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Contents of talk page archived on 17:37, 23 July 2007 (UTC), any issues not addressed should be brought out of the archive and pasted to this page. WLU 17:37, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
I'm not trying to cause trouble and would not object to this comment being removed if an authority deemed that it will cause trouble. The Gender section appears to me to be largely unrelated to the subject of this article. I hope there is a home for it somewhere in Wikipedia where it fits better. DCDuring 17:22, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
On more careful reading, let me modify the above comment. The section seems only tangentially connected. If this was part of a larger pattern of practices in the field (which would not be surprising), it needs MORE discussion. I hope there is also some place in Wikipedia where it fits into a much more comprehensive discussion of the subject of attempting use behvioral modification techniques to modify gendered behavior and even other then-deemed-undesirable behavior. DCDuring 17:35, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
I think that there are some weird sources -- websites of practitioners, etc...these don't seem to fit the bill of 'good'...I'd like to replace them with journals and textbooks...is that ok? I'm going to do it for the Antecedent/Behavior/Consequence version so you can let me know if I did it properly. Thanks! Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 16:10, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
There is a nice contribution by an anon user -- its formatting is horrid -- but I'm going to work on that when I return -- please don't revert, but rather, look to fix the formatting! Thanks :) Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 05:20, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
Thanks, Josh.Pritchard.DBA, for taking up the job of improving this page, as it needs it. I took a brief look at the article's current state and have a few suggestions:
There's lots more where that came from, but this is a start. Eubulides (talk) 05:58, 21 December 2007 (UTC)
<undent>I am working on the lead -- I included a statement that removes the ability for it to be interpreted as mechanical engineering...I'm going to keep tweaking it --please let me know when you find it to your liking.
Following that is a paragraph discussing that ABA (remember -- its research, not treatment) involves a team...again, this seems patently false...the practice of ABA may involve a team -- but does not really even talk about 'maintaining parent/professional relationships' -- this may be better under a heading of 'collaboration' or something of the sort...Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 04:17, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
Here's the the current lead, which has been edited since the above suggestions were made:
This is an improvement, but it still has problems.
Eubulides (talk) 01:33, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
I'm not sure that the service delivery models section is accurate...I am unfamiliar with those arenas, but if they're not from a behavior analytic perspective, they're violating the seven dimensions -- and they may be behavioral, but they're not ABA and don't belong on this article. Anyone can help with this?Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 06:16, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
((cite journal))
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)This change to "Further reading" introduced an error: it gave Cooper's name as "Cooper, John Charles" but Cooper's middle initial is "O". This raises a couple of other points related to citation formats.
First, let's stick to medical citation format as used in Pubmed: author names separated by commas (not semicolons), no commas or periods within author names, initials only, Pubmed-style journal abbreviations (no periods), page ranges with leading redundant digits removed in the upper bound.
Second, when referring to a book, don't just give the book title, as that's not sufficient for someone to check the citation. Give page ranges or at least the chapter title. When a book gets cited a lot, put it in "Further reading" and then give just the last name, brief title, and page range. I just now changed it to use this style, leaving question marks where stuff needs to be filled in.
Eubulides (talk) 08:27, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
Ok - I started a new page: Professional practice of behavior analysis where the discussion of what types of things behavior analysts do, how to deliver services, etc...do you guys agree?Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 00:03, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
A few style comments about citation format. None of this stuff is required for Wikipedia, but consistency would be nice.
I made some changes along these lines but a good many other references could also be changed in this way. Eubulides (talk) 06:12, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
Fading
Just some gramatical suggestions:
The overall goal is for an individual to eventually not need prompts. As an individual gains mastery of a skill at a particular prompt level, the prompt is faded to a less intrusive prompt. This ensures that the student does not become overly dependent on a particular prompt when learning a new behaviour or skill. For example, when learning to unscrew the toothpaste lid, you may start with physically guiding the child's hands to open the toothpaste (physical prompt), to pointing at the toothpaste (gestural prompt), then no prompt provided (independence).
Note: I ended with independence, since this was stated as the goal. As well, since it is mentioned previously to not use verbal prompts, I would not suggest using them in an example like this.
Also, I noticed that this section uses the term, "individual" & "child" and other sections are using the term "student". I have kept them the way they were, but they should probably be standardized to match the rest of the article.
--Svernon (talk) 03:40, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
Per Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Further_reading.2FExternal_links, the further reading section should be used for only very relevant topics, not as a holding place for potential further references - I've removed the following articles and left the remainder which appear to be relevant to the whole page. Ideally these should be included as inline citations rather than further reading. WLU (talk) 16:05, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
((cite journal))
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)((cite journal))
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)why I am not able to search the elements of operant conditioning.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.133.195.70 (talk) 07:07, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
I am not sure what you mean by this question. Can you explain further?--Svernon (talk) 18:40, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
An anon and Jturn2 have both attempted to have an altered wording in the Definition section. I put a note up on JTurn2's page on why this is a bad idea, but since the anon reverted, I'll put the note up here.
