^W.N. Whitney, ed. (1889). "List of towns having population of over 10,000". Concise Dictionary of the Principal Roads, Chief Towns and Villages of Japan. Tokyo: Z.P. Maruya and Co. [ja]. hdl:2027/hvd.hnngzq.
Ian Martin Röpke (1999). Historical Dictionary of Osaka and Kyoto. Historical Dictionaries of Cities of the World. Maryland, US: Scarecrow Press. ISBN978-0-8108-3622-8.
Published in the 21st century
Suzanne Marie Gay (2001). The Moneylenders of Late Medieval Kyoto. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN978-0-8248-2461-7.
Nicolas Fiévé and Paul Waley[in French], ed. (2003). Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo. RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN978-0-7007-1409-4.
Diane Durston (2005). "History". Old Kyoto: A Guide to Traditional Shops, Restaurants, and Inns. Kodansha International. ISBN978-4-7700-2994-2.
Matthew P. McKelway (2006). Capitalscapes: Folding Screens And Political Imagination in Late Medieval Kyoto. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN978-0-8248-2900-1.
Christoph Brumann (2012). "Re-uniting a divided city: High-rises, conflict, and urban space in central Kyoto". In Christoph Brumann and Evelyn Schulz (ed.). Urban Spaces in Japan: Cultural and Social Perspectives. Japanese Studies Series. Routledge. ISBN978-1-136-31883-2.
Christoph Brumann (2012). Tradition, Democracy and the Townscape of Kyoto: Claiming a Right to the Past. Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-69070-6.