| Prunum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Prunum fulminatum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Volutoidea |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Subfamily: | Pruninae |
| Genus: | Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852 |
| Type species | |
| Voluta prunum Gmelin, 1791
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Pruninae of the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.[1]
The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy.[2] A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in Prunum, the slender species with a thin callus in Volvarina, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements [1]
Species
[edit]Species within the genus Prunum include:[1]
- Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916)[3]
- Prunum adelantado Espinosa & Ortea, 2018
- Prunum aikeni T. Cossignani, 2018
- Prunum aitanae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019
- Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005[4]
- Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998[5]
- Prunum albuminosa (Dall, 1919)
- Prunum aletes Roth, 1978
- Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)[6]
- Prunum amphorale de Souza, 1992
- Prunum amygdalum (Kiener, 1841)[7]
- Prunum annulatum (Reeve, 1865)
- Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992)[8]
- Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828)[9]
- Prunum arangoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
- Prunum bahiense (Tomlin 1917)
- Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002
- Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009[10]
- Prunum beali (McGinty, 1940)
- Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890)
- Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884)[11]
- Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001[12]
- Prunum camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[13]
- Prunum canasense Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
- Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007[14]
- Prunum canilla (Dall, 1927)
- Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848)
- Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)[15]
- Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889)[16]
- Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004[17]
- Prunum chagosi Hayes & Boyer, 1997
- Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000[18]
- Prunum cinctum (Kiener, 1834)
- Prunum cineraceum (Dall, 1889)
- Prunum circumvittatum (Weisbord, 1962)
- Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005[19]
- Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
- Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977[20]
- Prunum curtum (G.B. Sowerby, 1832)
- Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006[21]
- Prunum dawnbrinkae Massier, 1993
- Prunum egmontense Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
- Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006[22]
- Prunum enriquevidali Espinosa & Ortea, 1995
- Prunum estafaniae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009
- Prunum evelynae (Bayer, 1943)
- Prunum flori Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
- Prunum frumari Petuch & Sargent, 2012
- Prunum fulminatum (Kiener, 1841)
- Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006[23]
- Prunum goliat Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
- Prunum gorgonense Roth, 1978
- Prunum gregorioi Espinosa & Ortea, 2018
- Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)[24]
- Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941)
- Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[25]
- Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009[26]
- Prunum hunabi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
- Prunum ianusi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
- Prunum javii Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013
- Prunum josealejandroi Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
- Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841)[27]
- Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
- Prunum lalanai Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
- Prunum leonardhilli Petuch, 1990
- Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)[28]
- Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[29]
- Prunum lorenae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
- Prunum macleani Roth, 1978
- Prunum magliaroi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021
- Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989)[30]
- Prunum marginatum (Born, 1778)
- Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009[31]
- Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
- Prunum mingueloi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
- Prunum montseae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014
- Prunum nataliae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009
- Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005[32]
- Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998[33]
- Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844)[34]
- Prunum nobilianum (Bayer, 1943)
- Prunum oblongum (Swainson, 1829) (nomen dubium)
- Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
- Prunum pacotalaverai Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014
- Prunum pellucidum (Pfeiffer, 1840)
- Prunum pinerum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977
- Prunum poeyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
- Prunum poulosi Lipe, 1996
- Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844)[35]
- Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
- Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[36]
- Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999[37]
- Prunum quelimanensis Bozzetti, 2001
- Prunum quini Ortea & Espinosa, 2018
- Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[38]
- Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882)[39]
- Prunum roosevelti (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939)
- Prunum rosasi Espinosa & Ortea, 2018
- Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860)[40]
- Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)[41]
- Prunum rubens (Martens, 1881)
- Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
- Prunum saulcyanum (Petit, 1851)
- † Prunum seriaense Harzhauser, Raven & Landau, 2018
- Prunum similerato Ortega & Gofas, 2019
- Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002[42]
- Prunum storeria (Couthouy, 1837)
- Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846)
- Prunum sunderlandorum Petuch & Berschauer, 2020
- Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014
- Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999[43]
- Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007[44]
- Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881)[45]
- Prunum triangulum Lussi & G. Smith, 2015
- Prunum virginianum (Conrad, 1868)
- Prunum walvisianum (Tomlin, 1920)
- Prunum woodbridgei (Hertlein & Strong, 1951)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Prunum abbreviatum (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Volvarina lactea (Kiener, 1841)