The definition section modified is a quote, so should not be changed. Regards the ABC part of the definition section, the A section, the Antecedent always preceeds the behaviour; it includes internal stimuli as well. Also, the 'behaviour of concern' sentence is incorrect as well, ABA trials can be worked to alter the antecedent as well as the bahaviour, as in the case of stimulus generalization. Finally, in the Behaviour section, it is not just socially acceptable behaviour that is modified, it can also be self-injurious, self-talk (in the case of ABA being used as psychotherapy) or virtually any other type of behaviour; though ABA is used to modify social behaviour in autistic children, it can be used with animals, adults and neurotypical individuals as well.
Further changes to the sections should be discussed rather than simply reverting. WLU 18:40, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
Read about behaviorism Jcautilli2003 (talk) 04:37, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
Some suggestions for this section:
Antecedent(s): refers to the multiple factors that contribute to the situation preceding the behaviour. They provide the occasion for the behaviour to occur, but do not neccessarily make the behaviour occur.
Behaviour: there should be some discussion here about defining behaviour. Defining behaviour is an important step in ABA in that it makes it possible to collect data. I would probably place behaviour first in this section. Start with the importance of defining behaviour, and then get into antecedents and consequences (positive and negative). Then, speak to an ABC analysis.
Definition of behaviour could be somehting like, "Behaviour: any observable and measurable act of an individual (also called a response)" (Alberto, P.A. & Troutman, A.C. (2006). Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers (7th Ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Pearson Merrell Prentice Hall Behavior as a subject)
Consequences: refer to the many factors that occur after a behaviour. When using consequences as a way to influence behaviour, consequences can be positive or negative depending on whether the desired result is to increase or decrease the target behaviour.
An ABC analysis: is a method of collecting data related to a specific behaviour to see what are the maintaining factors in the environment. (I could go into more detail if you think this is a beneficial piece of information). Once data is collected regarding a specific behavour, a functional behaviour assessment can be done in order to form a hypothesis regarding the function of the behaviour.
I also am thinking that a more detailed description of Consequences may be beneficial. For example including Positive and Negative Reinforcement, and Punishment.
I am happy to work on this with you if you would like. --Svernon (talk) 02:58, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
I think that the reinforcement stuff is stated pretty nicely under the section on behaviorism. Should it be repeated here or maybe just linked? Jcautilli2003 (talk) 04:40, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
Professional practice of behavior analysis duplicates content which could be, belongs or is at Applied behavior analysis. It should be merged here. Otherwise, Professional practice of behavior analysis can be put up at WP:AFD as a duplicate of this article. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 03:42, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
Check the discussion page for Prof. Practice. It does to seem to be the same focus to me. I see the division is the difference is the same as the difference between medical research and medical practice. It is explained in the first three lines of the practice page. However. It does seem that the historical controversies section in the applied behavior analysis article should be limited to the discussion of research controversies and the rest should be moved to the practice section. Just my opinion but I do not see them as overlapped. TOM
The practice page does not perscribe, it describes. It describes what would be called the scope of practice and the level of training for practioners- it covers current debates...I think that the distinction is well established- practice is different from research. Practice is usually in different journals then research. In this case JABA versus IJBCT or Behavior Analytic Practice. The research differ in level of control and the research has greater variations with more professional concerns addressed. The ABA research page describes the factorsthat lead research to being considered behavior analytic. TOM, I am stil ldigesting your suggestions. I need to print out the pages to look over...Maybe Josh can weigh in on this. Jcautilli2003 (talk) 23:43, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
I took TOM's avdice and move the piece on historic controversises to the practice page. I agree that only research controversies should be on the ABA page and practitioner controversies should be on the practice page. Still I am confused as to wiether Lovaas's intervention should be on which page- it was research. I will leave this to Josh to decide. Jcautilli2003 (talk) 00:00, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
Have merged my edits to the mainpage. Will be working on cleaning up and learning the MoS--sorry! Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 07:24, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
The new section Applied behavior analysis#Pivotal Response Therapy is unsourced and poorly formatted. It also looks like it's not appropriate for that section of the article. I think whoever added it is still editing it, so I'll leave it be for now, but it doesn't look quite right as it is and perhaps someone with more ABA expertise can take a look. Eubulides (talk) 22:29, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
I looked a bit more at it and found that the new text contained large verbatim extracts from copyrighted material.[1], in violation of WP:COPYVIO policies. I removed the section. Eubulides (talk) 01:16, 18 April 2008 (UTC)
This edit appended the following text to Applied behavior analysis #Effectiveness:
This text is a clear example of original research: it makes a claim about sources (namely, about Matson & Smith 2008 (doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.003), and about Spreckley & Boyd 2008 (doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.012)), but this claim is not supported by any sources. As per WP:OR, we cannot include text like this in Wikipedia, even if it is true. I have therefore removed the text. Please do not insert unsupported opinion like this into Wikipedia. I suggest discussing any further changes along these lines here, as per WP:BRD. (As it happens, the inserted text is also incorrect: Spreckley & Boyd reviewed 13 studies, not 4.) Eubulides (talk) 06:14, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
References
Like Behavior analysis in general, this page suffers from a serious lack of focs on current research concepts like the matching law, momentum, and relational frame theory. 76.124.231.211 (talk) 15:56, 24 July 2010 (UTC)
This article needs a re-write. However, the article needs to be made simpler and more accessible rather than filled with every related topic. 69.127.219.21 (talk) 05:22, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
Note: This selection may have been poorly written to some, but it's clearly readable. Just take a little patience to actually read it!
