnant low roughly 710 mi (1,145 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[9]
June 22
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Celia reaches Category 2 status and its initial peak intensity with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) and a pressure of 973 mbar (hPa; 28.73 inHg).[10]
June 23
00:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. MDT, June 22) – Hurricane Celia weakens to Category 1 strength approximately 535 mi (860 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.[10]
00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 22) – Tropical Depression Five-E develops from an area of showers and thunderstorms about 380 mi (610 km) south-southeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[11]
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Five-E strengthens into Tropical Storm Darby about 350 mi (565 km) south-southeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[11]
12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. MDT) – Hurricane Celia regains Category 2 intensity while located 565 mi (910 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.[10]
Infrared satellite loop of Hurricane Celia intensifying on June 24
June 24
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Darby rapidly strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane approximately 295 mi (475 km) south-southwest of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[11]
00:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. PDT, June 24) – Hurricane Celia reaches its peak intensity as a Category 5 hurricane with winds of 160 mph (255 km/h) and a pressure of 921 mbar (hPa; 27.20 inHg), about 500 mi (805 km) southwest of Socorro Island.[10]
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Darby intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 255 mi (410 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
12:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. PDT) – Stable environmental conditions and cooler waters result in Hurricane Celia weakening to a Category 4 system approximately 565 mi (910 km) southwest of Socorro Island.[10]
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Darby undergoes a second phase of rapid deepening and reaches Category 3 intensity about 250 mi (400 km) south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
18:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. PDT) – Hurricane Celia weakens to Category 3 strength about 595 mi (960 km) southwest of Socorro Island.[10]
21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Darby attains its peak intensity with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) and a pressure of 959 mbar (hPa; 28.32 inHg) approximately 245 mi (395 km) southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
June 26
06:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. PDT, June 25) – Hurricane Celia weakens to Category 2 strength about 665 mi (1,070 km) west-southwest of Socorro Island.[10]
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Increasing wind shear stemming from the large circulation of Hurricane Alex over the Gulf of Mexico causes Darby to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane about 290 mi (465 km) southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
18:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. PDT) – Hurricane Celia weakens to Category 1 strength about 745 mi (1,200 km) west-southwest of Socorro Island.[10]
June 27
The small Hurricane Darby situated south of Mexico on June 25.
00:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. PDT, June 26) – Hurricane Celia weakens to a tropical storm roughly 790 mi (1,270 km) west-southwest of Socorro Island.[10]
00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 26) – Hurricane Darby weakens to a Category 1 hurricane approximately 305 mi (490 km) southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Darby weakens to a tropical storm roughly 315 mi (505 km) southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
June 28
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – After doubling back to the east, Tropical Storm Darby weakens to a tropical depression about 185 mi (300 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
18:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. PDT) – Tropical Storm Celia degenerates into a non-convective remnant low approximately 1,035 mi (1,665 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[10]
18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Darby degrades into a remnant low about 190 mi (305 km) south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.[11]
July
July 14
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Six-E develops from a well-defined low about 330 mi (530 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. It simultaneously reaches its peak intensity with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1006 mbar (hPa; 29.71 inHg).[12]
July 16
18:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Six-E degenerates into a remnant low about 100 mi (160 km) west-southwest of Socorro Island.[12]
August
August 6
Tropical Storm Estelle at peak intensity on August 6
00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. PDT, August 5) – Tropical Depression Seven-E develops from a weak low roughly 160 mi (255 km) southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[13]
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. PDT) – Tropical Depression Seven-E intensifies into Tropical Storm Estelle approximately 240 mi (385 km) west of Acapulco, Mexico.[13]
August 8
00:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. MDT, August 7) – Tropical Storm Estelle reaches its peak intensity with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) and a pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.35 inHg) while situated 150 mi (240 km) southeast of Socorro Island.[13]
August 9
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Storm Estelle weakens to a tropical depression roughly 115 mi (185 km) southwest of Socorro Island.[13]
August 10
06:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Estelle degenerates into a remnant low about 170 mi (275 km) southwest of Socorro Island.[13]
August 20
06:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Eight-E develops 185 mi (300 km) west-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.[14]
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Eight-E reaches its peak intensity with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1003 mbar (hPa; 29.62 inHg) while located about 285 mi (460 km) west of Manzanillo, Mexico.[14]
August 21
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Eight-E degenerates into a non-convective remnant low approximately 190 mi (305 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[14]
1800 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Nine-E forms from an area of disturbed weather roughly 205 mi (330 km) southeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[15]
August 22
Hurricane Frank off the coast of Mexico on August 25
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Nine-E strengthens into a tropical storm and receives the name Frank while situated about 165 mi (265 km) south of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[15]
