Company type | Joint-stock company |
---|---|
Industry | Defense |
Founded | 1953 |
Headquarters | , Russia |
Products | Anti-aircraft defence systems, Missiles, Anti-ballistic missiles |
Parent | Almaz-Antey |
Website | npofakel |
MKB "Fakel" (Russian: МКБ "Факел", "Torch"), also known as P.D.Grushin Machine-building Design Bureau, is a Russian government-owned aerospace defense corporation located in Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia.
MKB Fakel was founded in 1953 under the designation OKB-2[1] to facilitate development of guided surface-to-air missiles in response to a growing threat of US air attack[citation needed] on the Soviet Union and its allies. MKB Fakel developed missiles which were used in Soviet surface-to-air defense systems S-75, 9K33 Osa, S-125, S-200, S-300, and many other systems.
In July 1958 the corporation was awarded an Order of Lenin for successful development of guided missiles for the S-75 defense system.
Missiles developed by MKB Fakel were the first in the world surface-to-air guided missiles successfully employed in military action. On May 1, 1960, American high altitude reconnaissance aircraft Lockheed U-2 was shot down near Sverdlovsk by Fakel's 11D missile (S-75) while flying over Soviet territory.
Overall, missiles developed by MKB "Fakel" were employed in more than 30 countries, including Cuba, China, Vietnam and destroyed more than 2,500 of enemy aircraft.[2][3]
In April 1981 it was awarded an Order of the October Revolution for successful development of guided missiles for the S-300 defense system.
In 2002 the company joined the Almaz-Antey holding.
The bureau has designed the following tactical and strategic surface-to-air missiles, as well as exoatmospheric anti-ballistic missile interceptors:[4]