Lie To Me: A new show called "Lie To Me" is based on Behavioral Analysis. It also gives information... just the basics of Behavioral Analysis. All that, and it's quite an interesting show. If you like things like "Bones" or "CSI" or "Ghost Whisperer"...check it out!
69.138.69.0 (talk) 20:47, 9 August 2010 (UTC)Information Station Ad LIE TO ME
I've watched Lie to Me and it has nothing to do with ABA. 69.127.219.21 (talk) 05:58, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
I'm going to split the self-control listing into self-control(behavior analysis) which I'd like to link back to this back as a sub-topic.
-F — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.69.42.53 (talk) 02:00, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
Reinforcement is a hypthetical contruct. The issue is not contructs but the scale of analysis on which they occur. Reversed reversal. 76.124.231.211 (talk) 19:45, 23 July 2010 (UTC)
You are correctJcautilli (talk) 19:52, 24 July 2010 (UTC)
You are wrong. Refer to my talkpage. Reinforcement is not a hypothetical construct but a description of a behavioral law. I suggest you both at minimum read the hypothetical construct article all the way through. Preferably, read some behavior analytic literature then come back to this article. 69.127.219.21 (talk) 05:04, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
Additionally, I have been trying to find a source that explicitly states reinforcement is not a hypothetical construct. However, this is no easy task. It's like trying to find a source that states red is not blue, or that the sky isn't made out of raisins. Nobody ever writes that reinforcement isn't a hypothetical construct because it's such an obvious fact to anyone in the scientific community. 69.127.219.21 (talk) 05:19, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
"Skinner and Tolman seem to be almost wholly free of hypothetical constructs, although when Skinner invokes such notions as the ‘strain on the reserve’ (10, p. 289) it is difficult to be sure." http://www.psych.umn.edu/faculty/meehlp/013HypotheticalCconstructs.pdf
That is about as close as we are going to get. 69.127.219.21 (talk) 05:31, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
Let's go back a few steps and look at the word "hypothetical." "Hypothetical" means "being or involving as a hypothesis." (Merriam-Webster 2012) A construct that is well-proven and accepted is not "hypothetical," hence most of cognitive and psychodynamic psychology is not "hypothetical." The word "hypothetical" here serves the pro-ABA bias of this article. I hope "psychological theory" is a better term. Svend la Rose (talk) 01:00, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
Many of the citations used in this article are in violation of WP:UNDUE and WP:V.
They take material published by proponents of ABA and treat their opinions as unbiased fact.
The whole article is also in violation of WP:NPOV, because it treats the opinions of one minority (the proponents of ABA) as more important than the opinions of another minority (Autists and the Autist right movement). This is based on supposed 'authority' on the side of the proponents, but this is unfactual as said proponents are a biased source. The proponents of ABA are not reliable sources for the EFFECTIVENESS of ABA any more than Adolf Eichmann is for the justifiability of the Endlösung... (Or Godwin is for the application of Godwin's corrolary :P).
Unless there are reliable, unbiased sources who confirm that ABA is viable, this article needs a serious rewrite. Robrecht 01:21, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
In general, the most reliable sources are peer-reviewed journals and books published in university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. As a rule of thumb, the greater the degree of scrutiny involved in checking facts, analyzing legal issues, and scrutinizing the evidence and arguments of a particular work, the more reliable it is. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are highly valued and usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, such as history, medicine and science. Material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas, particularly if they are respected mainstream publications. The appropriateness of any source always depends on the context. Where there is disagreement between sources, their views should be clearly attributed in the text.
NPOV says that the article should fairly represent all significant viewpoints that have been published by a reliable source, and should do so in proportion to the prominence of each. Now an important qualification: Articles that compare views should not give minority views as much or as detailed a description as more popular views, and may not include tiny-minority views at all.
After reviewing the Applied Behavior Analysis page I felt it was very comprehensive. However, although there is a Wikipedia page for Ole Ivar Lovaas, there was nothing in the ABA page referencing him as one of the main founders of ABA. My addition of History will hopefully give insight into the beginnings of ABA therapy and start groundwork for others to add to it. Kmkessler (talk) 15:57, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
Lovaas was not a founder of ABA. He was a founder of EIBI (the application of ABA to autism). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk • contribs) 00:14, 13 January 2013 (UTC)
I'm not convinced ABA is the most common method for treating autism. Parents often have to sue districts in order to receive the expensive, intensive programs. It would be interesting to see a breakdown on how service is delivered.
The claim that ABA is the only scientically proven treatment for autism seems to be a common one among behaviorists, but I'm not convinced. I'm sure speech therapists, OTs and PTs have some research that backs their practices, excluding the sensory integration and facilitated communication controversies. Practices like Picture Exchange Systems, Social Stories, inclusion, and incidental teaching shouldn't be dismissed either.
As to the evidence that ABA is the only proven treatment, no one has been able to reproduce the amazing results of the 1987 Lovaas study. I read the Smith & Wynn article shortly after it came out around 2000, and remember the results weren't as dramatic as the original Lovaas group.
Perhaps there's a literature survey that crowns ABA as the only proven treatment. However, the McConachie and Diggle article from 2006 states that very few studies on ABA interventions with autism have adequate research design, and calls for further, improved research. Jwharhar 03:41, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
I don't think there is any reliable scientific proof that any method, including ABA, can claim to bring about autistic "recovery" or "cure." My concern is how some sites and advocates promote ABA as THE only option for autism that has any credibility. This is a prickly point for me since I was in special ed. for almost 20 years. I worked with parents who paid people to wave their hands over their son to affect his energy, another who took her kid to a televangelist, another who went barefoot for weeks so God would end her daughter's seizures. As an assistant, I was supposed to help one boy communicate by holding his wrist or elbow while he typed messages at a computer, and as a teacher I was instructed by an OT to put a heavy vest on a child regularly, while other students' IEPs required students to be brushed and listen to special sounds on headphones. Does ABA have a better research base than these procedures? Sure. Does that mean that the only person at an IEP meeting with anything to offer that is scientific is the behaviorist the family has brought in so their child with autism can go to his ABA program for $65,000 a year?
When people bring up ABA as a treatment for autism, they're not talking about having teachers fill out ABC sheets or make sure a schedule of reward or punishment is followed. The debate raging about ABA is a result of that first Lovaas study where about half the experimental group became "normal functioning," which was maybe 5 kids. Has their been enough evidence since then to tell parents of children with autism to all get lawyers, quit their jobs, sell their homes, and start intensively training their child 7 days a week, 8 hours a day? In my judgement, the research on Lovaas style early intervention isn't good enough, especially for older students who do not fall in the mild to moderate range. Obviously, I don't think one sentence in Wikipedia is going to bankrupt parents, but this is an emotional and complicated issue. There needs to be more research on ABA as well as at least one comparative study done to support behaviorist claims that spending tens of thousands of dollars on intensive 1:1 therapy is the only valid option for families dealing with autism. Jwharhar 13:47, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
OK, I'll acknowledge the point that ABA has 20 years worth of research on interventions with autism, more than any other method to date, and that increases in IQ scores have been documented. While ABA methods are probably common, I still can't see how ABA intensive interventions for autism can be considered common, since a lot of families have a hard time finding someone to do it and the cost is so great. The quality and outcomes of the research still bother me, for example the summary you've linked to the Smith 2000 article acknowledges there were no differences between the intervention and non intervention groups on adaptive functioning and behavior problems. Jwharhar 02:53, 14 August 2007 (UTC)
