Lineages | Temporal range (kya) |
Habitat | Adult height | Adult mass | Cranial capacity (cm3) |
Fossil record | Discovery | Publication of name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. habilis membership in Homo uncertain |
2,100–1,500[a][b] | Tanzania | 110–140 cm (3 ft 7 in – 4 ft 7 in) | 33–55 kg (73–121 lb) | 510–660 | Many | 1960 | 1964 |
H. rudolfensis membership in Homo uncertain |
1,900 | Kenya | 700 | 2 sites | 1972 | 1986 | ||
H. gautengensis also classified as H. habilis |
1,900–600 | South Africa | 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) | 3 individuals[3][c] | 2010 | 2010 | ||
H. erectus | 1,900–140[4][d][5][e] | Africa, Eurasia | 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 60 kg (130 lb) | 850 (early) – 1,100 (late) | Many[f][g] | 1891 | 1892 |
H. ergaster African H. erectus |
1,800–1,300[7] | East and Southern Africa | 700–850 | Many | 1949 | 1975 | ||
H. antecessor | 1,200–800 | Western Europe | 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 90 kg (200 lb) | 1,000 | 2 sites | 1994 | 1997 |
H. heidelbergensis early H. neanderthalensis |
600–300[h] | Europe, Africa | 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 90 kg (200 lb) | 1,100–1,400 | Many | 1907 | 1908 |
H. cepranensis a single fossil, possibly H. heidelbergensis |
c. 450[8] | Italy | 1,000 | 1 skull cap | 1994 | 2003 | ||
H. longi | 309–138[9] | Northeast China | 1,420[10] | 1 individual | 1933 | 2021 | ||
H. rhodesiensis early H. sapiens |
c. 300 | Zambia | 1,300 | Single or very few | 1921 | 1921 | ||
H. naledi | c. 300[11] | South Africa | 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) | 45 kg (99 lb) | 450 | 15 individuals | 2013 | 2015 |
H. sapiens (anatomically modern humans) |
c. 300–present[i] | Worldwide | 150–190 cm (4 ft 11 in – 6 ft 3 in) | 50–100 kg (110–220 lb) | 950–1,800 | (extant) | —— | 1758 |
H. neanderthalensis |
240–40[14][j] | Europe, Western Asia | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 55–70 kg (121–154 lb) (heavily built) |
1,200–1,900 | Many | 1829 | 1864 |
H. floresiensis classification uncertain |
190–50 | Indonesia | 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) | 25 kg (55 lb) | 400 | 7 individuals | 2003 | 2004 |
Nesher Ramla Homo classification uncertain |
140–120 | Israel | several individuals | 2021 | ||||
H. tsaichangensis possibly H. erectus or Denisova |
c. 100[k] | Taiwan | 1 individual | 2008(?) | 2015 | |||
H. luzonensis |
c. 67[17][18] | Philippines | 3 individuals | 2007 | 2019 | |||
Denisova hominin | 40 | Siberia | 2 sites | 2000 |
2010[l] |
Intensive Course in Biological Anthrpology, 1st Summer School of the European Anthropological Association, 16–30 June, 2007, Prague, Czech Republic