Patai was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary in 1910 to Edith Patai, née Ehrenfeld, and József Patai [hu]. Patai's mother was born in Nagyvárad to German-speaking, Jewish parents who expressed their commitment to Magyar nationalism by sending their daughter to Hungarian-language schools.[2] Both parents spoke Hungarian and German fluently and educated their children to be perfectly fluent in both languages.[2] His father was a prominent literary figure, author of numerous Zionist and other writings, including a biography of Theodor Herzl. József was founder and editor of the Jewish political and cultural journal Mult és jövő, (Past and Future) from 1911 to 1944, a journal that was revived in 1988 by János Köbányai in Budapest. József Patai also wrote an early History of Hungarian Jews and founded a Zionist organization in Hungary that procured support for the settlement of Jews in the British Mandate of Palestine.
Raphael Patai studied at rabbinicalseminaries in and at the University of Budapest and the University of Breslau, from which he received a doctorate in Semitic languages and Oriental history. He moved to Palestine in 1933, where his parents joined him in 1939, after he received the first doctorate awarded by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in 1936. He returned briefly to Budapest, where he completed his ordination at the Budapest Rabbinical Seminary.
During the late 1930s and early 1940s Patai taught at the Hebrew University and served as the secretary of the HaifaTechnion. He founded the Palestine Institute of Folklore and Ethnology in 1944, serving as its director of research for four years. He also served as scientific director of a Jewish folklore studies program for the Beit Ha'Am public cultural program in Jerusalem.[3]
Patai's work was wide-ranging but focused primarily on the cultural development of the ancient Hebrews and Israelites, on Jewish history and culture, and on the anthropology of the Middle East generally. He was the author of hundreds of scholarly articles and several dozen books, including three autobiographical volumes. In 1985 he was a contributor to an exhibit at the Museum of New Mexico.[4]
Patai married Naomi Tolkowsky, whose family had moved to what was then Palestine in the early twentieth century; they had two daughters, Jennifer (born 1942) and Daphne (born 1943).
He died in 1996 in Tucson, Arizona, at the age of 85.
Longtime Hebrew University of Jerusalemorganic chemistry professor Saul Patai[7] (1918-1998) was his brother.
^"At the door of the Tent of Meeting by Raphael Patai." in Zackheim, Michele. and Museum of Fine Arts. Museum of New Mexico. (1985). The Tent of Meeting : catalogue & guide. Santa Fe, NM : The Tent of Meeting.