Pestalotiopsis is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the Sporocadaceae family.[1]Pestalotiopsis species are known as plant pathogens, common endophytes or saprobes in a variety of hosts and environments. The species of fungi within this genus are normally considered as secondary pathogens that can be responsible for a variety of plant diseases, including cankers, dieback, leaf spots, needle blight, tip blight, grey blight, severe chlorosis, fruit rots and various post-harvest diseases.[2][3][4]Pestalotiopsis species occur as generalist endophytes in trees of Western Ghats forests of southern India.[5] In Chile, Pestalotiopsis clavispora and other Pestalotiopsis spp. causes postharvest stem end rot on avocado plants.[6]
19 different Pestalotiopsis species have been found as endophytes from bark and needles of Pinus armandiiFranch. in China.[7] Botella and Diez reported the isolation of a Pestalotiopsis sp. from Pinus halepensisMill. in Spain,[8] and Maharachchikumbura et al. referred to a Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from a Pinus sp. in China.[9]Pestalotiopsis species have also been isolated as endophytes from pine seeds of Pinus armandii in Yunnan province, China,[10] and several other pine species across Europe and North America.[11] Then in 2020, Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov., was found as an emerging pathogen on Stone Pine (Pinus pineaL.) and on Pinus pinaster in Portugal.[12]
The genus name of Pestalotiopsis is in honour of Fortunato Pestalozza (died 1878), who was an Italian botanist and doctor who worked in Constantinople and Antalya.[13]
The genus was circumscribed by René Leopold Alix Ghislain Jules Steyaert in Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. vol.19 on page 300 in 1949.
The sexual state of Pesalotiopsis is Pestalosphaeria, which was introduced by Barr (in 1975) with the type species Pestalosphaeria concentrica. This species was isolated from the grey-brown spots on the living leaves of Rhododendron maximum growing in North Carolina, USA.[14]
Some members of the genus are able to grow on the synthetic polymer polyurethane as its sole carbon source under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, hence show promise as a form of bioremediation for waste reduction.[15]
Some members of the genus are able to produce taxol.[16]
^Espinoza, J.G.; Briceño, E.X.; Keith, L.M.; Latorre, B.A. (2008). "Canker and twig dieback of blueberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and a Truncatella sp. in Chile". Plant Dis. 92: 1407–1414.
^Lorenzini, M.; Zapparoli, G. (2018). "Identification of Pestalotiopsis bicilita, Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe eres causing fruit rot in withered grapes in Italy". Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 151: 1089–1093.
^Maharachchikumbura, S.; Larignon, P.; Hyde, K.; Al-Sadi, A.; Liu, Z.-Y. (2017). "Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in France". Phytopathol. Mediterr. 55: 380–390.
^Reddy, M.S.; Murali, T.S.; Suryanarayanan, T.S.; Rajulu, M.B.G.; Thirunavukkarasu, N. (2016). "Pestalotiopsis species occur as generalist endophytes in trees of Western Ghats forests of southern India". Fungal Ecology. 24: 70‑75. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2016.09.002.
^Valencia, A. L.; Torres, R.; Latorre, B. A. (2011). "First report of Pestalotiopsis clavispora and Pestalotiopsis spp. causing postharvest stem end rot of avocado in Chile". Plant Dis. 95: 492–492. doi:10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0844.
^Hu, H.; Jeewon, R.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, T.; Hyde, K.D. (2007). "Phylogenetic diversity of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species in Pinus armandii and Ribes spp.: Evidence from rDNA and β-Tubulin gene phylogenies". Fungal Divers. 24: 1–22.
^Botella, L.; Javier Diez, J. (2011). "Phylogenic diversity of fungal endophytes in Spanish stands of Pinus halepensis". Fungal Divers. 47: 9–18.
^Tibpromma, S.; Mortimer, P.E.; Karunarathna, S.C.; Zhan, F.; Xu, J.; Promputtha, I.; Yan, K. (2019). "Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal Pestalotiopsis pinicola sp. nov. and a new host record of Cladosporium anthropophilum from edible pine (Pinus armandii) seeds in Yunnan province, China". Pathogens. 8: 285.
^Cleary, M.; Oskay, F.; Doğmuş, H.T.; Lehtijärvi, A.; Woodward, S.; Vettraino, A.M. (2019). "Cryptic risks to forest biosecurity associated with the global movement of commercial seed". Forests. 10: 459.
^Silva, Ana Cristina; Diogo, Eugénio; Henriques, Joana; Ramos, Ana Paula; Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo; Crous, Pedro W.; Bragança, Helena (2020). "'Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov., an Emerging Pathogen on Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.)". Forests. 11 (8): 805. doi:10.3390/f11080805.((cite journal)): CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^Russell, Jonathan R.; Huang, Jeffrey; Anand, Pria; Kucera, Kaury; Sandoval, Amanda G.; Dantzler, Kathleen W.; Hickman, Dashawn; Jee, Justin; Kimovec, Farrah M.; Koppstein, David; Marks, Daniel H.; Mittermiller, Paul A.; Núñez, Salvador Joel; Santiago, Marina; Townes, Maria A.; Vishnevetsky, Michael; Williams, Neely E.; Vargas, Mario Percy Núñez; Boulanger, Lori-Ann; Bascom-Slack, Carol; Strobel, Scott A. (2011). "Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076–6084. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.6076R. doi:10.1128/AEM.00521-11. PMC3165411. PMID21764951.
^Gangadevi V, Murugan M, Muthumary J (2008). "Taxol determination from Pestalotiopsis pauciseta, a fungal endophyte of a medicinal plant". Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 24 (8): 1433–8. doi:10.1016/s1872-2075(08)60065-5. PMID18998547.