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Developer | Various (Eclipse Foundation, Huawei, Linaro, Seco and others) |
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Written in | C, C++, JS, Rust and ArkTS |
OS family | OpenHarmony |
Working state | Current |
Source model | Open source |
Initial release | October 26, 2021 |
Latest release | 4.0 / October 26, 2023[1] |
Repository | github |
Marketing target | Internet of Things, Edge computing, Single-board computers, Embedded systems, Home automation, Home appliances, Multimedia devices, Consumer electronics, Internet of vehicles |
Update method | Over-the-air |
Package manager | .app |
Platforms | ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64 and LoongArch[2] |
Kernel type | Multikernel (KAL (Kernel Abstract Layer subsystem) with Zephyr kernel, Linux Yocto and add-ons |
Userland | System Service Layer[3] |
License | Eclipse Public License |
Official website | oniroproject |
Support status | |
Supported |
Eclipse Foundation Oniro OS, or Oniro OS, is a vendor-netural open-source distro based on OpenHarmony in partnership with OpenAtom Foundation.[5] This distro is similar to HarmonyOS, the open-source distributed operating system built for Internet of things with a multi-layered architecture, which consists of four layers from the bottom to the top (kernel layer, system service layer, framework layer, and application layer).
Oniro OS supports various devices running on a RTOS-based Zephyr kernel such as printers, speakers, smartwatches, smart thermostats and any other smart device with memory as small as 128 KB, or running on the bigger Linux Yocto kernel with memory greater than 128 MB on Raspberry Pi-class devices.
Applications for HarmonyOS are mostly built using components of ArkUI alongside cross-platform ArkUI-X variant, a Declarative User Interface framework. ArkUI elements are adaptable to various devices and include new interface rules with automatic updates along with HarmonyOS updates.[6]
Oniro OS is based on OpenHarmony, the open-source version of HarmonyOS, and primarily uses App Pack files suffixed with .app (also known as APP files) for distribution of software via AppGallery. It also employs third-party distribution application stores on operating systems like the Linux-based Unity Operating System. Each App Pack contains one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAP) including code for their abilities, resources, libraries, and a JSON file with configuration information.[7]
The operating system utilizes the Linux Yocto kernel for bigger memory devices, as well as the RTOS-based Zephyr kernel for smaller memory-constrained devices in the Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) subsystem. For webview applications, it incorporates the Servo browser engine at the system level for security.[8]
As a universal single IoT platform, Oniro OS allows developers to write apps once and run everywhere across devices such as phones, tablets, personal computers, TVs, cars, smartwatches, single board computers, and screenless IoT devices such as smart speakers.[9]
See also: HarmonyOS version history |
See also: OpenHarmony § Software development |
With downstream integration development, Eclipse Oniro currently bases its enhancements of OpenHarmony on the latest 4.0 release. Newer versions become targeted as they become available and used by the working group members. For Eclipse Oniro, a downstream OpenHarmony distribution, the primary focus is to ensure well-integrated and tested features. The downstream fork would hold all changes and would be tested by developers and CI for releases through the GitHub repo. OpenHarmony upstream integrates pull requests on the Gitee master branch.[10]
Version number | Release date | API level | Main features |
---|---|---|---|
3.0 long-term support version | October 26, 2021 | 7 | New features and functions for lightweight, small and standard systems |
3.1 Beta version | December 31, 2021 | 8-9 | Enhance basic capabilities, system distribution capabilities, system application framework capabilities, and lightweight system capabilities, etc. |
3.2 Beta version 1[11] | May 31, 2022 | 8-9 | Enhance the basic capabilities of lightweight and standard systems, the framework capabilities of standard system applications, and the application capabilities of standard systems |
4.0 beta version 1[12] | June 3, 2023 | 10 | Improve the capabilities of the standard system and further improve the capabilities and effects of ArkUI components |
4.0 release version | October 26, 2023 | 10 | A large number of ArkTS APIs have been added, and the scope of distributed hardware support has been expanded |