Phlomoides tuberosa | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Lamiaceae |
Genus: | Phlomoides |
Species: | P. tuberosa
|
Binomial name | |
Phlomoides tuberosa | |
Synonyms[1] | |
Synonymy
|
Phlomoides tuberosa (syn. Phlomis tuberosa), the sage-leaf mullein,[2] is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia and Europe. Enlarged, tuberous roots give rise to erect stems to 150 cm bearing purple-red flowers.[3]
Phytochemical analyses of Phlomoides tuberosa leaves have found flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-О-glucuronide, orientin, isoorientin,[4][5][6][7] phenylpropanoids acteoside (verbascoside), forsythoside B,[8] decaffeoyl-acteoside, leucosceptoside A, marthynoside, neolignanes,[9] iridoids sesamoside, 5-desoxy-sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamalbide,[10] 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside, phloyoside I, chlorotuberoside,[9] sterols, triterpenes oleanolic acid, ursolic acid.[11] Dried leaves of plants collected in Buryatia yielded 0.02% of essential oil with a weak aroma with dominant phytol, linalool, eugenol and caryophyllene oxide.[12] The seed has yielded 11.8% of oil, including 3.3% gadoleic acid and some fatty acids containing the unusual allene group, 25.1% laballenic acid and 2.9% phlomic acid.[13] The roots shown the presence of oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, flavonoids luteolin, linarin, quercitrin, phenylpropanoids acteoside, isoacteoside (isoverbascoside), forsythoside B, chlorogenic acid, decaffeoyl-acteosyde, iridoids shazhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhigenin methyl ester, floyoside I, phlotuberosides I and II, phlorigidoside C, diterpenes (abietanes, labdanes).[14][15]
This plant is grown in full sun, but may tolerate some shade.[2] The cultivar 'Amazone' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[16]
The Kalmyks are said to have eaten the cooked root, calling the plant bodmon sok.[17] Another source for Mongolia has the plant used as a folk restorative medicine against intoxication, tuberculosis, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.[14] Buryat lamas used some part of the plant to treat diarrhoea, eye and lung disease and as a sedative.[12]