By that logic, we should put "Christianity/Islam/Judaïsm/etc... is the only true faith" on just about every religious article. Why? Because (especially for Christianity) so many people can't be wrong, can they? Problem is: they ARE wrong, as far as Wikipedia is concerned. So long as the only people who claim that ABA is the only treatment works for Autism are it's proponents, it is not verified by any real sense of the word. Also, and this is the Autist in me speaking, the Wikipedia policy of "verifiability, not truth" is an oxymoron. To verify means (and I quote the Wictionary here): "To substantiate or prove the truth of something". You can't verify something if it isn't true. My opinion is that ABA cannot be treatment for Autism for the same reason why electro-shock therapy isn't a treatment for homosexuality: Neither Autism not Homosexuality are actual illnesses, mental or otherwise. In the past Homosexuality WAS seen as a mental illness, in the past Wikipedia would have stated it was a mental illness. In the past, Wikipedia would have been wrong about this, despite what all the authorities of the time said about it. But since Wikipedia doesn't deal in opinions, let me just say this: taking statements made purely by proponents of something and claiming they are verified is a violation of WP:Neutrality. Therefore, I am removing the words 'only proven' and replacing them with 'a'. Don't change it back until you can prove that a non-proponent of ABA has conclusively proven that ABA works. Robrecht 00:40, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
As a "proponent" of ABA, I am wondering if we now have to cite sources attempting to disprove gravity if some minority disagrees with it. It seems that peoples' acceptance of ABA as a science has been controvercial(sometimes at best). Regardless, there is one thing that seems to hold any science together. Replications. Just as newton's laws would be considered rubbish if no replications showed the same results, the same would go for behavior analysis. It is interesting how few peer reviewed articles with at least decent design are available in other fields of psychology. I can't begin to know what the general beef is with ABA, but chemistry journals are reviewed by chemists, physics journals by physicists, and behavior analysis journals are reviewed by behavior analysts and so on. It is very possible, if you were willing to be trained in data collection, for you to give us an "unbiased" frequency of hits, kicks, or correct items on test. Most likely, the "biased" behavior analyst will have the same or very similar observation as you. Unfortunately, no other field of psychology assesses themselves in this manner. If that were so, we would have a much thorough knowledge of how people behave.
The "opponent" of ABA writing on this page is arguing that there needs to be the allowance for other views about what ABA is and how effective it is. I challenge them to do so using peer reviewed research as a tool to disprove ABA instead of individual "opinion". Any robust science has no problem with attempts at its disproval. It is no more rediculous to judge the validity of research in ABA than in Physics, Chemistry, or other more accepted sciences except for that there are fewer replications in ABA than the more "grounded" sciences. We are making replications though. Statisticians will tell you that the use of single case subject design as a common evaluation method assessing our research is a very useful tool. If you don't believe them, ask them how much money they make looking at numbers and finding meaningful relationships/predictions with them(last time I checked, those were commonly accepted methods of quantifying things). As far as religion goes, the real problem with anything deemed religious fact is that it is subjective (using the 5 senses)and for the most part conveniently undisprovable because of this. Anyone can argue for or against having supernatural power, but test that with a good design and procedure and i'm sure there will not be Peer review, as the "proponent" stated, seems to be a few steps up from this subjectivity. Just as everyone explains gravity as something going from up to down, behavior analysts explain behavior in the form of objective observations and can describe their observations quantitatively.
Autism, you say is just as made up as homosexuality as far as mental illness is concerned. Well, behavior analysts do not determine treatment options based specific to diagnosis. We look at behavior (what to increase and what to decrease) keeping diagnoses in mind. On another note, I agree that autism isn't an illness, though generally people diagnosed with autism are considered a problem. Not to anyone autistic, but to people who don't know how to work with them correctly. It is tragic how people have treated people deemed mentally impaired in the past, and what they will do sometimes to escape the experience. Behavior analysts are, however, working very hard to lessen stress by training parents, teachers, and kids ways to make life easier for everyone.
As far as the "only proven" vs. "A proven", I agree with the "opponent" that there may be other ways and not necessarily used by behavior analysts. The problem is that either noone knows about them, they haven't been researched adequately, or they may be unethical. We'll see what happens though with future research. 199.17.30.76 01:00, 17 September 2007 (UTC)BAiT199.17.30.76 01:00, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
...As a parent of a child on the spectrum and someone well versed in surveying study results, I was struck that the section on Autism vastly understates the unknowns about this therapy. There is no balanced discussion about the times it is not effective. And the list of studies appear to build off of each other rather than build with new studies. In my experience that is a significant red flag. Especially given what's hidden at the end which is, essentially, all authors agree we don't know enough. The article list should start with the reality that we don't have conclusive answers on ABA therapy and Autism.
To be frank, I find that studies in areas like are far too often funded by those (or conducted ny those) who stand to profit from a positive result (in this case those who get paid to do these therapies). The way this section is written suggests this is a MAJOR concern with these studies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dsgarnett (talk • contribs) 20:26, 15 November 2014 (UTC)
This addition [2] is poorly sourced and should not appear in this article. One source [3] is a commercial site selling services related to the added passage. The other source [4] is a meeting abstract. Neither is a reliable source. CatPath (talk) 17:47, 28 November 2015 (UTC)
Any basic understanding of ABA would reveal it is the most rigorous data driven behavioral science, for which nothing can exist without explicit evidence. Moreover, we have presented our data at ABAI, FABA, and Stanford and to date not one point is refuted now since 2013 by even one clinician or scientist because it is mathematical. Providing the means to disseminate the science is part of the ethical requirements for all BCBAs, and your suggestion that the information is poorly sourced has no merit. A program that coded the entire science that self-reports efficacy is the purest iteration of ABA in the absence of a clinician. Now 1:45, there are more than 6.8 Million people in the U.S. alone who cannot access the primary treatment for ASD, and providing the verified (Michael Wesolowski, BCBA-D a pioneer in the field, called Autism-U a harbinger in the field as he taught one of the first curriculums in ABA - since the 1970s - and oversees the Agency for Persons with Disabilities in the southern region of Florida). Finally, the BACB required parents be actively engaged in treatment, and the data produced by a parent would pass a Turing test as you would be unable to discern if a clinician or lay person created it. When a parent can produce the same reports as a clinician, we achieved verification, and it is why Autism-U is the subject of a bipartisan initiative to recognize the platform as a provider, historically a designation limited to humans. You are invited to verify these facts with Senator Marco Rubio and Senator Bill Nelson who support it, and for which Autism-U satisfied the scrutiny (and submitted to the scrutiny) of the FDA, the ONC, and HHS. Given that there can be no argument to the contrary, your reverting the edits is baseless and suggests bias.InfoPurist (talk) 05:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)InfoPurist
Also, we take issue with the dismissive statement we are selling anything. We are educating, which is the mission of Wilipedia. We also reduced the cost of treatment by up to 40K% from $100K/yr to fifty cents a day. We are the antithesis to the Martin Shkrelis of the world having coded the only means to change the primary treatment rate for all intellectual disabilities from less than 1% to 100%. We are the means by which 6.8 million people in need can access treatment who otherwise would not access it, given that there are ~16K certified BCBAs to deliver the primary treatment for all intellectual disabilities in the U.S., therefore the dissemination of science has never been more critical to date. To suggest it is too early to disseminate an applied science made digital is the same failed argument made by Kathy Dudek of Florida's AHCA, who's "too early" argument was ruled arbitrary and capricious in the USDC Southern District of Florida case that found withholding ABA causes irreparable harm, and the only thing your edits will surely accomplish.InfoPurist (talk) 05:37, 30 November 2015 (UTC)InfoPurist
First, the peer reviewed sources are within the Wikipedia guidelines. Contrary to the assertion that the citation is an abstract, the content guidelines require precisely that, and to avoid lengthy full text primary sources. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources
Second, the policy on sourcing is verifiability. The verifiable sources are reliable (Stanford University, Behavior Analyst Certification Board, Florida Association of Behavior Analysts, Association for Behavior Analysis International, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) are demonstrable leaders in academics, behavioral health, healthcare, and technology, and Autism-U is sourced as the creator of the work). According to Wikipedia's definition of a source Definition of a source The word "source" when citing sources on Wikipedia has three related meanings: The piece of work itself (the article, book) The creator of the work (the writer, journalist) The publisher of the work (for example, Random House or Cambridge University Press) Any of the three can affect reliability. Reliable sources may be published materials with a reliable publication process, authors who are regarded as authoritative in relation to the subject, or both. These qualifications should be demonstrable to other people.
Third, the company Autism-U is inherently notable according to the terms for notability, as it is the focus of a bipartisan initiative to recognize its software as a provider by CMS, a designation historically reserved to humans, and would represent a watershed moment in artificial intelligence. Arbitrary standards should not be used to create a bias favoring larger organizations or their products, when the information verified and sourced includes the use of artificial intelligence to increase access to behavioral health treatment on a scale never before possible. Wikipedia is supposed to include updated information. Referring to sources in 2007 is relegating Wikipedia users to a historic, and not current, event when the advances in artificial intelligence, according to Moore's Law, demand we have learned something since 2007 which may be beneficial for Wiki readers to review. The ability to self-manage treatment and crowdsource clinical trial data having been verified since 2013, it is relevant to the field of AI that it be recognized as the catalyst, hence the edits to this section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies) The arbitrary removal suggests bias for the reasons stated above.
Finally, this detail disrupts the Wikipedia guidelines that editors suggest maintain the dependency on clinicians for verification of any healthcare treatment data. This is contrary to the standards set by the BACB, as it necessitates it. Enabling self-directed (DIY) behavioral health treatment in the absence of a clinician . It is ironic that ABA is an important catalyst in redefining what it means to be a healthcare provider, and that informaton is being quashed by the editors of the ABA page.InfoPurist (talk) 04:15, 1 December 2015 (UTC)InfoPurist
I'd like to include a better definition -- can I just delete bad definitions and add good ones, or should I go through this talk page first? Here is what I'd like to add:
Applied Behavior Analysis: The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior. -- Cooper, Heron, Heward, 2007. Applied Behavior Analysis, Merril Prenitce Hall, Columbus Ohio.
