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In biology, a lorica is a shell-like protective outer covering, often reinforced with sand grains and other particles that some protozoans and loriciferan animals secrete.[1] Usually it is tubular or conical in shape, with a loose case that is closed at one end.[2] An example is the protozoan genus Stentor, in which the lorica is trumpet-shaped. In the tintinnids, the lorica is frequently transparent and is used as domicile.[3] Halofolliculina corallasia has a lorica that is attached as an outer structure, and into which it retracts when disturbed.
There are three phases in the formation of lorica: agglomeration in a natural cast; helical extension; and stabilization.[4]
The original meaning of the word is: cuirass, a type of chest armor, originally made of leather, afterward of plates of metal or horn sewed on linen or the like.[citation needed]