August 25
12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Frank intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane about 175 mi (280 km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico.[15]
August 26
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Hurricane Frank reaches its peak intensity with winds of 90 mph (145 km/h) and a pressure of 978 mbar (hPa; 28.88 inHg) approximately 90 mi (145 km) southeast of Socorro Island.[15]
August 27
06:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. MDT) – Hurricane Frank makes its closest approach to Socorro Island, passing within 35 mi (55 km) to the southwest.[15]
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Hurricane Frank weakens to a tropical storm roughly 75 mi (120 km) west-northwest of Socorro Island.[15]
August 28
12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Storm Frank weakens to a tropical depression about 145 mi (235 km) north-northwest of Socorro Island.[15]
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Frank degenerates into a remnant low approximately 150 mi (240 km) north-northwest of Socorro Island.[15]
00:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. MDT, September 2) – Tropical Depression Ten-E develops from a tropical wave about 255 mi (410 km) south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California Sur. It simultaneously reaches its peak intensity with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1003 mbar (hPa; 29.62 inHg).[16]
07:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT, September 3) – Tropical Depression Eleven-E makes landfall near Salina Cruz, Mexico, at its peak intensity with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h).[17]
12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Ten-E degenerates into a remnant low roughly 185 mi (300 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur.[16]
18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Eleven-E degenerates into a remnant low while crossing the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.[17]
12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Twelve-E develops from a tropical wave approximately 240 mi (385 km) south-southeast of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.[19]
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Twelve-E intensifies into Tropical Storm Georgette, the final named storm in the East Pacific proper, while located about 225 mi (360 km) west of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.[19]
September 21
Tropical Storm Georgette at peak intensity on September 21
12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Storm Georgette reaches its peak intensity with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 999 mbar (hPa; 29.50 inHg).[19]
18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Storm Georgette makes landfall near San José del Cabo, Mexico, with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h).[19]
September 22
00:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. MDT, September 21) – Tropical Storm Georgette weakens to a tropical depression shortly before emerging over the Gulf of California to the east of La Paz.[19]
22:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Georgette makes landfall near San Carlos, Mexico, with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h).[19]
September 23
06:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. MDT) – Tropical Depression Georgette dissipates over the mountainous terrain of northwestern Mexico.[19]
October
0(No tropical cyclones developed in October).
November
0(No tropical cyclones developed in November).
November 30
The 2010 Central and Eastern Pacific hurricane seasons officially end.[2]
December
December 18
Subtropical Storm Omeka embedded within a larger extratropical system to the west of Hawaii on December 19.
06:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. HST, December 19) – The subtropical storm again crosses the International Date Line, re-entering the basin with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and a pressure of 997 mbar (hPa; 29.44 inHg); around this time, the storm transitions to a tropical storm and is later assigned the name Omeka.[4][20]
December 21
06:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. HST, December 20) – Tropical Storm Omeka makes its closest approach to land as a tropical cyclone, passing roughly 45 mi (70 km) south-southeast of Lisianski Island, Hawaii.[20]
12:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. HST) – Tropical Storm Omeka degenerates into a non-convective remnant low approximately 90 mi (145 km) northeast of Lisianski Island, Hawaii.[20]
^Accumulated Cyclone Energy, broadly speaking, is a measure of the power of a hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs.
^The figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following the convention used in the National Hurricane Center's operational products for each storm. All other units are rounded to the nearest digit.
^ abcdeTimothy A. Craig and Samuel Houston (March 8, 2011). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Omeka. Central Pacific Hurricane Center (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdefgJohn L. Beven II (January 10, 2011). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Agatha(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^Robbie Berg (May 28, 2015). Tropical Depression One-E Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcMichael J. Brennan (July 28, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Two-E(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdeRobbie Berg (July 31, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Blas(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdefghijklmnoTodd B. Kimberlain (October 6, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Celia(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdefghijkStacy R. Stewart (November 18, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Darby(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abDaniel P. Brown (August 24, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Six-E(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdeEric S. Blake (September 15, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Estelle(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcRichard J. Pasch (January 24, 2011). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Eight-E(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdefghLixion A. Avila (October 5, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Frank(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abJohn P. Cangialosi (October 28, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Ten-E(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcJohn L. Beven II (December 6, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Eleven-E(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^Lixion A. Avila (November 22, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Hermine(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
^ abcdefgMichael J. Brennan (November 4, 2010). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Georgette(PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
