Rade
Klei Êđê
Native toVietnam
EthnicityRade
Native speakers
180,000 in Vietnam (2007)[1]
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
rad – Rade
ibh – Bih
Glottolograde1240  Rade
biha1246  Bih
ELPBih

Rade (Rhade; Rade: klei Êđê; Vietnamese: tiếng Ê-đê or tiếng Ê Đê) is an Austronesian language of southern Vietnam. There may be some speakers in Cambodia. It is a member of the Chamic subgroup, and is closely related to the Cham language of central Vietnam.[2]

Dialects

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Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:24)[3] lists nine dialects of Rade. They are spoken mostly in Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam.

Bih, which has about 1,000 speakers, may be a separate language.[4] Tam Nguyen (2015) reported that there are only 10 speakers of Bih out of an ethnic population of about 400 people.[5]

A patrilineal Rade subgroup known as the Hmok or Hmok Pai is found in the Buôn Ma Thuột area (Phạm 2005:212).[6]

Classification

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Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23)[3] provides the following classification for the Rade dialects. Đoàn (1998) also provides a 1,000-word vocabulary list for all of the nine Rade dialects.

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23)[3] assigns the following cognacy percentages for comparisons between Kpă and the other eight dialects of Rade, with Bih as the most divergent dialect.

Vocabulary

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Phonology

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The spelling is shown in italics.

Vowels

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Rade vowels
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
High ĭ /i/ i /iː/ ư̆ /ɨ/ ư /ɨː/ ŭ /u/ u /uː/
Mid ê̆ /e/ ê /eː/ ơ̆ /ə/ ơ /əː/ ô̆ /o/ ô /oː/
Low ĕ /ɛ/ e /ɛː/ ă /a/ a /aː/ ŏ /ɔ/ o /ɔː/

Consonants

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Rade consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ñ /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Stop voiceless p /p/ t /t/ č /c/ k /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated ph // th // čh // kh //
voiced b /b/ d /d/ j /ɟ/ g /ɡ/
implosive ƀ /ɓ/ đ /ɗ/ dj /ʄ/
Fricative s /s/ h /h/
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ y /j/
Rhotic r /r/

References

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  1. ^ Rade at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Bih at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Rade (klei Êđê)". Omniglot.
  3. ^ a b c Đoàn, Văn Phúc (1998). Từ vựng các phương ngữ Êđê / Lexique des dialectes Êđê [Vocabulary of Rade Dialects] (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: Đại học quốc gia Hà Nội and École française d'Extrême-Orient.
  4. ^ Nguyen, Tam (2013). A Grammar of Bih (PhD thesis). University of Oregon. hdl:1794/12996.
  5. ^ Nguyen, Tam (2015). Language Endangerment Factors: A Case Study with Bih. Paper presented at SoLE-4, Payap University.
  6. ^ Phâm, Côn Sơn (2005). Non nước Việt Nam: sắc nét trung bộ (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: Phương Đông Publishers.
  7. ^ Đoàn 1993.

Further reading

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