Also, I'd like to include that ABA is the RESEARCH endeavour, not the treatment of anything -- that is a misnomer (from above source). I do understand, however, that it is often misused. Some thoughts on ABA can be found here: www.aboutbehavior.com/aba.php <--can this be used as a cited source...I'm not familiar with whether websites count. Please let me know how to proceed in editing this article. Josh.Pritchard.DBA (talk) 05:07, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
<undent>There used to be two ways - ever-increasing indents with an eventual outdent like this post, and every author taking one spacing and sticking to it (like our discussion on my talk page). Now there's only the former, apparently we're obselete. There's no perfect way, no matter what it gets confusing, but in general you always space to the right and don't interrupt pre-existing discussions (i.e. always post at the bottom). WLU (talk) 16:45, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
Josh, have you had a chance yet to read WP:BOLD? Generally, assuming good faith, you should feel free to make whatever improvements necessary until/unless another editor disagrees, then you stop and discuss. Uncited text can generally be deleted if you don't trust it, cited if it's correct, and cited text you may want to take more care with when it comes to deleting. SandyGeorgia (Talk) 22:39, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
I am happy to see a broad spectrum of how ABA applies to other areas such as the ones mentioned! It might be useful to briefly mention its relations to other therapies (PRT, ESDM...) that use ABA as a foundation.Jesssicagarnett (talk) 20:33, 1 March 2017 (UTC)
When defining prompting, I probably would not start with "The parent or therapist", since prompts can be naturally occuring, and environmental prompts.
Defining prompts, "A prompt is a cue or assistance to encourage the desired response from the student"
Prompts are often categorized into a prompt hierarchy from most intrusive to least intrusive. There is some controversy about what is considered most intrusive: physically intrusive versus hardest prompt to fade (ie verbal). In an errorless learning approach, prompts are given in a most-to-least sequence and faded systematically to ensure the student experiences a high level of success. A least-to-most method is preferred with some students who... (not sure how to finish this sentence. But, I think it is important to speak to both most-to-least, and least-to-most when describing prompting, as it is a more balanced view).
I agree with what you wrote about prompt fading, but this term should probably be used. I made some adjustments to what you wrote...I am open to more revisions.
"Prompts are faded systematically and as quickly as possible to avoid prompt dependency. The goal of teaching using prompts would be to fade prompts towards independence, so that no prompts are needed for the student to perform the desired behaviour"
Types of prompts:
Verbal prompts: Utilizing a vocalization to indicate the desired response. Ex: Saying "Take the toothpaste cap off" (Should be avoided when possible as verbal prompts are the hardest to fade);[citation needed]
I would add to this that it is appropriate to use a verbal prompt when teaching an expressive skill or functional language such as "Hello, Mrs. Smith" versus "Do you see Mrs. Smith?" to elicit a greeting.
Visual Prompts: a visual cue or picture. Ex. a picture schedule of toothbrushing or a picture of taking off the toothpaste
Gestural prompts: Utilizing a physical gesture to indicate the desired response. Ex: pointing at the toothpaste;
Positional prompt: the target stimulus is placed closer to the student (I think this is too technical, will need some revision).
Modeling: Modeling the desired response for the student. ex: taking the cap off to show the student how it is done.
I would suggest here to indicate that you would use this type of prompt only for students who learn through imitation and can attend to a model.
Physical prompts: Physically manipulating the student to produce the desired response. Ex: hand-over-hand manipulation of a faucet handle to begin hand-washing.
I might add the degrees of physical prompts such as a full physical prompt (ie. Hand-over-hand), versus a partial physical prompt
Since this is not an exhaustive list of possible prompts, I think it might be necessary to say just that. There are other prompts such as within-stimulus prompts, environmental prompts, etc.
I would end this discussion on prompts indicating that not all prompts need to be used in the hierarchy, but that the individual teaching would choose the prompts that are most effective for that student.--Svernon (talk) 03:29, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
I would suggest adding the categories of prompts (response prompts and stimulus prompts) and perhaps sort the types of prompts into these? Jesssicagarnett (talk) 20:38, 1 March 2017 (UTC)
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I'm confused, all these quotes are talking about behaviour modification No-genius (talk) 23:40, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
In the main body of the text, the term "child" is used repeatedly. It would be more appropriate to use the term "student" as many service recipients are adults. 71.225.2.34 00:59, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
"Person" is too much of an attempt at polical correctness, so much so that it is inaccurate. We are referring to persons who are receiving Applied Behaviour Analysis intervention, so using the label "person" does not retain this meaning. I suggest "client" as being appropriate, as it: 1) Conveys that we are working FOR or WITH the individual. 2) Is not biased towards their age or the school/methodology of ABA such as "child" or "student/pupil" would be. 3) The professional/academic designation and the in-person descriptor are not identical. While we would refer to XX as a client to other professional/para-professionals, to the person or the parent it is usually "Billy" or "Beanhead" or another organically occurring social name. So- the designation of the receiver of therapy need only be accurate within the professional context, and appropriate within the personal/social context. -Drew ( Clin.Psych./Behaviour Analyst working full-time with Autistics ) Plutophanes 11 November 2009 —Preceding undated comment added 19:08, 11 November 2009 (UTC).
