Sylvia Raphael
Sylvia Raphael's grave in the Ramat HaKovesh cemetery
Born(1937-04-01)1 April 1937
Graaf Reinet, South Africa
Died9 February 2005(2005-02-09) (aged 67)
Pretoria, South Africa
Criminal statusReleased and deported from Norway in 1975
SpouseAnnæus Schjødt Jr.
Criminal chargeMurder, espionage, use of forged documents
Penalty5.5 years in prison

Sylvia Raphael Schjødt (born 1 April 1937 – 9 February 2005) was a South African-born Israeli Mossad agent, convicted of murder for her involvement in the Lillehammer affair in Norway.[1]

Biography

Sylvia Raphael was born near Cape Town, South Africa to a Jewish father and non-Jewish mother. She was raised as a Christian.[2] In 1963, after witnessing an antisemitic incident in her native country, she immigrated to Israel. She lived on a kibbutz and later worked as a teacher before moving to Tel Aviv, where she was recruited by the Mossad.

Raphael is buried in the cemetery of Kibbutz Ramat Kovesh.[3]

Espionage career

After training she attained the rank of “combatant,” the highest rank for a Mossad agent, which qualified Raphael to operate in foreign countries. She was sent to Paris in the guise of a freelance journalist with a Canadian passport in the name of real-life Canadian photojournalist Patricia Roxborough.[4]

When the Israeli government decided to track down the Black September operatives who committed the Munich massacre in Munich, West Germany, in 1972, Raphael provided valuable intelligence that led to the killing of three. She was then assigned to a Mossad team.[5] This was a covert operation directed by Mossad to assassinate individuals involved in the 1972 Olympics Munich massacre.

Lillehammer affair

Raphael was part of a group of Mossad agents who mistakenly assassinated Morocco-born waiter Ahmed Bouchiki (brother of Chico Bouchikhi) in Lillehammer, Norway, on 21 July 1973, an incident which became known as the Lillehammer affair.[5] The agents claimed to have mistaken Bouchiki for Ali Hassan Salameh, the chief organizer for Black September who had planned the Munich massacre.[6]

Raphael was arrested shortly after the killing. On February 1, 1974, the Eidsivating Court of Appeal convicted her of planned murder (the most serious murder conviction under Norwegian law), espionage, and use of forged documents.[7] Despite being sentenced to five-and-a-half years in prison, she was released after serving 15 months and deported from Norway as a foreign criminal in May 1975, as foreigners convicted of serious crimes are routinely deported after serving their sentences.

After her release, Raphael married her Norwegian defense attorney, Annæus Schjødt, but she was deported again after re-entering the country in 1977. Two years later she obtained a residence permit, but she left the country with her husband in 1992, settling in her native South Africa where she died in February 2005, aged 67, from cancer.[8]

Commemoration

Sylvia Raphael Square

A square named after her was erected in the Israeli town of Migdal. In 2016, director Saxon Logan compiled a documentary movie on her life called Sylvia: Tracing Blood.[9]

Further reading

Oren, Ram; Kfir, Moti (19 September 2014). Sylvia Rafael: The Life and Death of a Mossad Spy. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0813146959.

References

  1. ^ Norwegian Official Report 2000: 6 (Summary)
  2. ^ Joseph, Anne (April 21, 2017). "The spy who fell into a trap: How did a beautiful middle-class South African become one of Mossad's most successful spies?". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  3. ^ 'Time Not Yet Come for Historic Truth About Lillehamer', Haaretz
  4. ^ Swain, Jon (February 21, 2010). "Fresh-faced, I fell into the honey trap laid by Israel's Mata Hari". Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  5. ^ a b The Times Online obituary
  6. ^ "Jahloul "Chico" Bouchikhi". MTV Artists.
  7. ^ Norwegian Official Report 2000: 6, Chapter 4
  8. ^ "Sylvia Rafael: the Mossad spy they buried twice". The Jewish Chronicle. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  9. ^ "Sylvia: Tracing Blood". Internet Movie Database. IMDB. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

Media related to Sylvia Rafael at Wikimedia Commons

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