Teratodontidae Temporal range: 49.3–8.8 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Middle Eocene - Late Miocene

Comparison of various Early to Middle Miocene hyaenodonts, including the hyainailurids Hyainailouros sulzeri (top) and Megistotherium osteothlastes (center), and teratodontid Dissopsalis carnifex
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Family:	†Teratodontidae Savage, 1965
Subfamily:	†Teratodontinae Savage, 1965
Type genus
†Teratodon Savage, 1965
Genera
[see text]

Teratodontinae ("monstrous teeth") is a subfamily of extinct hyaenodonts. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene deposits in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia.^[1]

History and naming

The genus Teratodon was named in 1965.^[2]

The name of the subfamily translates as "monstrous teeth" (from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras) 'monster', from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odon) 'tooth' and taxonomic suffix "-inae".

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

A list of included genera based on Borths & Seiffert (2017)^[3] and Borths & Stevens (2017)^[1] with the 2021 addition of Ekweeconfractus.^[4]

Subfamily: †Teratodontinae (Savage, 1965)
- Genus: †Anasinopa (Savage, 1965)
  - †Anasinopa haasi (Tchernov, 1987)
  - †Anasinopa leakeyi (Savage, 1965)
  - †Anasinopa libyca (Morales, Brewer & Pickford, 2010)^[5]
- Genus: †Brychotherium (Borths, 2016)
  - †Brychotherium atrox (Holroyd, 1994)
  - †Brychotherium ephalmos (Borths, 2016)
- Genus: †Buhakia (Morlo, 2007)
  - †Buhakia hyaenoides (Morales, 2003) sensu Morlo, 2007
  - †Buhakia moghraensis Morlo, 2007
- Genus: †Dissopsalis (Pilgrim, 1910)
  - †Dissopsalis carnifex (Pilgrim, 1910)
  - †Dissopsalis pyroclasticus (Savage, 1965)
- Genus: †Ekweeconfractus Flink, 2021
  - †Ekweeconfractus amorui Flink, 2021
- Genus: †Furodon (Solé, 2013)
  - †Furodon crocheti (Solé, 2013)
- Genus: †Glibzegdouia Crochet et al. 2001
  - †Glibzegdouia tabelbalaensis Crochet et al. 2001
- Genus: †Masrasector (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
  - †Masrasector aegypticum (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
  - †Masrasector ligabuei (Crochet, 1990)
  - †Masrasector nananubis (Borths & Seiffert, 2017)
- Genus: †Pakakali Borths and Stevens 2017
  - †Pakakali rukwaensis Borths and Stevens 2017
- Genus: †Teratodon (Savage, 1965)
  - †Teratodon enigmae (Savage, 1965)
  - †Teratodon spekei (Savage, 1965)

Additionally, Metasinopa is sometimes included in the subfamily.^[6]

Phylogeny of Teratodontinae from Borths & Stevens (2017):^[1]

Teratodontinae

Furodon crocheti

Pakakali rukwaensis

Glibzegdouia tabelbalaensis

Brychotherium ephalmos

Teratodon spp.

	Anasinopa leakeyi

	Dissopsalis pyroclasticus

Masrasector nananubis

	Masrasector aegypticum

	Masrasector ligabuei

Phylogeny of Teratodontinae from the 2021 description of Ekweeconfractus:

Teratodontinae

Furodon

Pakakali

Ekweeconfractus

Glibzegdouia

Brychotherium

Teratodon

	Anasinopa leakeyi

	Dissopsalis pyroclasticus

Masrasector nananubis

	Masrasector aegypticum

	Masrasector ligabuei

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). "The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition". PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301. PMC 5636082. PMID 29020030.
^ Savage, R. J. G. (1965). "Fossil Mammals of Africa: 19 The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology. 10 (8): 241–316.
^ Borths, Matthew R.; Seiffert, Erik R. (2017). "Craniodental and humeral morphology of a new species of Masrasector (Teratodontinae, Hyaenodonta, Placentalia) from the late Eocene of Egypt and locomotor diversity in hyaenodonts". PLOS ONE. 12 (4): e0173527. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1273527B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173527. PMC 5396875. PMID 28422967.
^ Flink, T.; Cote, S.; et al. (March 2021). "The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E7748F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748. S2CID 237518007.
^ Morales, J.; Brewer, P.; Pickford, M. (2010). "Carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Gebel Zelten, Libya, with a note on a large amphicyonid from the middle Miocene of Ngorora, Kenya". Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society, Cairo. 5: 43–54.
^ Friscia, Anthony R.; Macharwas, Mathew; Muteti, Samuel; Ndiritu, Francis; Tab Rasmussen, D. (2020). "A Transitional Mammalian Carnivore Community from the Paleogene–Neogene Boundary in Northern Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (5): e1833895. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E3895F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1833895. S2CID 228844419.

Mammals of clade Pan-Carnivora

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentalia
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Clade: Scrotifera
Grandorder: Ferungulata
Mirorder: Ferae

Pan-Carnivora

Carnivoramorpha	See Carnivoramorpha below ↓
†Hyaenodonta	See Hyaenodonta below ↓
†Oxyaenodonta	See Oxyaenodonta below ↓
†Wyolestidae	†Wyolestes
†Simidectes †Altacreodus †Tinerhodon

†Hyaenodonta

†Hyaenodontoidea

†Hyaenodontidae	†Alienetherium †Boritia †Cartierodon †Consobrinus †Cynohyaenodon †Eurotherium †Hyaenodon †Leonhardtina †Matthodon †Neosinopa †Oxyaenoides †Paenoxyaenoides †Paracynohyaenodon †Praecodens †Preregidens †Prodissopsalis †Propterodon †Protoproviverra †Quercytherium

†Proviverridae

†Allopterodon
†Lesmesodon
†Minimovellentodon
†Morlodon
†Parvagula
†Proviverra

†Afro‑Arabian
clade

†Parvavorodon
†Tritemnodon
†Koholia

†Indohyaenodontidae

†Glibzegdouia
†Indohyaenodon
†Yarshea

†Hyainailouroidea

†Hyainailouridae

†Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

†Maocyon
†Orienspterodon

†Apterodontinae

†Apterodon
†Quasiapterodon

†Hyainailourinae

†Leakitherium †Megistotherium †Mlanyama †Metapterodon †Pakakali †Paroxyaena †Simbakubwa
†Akhnatenavus clade	†Akhnatenavus †Hemipsalodon †Ischnognathus
†Hyainailourini	†Exiguodon †Falcatodon †Hyainailouros †Parapterodon †Sectisodon †Sivapterodon †Isohyaenodon †Kerberos †Pterodon

†Prionogalidae

†Namasector
†Prionogale
†Thereutherium

†Teratodontinae

†Anasinopa
†Brychotherium
†Buhakia
†Dissopsalis
†Ekweeconfractus
†Furodon
†Kyawdawia
†Masrasector
†Metasinopa
†Paratritemnodon
†Teratodon

other representatives

†Eoproviverra †Gazinocyon †Pyrocyon
†Arfia clade	†Arfia
†Galecyon clade	†Galecyon
†Lahimia clade	†Boualitomus †Lahimia
†Limnocyonidae	†Iridodon †Limnocyon †Oxyaenodon †Prolaena †Prolimnocyon †Thinocyon
†Sinopidae	†Acarictis †Prototomus †Sinopa

ichnotaxa
of Hyaenodonta

†Creodontipus
†Dischidodacylus
†Sarcotherichnus
†Zanclonychopus
†Hyaenodontipus
†Quiritipes
†Sarjeantipes

†Oxyaenodonta

†Oxyaenidae

†Machaeroidinae	†Apataelurus †Diegoaelurus †Isphanatherium †Machaeroides
†Oxyaeninae	†Argillotherium †Dipsalidictis †Malfelis †Oxyaena †Patriofelis †Protopsalis †Sarkastodon
†Palaeonictinae	†Ambloctonus †Dipsalodon †Palaeonictis
†Tytthaeninae	†Tytthaena

Carnivoramorpha

Carnivoraformes
(Clade "A")

Clade "B"

†Messelogale †Miocyon †Simamphicyon †Uintacyon †Xinyuictis †Zodiocyon
†Quercygalidae	†Quercygale
†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade	†Eogale †Gracilocyon †Oodectes †Paramiacis †Paroodectes

Clade "C"

Clade "D"

†Ceruttia
†Harpalodon
†Lycarion
†Neovulpavus
†Procynodictis
†Prodaphaenus
†Tapocyon
†Walshius

Carnivora
(Clade "E")

Caniformia	(See Caniformia)
Feliformia	(See Feliformia)

other representatives

†Africtis
†Dawsonicyon
†Miacis

ichnotaxa of
Carnivoraformes

†Falcatipes

†Viverravoidea

†Viverravidae

†Orientictis †Pappictidops †Preonictis †Variviverra
†Didymictinae	†Bryanictis †Didymictis †Intyrictis †Pristinictis †Protictis †Raphictis
†Ictidopappinae	†Ictidopappus
†Viverravinae	†Simpsonictis †Viverravus †Viverriscus

Incertae sedis

†Ravenictis