I think the word individual or person is suitable in the place of children Tanaya Aaditya Samdurkar (talk) 15:35, 14 April 2018 (UTC)
The writing in this article is chaotic. It's not helping the cause of Behaviorism much to have things explained so poorly (read B.F. Skinner to see how to write concisely). It's also too long and verbose. You could cut it by 1/3 to 1/2 to good effect. But somebody has to do it who knows how to write & punctuate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.21.127.45 (talk) 19:22, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
The intro is impenetrable for a layman and is narrow in scope. The intro explains (poorly) only a part of ABA instead of it's broader empirical goals. It is also full of jargon. Please don't tell me to rewrite the intro. I tried, and my changes were reverted (probably by someone who doesn't even know what ABA is) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.127.219.21 (talk) 07:04, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
I gave the intro another shot. Of course, my change was reverted back to the crappy original intro for no specific reason in 30 seconds. What is the point of editing if some grammar snob is going to revert your edit for putting a comma where there should be a semicolon? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.127.219.21 (talk) 08:21, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
That is absolutely ridiculous. So I get a vandalism warning for a minor typo? Isn't it easier to just change the minor typo instead of reverting and issuing me a vandalism warning? Are you guys serious? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.127.219.21 (talk) 08:52, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
Well, I got a warning from some random guy. He justified it with vague references to "Wikipedia Policy". But I have changed my mind about the current intro. I think it barely makes sense at all, but better to have a grammatically perfect intro than a factually perfect one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.127.219.21 (talk) 09:06, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
Says the guy with 135 IQ and a psych degree, after puzzling over this jargon-laden free-association: "So it's B-mod, right?" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.79.120.90 (talk) 01:52, 5 July 2015 (UTC)
This article is hard to understand, for a layperson. There is a ton of jargon. Wikipedia is usually much easier for a layperson to understand. This article is written for professionals. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gclose11 (talk • contribs) 18:52, 2 March 2018 (UTC)
I think this article should be in simple official language Tanaya Aaditya Samdurkar (talk) 15:37, 14 April 2018 (UTC)
Page lacks a section for critiques of behavior analysis. This should be included. Research in behavior analysis has failed to find additive effects for functional analysis over contingency management alone. In addition, multiple critiques have been certed around the restrictedrange of populations that behavior analytic research today is being conducted with —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.95.151.139 (talk) 19:41, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
The critic section should add source to claim as these clams are not supported by any source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Knutjb (talk • contribs) 09:44, 19 April 2018 (UTC)
Should be pared back. Locochoko (talk) 23:46, 15 May 2019 (UTC)
@CatPath: Hello! My revision, in which I put "criticisms" under its own header, was just undone. I understand the reasoning - "this places undue weight... on criticisms, which only refer to autism." Is there some middle ground? For example, can we put it under the header but label it "Criticisms regarding use as autism therapy" or words to that effect? There is a growing chorus of #ActuallyAutistic people who are talking about their negative experiences with it, and I think that is notable enough to deserve its own subheading. Also the section is well-referenced and long enough to be its own section, and it's kinda hiding away in its current location. Thanks Locochoko (talk) 01:03, 16 May 2019 (UTC)
It is quite confusing to have to articles referring to the same form of treatment.
ABA is Behavior Modification in Applied Settings (also the book of the same name). It's basically modifying and reinforcing behavior by applying the use of behavior analysis (devised by B.F. Skinner). Moreover, See here: [10]. Behavior Modification has the same definition.
Not all ABA programs refer to Early Intensive Behavior Intervention/the Lovaas method or Pivotal response treatment (PRT), all of which are utilized for children and even young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). For other programs, ABA can be applied to various problems with which people have. It's called Positive behavior support (PBS, a form of ABA).
Finally, see here: [11]. Click "Search inside the book" and type Behavior Modification. It stated "Behavior Modification is an old expression [for Applied Behavior Analysis]".
Everything mentioned on the Behavior Mod article should be moved to the history section of Applied Behavior Analysis.
I would need approval for the articles to be merged with the information into one article: Applied Behavior Analysis.
Thanks!
ATC . Talk 02:34, 13 November 2012 (UTC)