- Prunum adelum (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum aguayoi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)
- Prunum agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hydroginella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum alabaster Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Volvarina rubella navicella Reeve, 1865
- Prunum ameliensis (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917)
- Prunum attenuatum (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865)
- Prunum augusta (Thiele, 1925): synonym of Dentimargo augusta (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844): synonym of Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890)
- Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881):[46] synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
- Prunum bahiensis [sic]: synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917) (incorrect gender ending)
- Prunum avenellum (Dall, 1881): synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
- Prunum batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002:[47] synonym of Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002
- Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868):[48] synonym of Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844)
- Prunum caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Prunum cahuitaensis Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003: synonym of Prunum cahuitaense Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 (incorrect gender ending)
- Prunum canasensis Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011: synonym of Prunum canasense Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 (incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
- Prunum canellum (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)
- Prunum cantharus Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848)
- Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848)
- Prunum carnum Storer, 1837 : synonym of Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)
- Prunum charbarensis (Melvill, 1897) : synonym of Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)
- Prunum colomborum Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of Marginella colomborum (Bozzetti, 1995)
- Prunum conchibellus Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 : synonym of Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
- Prunum crassilabrum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846) : synonym of Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
- Prunum deliciosum (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912) : synonym of Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913)
- Prunum dinisioi T. Cossignani, 2006: synonym of Volvarina dinisioi (T. Cossignani, 2006) (original combination)
- Prunum egmontensis [sic]: synonym of Prunum egmontense Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 (original spelling: incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
- Prunum evax Li, 1930 : synonym of Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
- Prunum exile (Gmelin, 1791) : synonym of Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791)
- Prunum fortunatum (Clover & Macca, 1990): synonym of Volvarina fortunata Clover & Macca, 1990
- Prunum fraterculus E.A. Smith, 1915 : synonym of Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
- Prunum fulgidum Lussi & G. Smith, 1999: synonym of Volvarina fulgida (Lussi & G. Smith, 1999) (original combination)
- Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941):[49] synonym of Prunum virginianum hartleyana (Schwengel, 1941)
- Prunum helena Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hyalina helena (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum hoffi Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of Canalispira hoffi (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991)
- Prunum hondurasense (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
- Prunum hondurasensis (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
- Prunum insulanum (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988) : synonym of Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988
- Prunum joubini Bavay, 1913: synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917)
- Prunum keenii Marrat, 1871: synonym of Hyalina keenii (Marrat, 1871)
- Prunum laetitium (Thiele, 1925): synonym of Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum longivaricosum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Prunum mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901): synonym of Volvarina mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
- Prunum marianae Bozzetti, 1999: synonym of Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & G. Smith, 1999
- Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Volvarina monilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Prunum olivaeformis (Kiener, 1834): synonym of Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
- Prunum pergrande (Clover, 1974): synonym of Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974
- Prunum pergrandis [sic]: synonym of Prunum pergrande (Clover, 1974): synonym of Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974 (incorrect gender ending)
- Prunum riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992: synonym of Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
- Prunum roberti (Bavay, 1917): synonym of Volvarina roberti (Bavay, 1917)
- Prunum roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 : synonym of Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)
- Prunum sauliae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1846): synonym of Volvarina sauliae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1846)
- Prunum serrei Bavay, 1913 : synonym of Volvarina serrei (Bavay, 1913)
- Prunum sowerbyanum Petit, 1851 : synonym of Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Prunum styrium Dall, 1889 : synonym of Volvarina styria (Dall, 1889)
- Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846):[50] synonym of Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846)
- Prunum tacoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2014: synonym of Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014
- Prunum terverianum (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851): synonym of Volvarina monilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Prunum watsoni (Dall, 1881): synonym of Eratoidea watsoni (Dall, 1881)
- Prunum yucatecana (Dall, 1881): synonym of Dentimargo yucatecanus (Dall, 1881): synonym of Dentimargo yucatecana (Dall, 1881)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 23 January 2011.
- ^ Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001 ISBN 0-226-38930-8
- ^ Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum amygdala Kiener. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum Camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum Batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 April 2010.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prunum.
- Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp