This is a partial list of the identified hereditary rulers on the Indonesian island Java, and the adjacent island Madura.

Included are some states and rulers whose existence remain open to conjecture, due to inadequate historical evidence, while others are historically verifiable. Some rulers are also considered to be mythical in that although evidence is available to claim their places in various royal family trees, there are no independent items of corroborating evidence to clarify their existence.

Some of these have continued as titular entities after the achievement of Indonesian independence in 1945.

Ruler of Jawadwipa

Rulers of Tarumanagara

Rulers of Sunda

Rulers of ancient Java

Shailendra dynasty

Rulers in ancient East Java

Rulers of Janggala

Rulers of Kediri

Rulers of Singhasari

Rulers of Majapahit

Rulers of Blambangan

Rulers of Demak

Rulers of Pajang

Rulers of Giri (in Gresik)

Rulers of Surabaya

See also: Duchy of Surabaya

Rulers of Pasuruan

Rulers of Tuban

Rulers of Cirebon

Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kasepuhan

Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman

Rulers of Cirebon, Panembahan line

Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kacirebonan

Rulers of Banten

Rulers of Mataram

Rulers of Surakarta

Rulers of Yogyakarta

Rulers of Mangkunegaran

Rulers of Pakualaman

Rulers of Kalibawang

Ruler of Nangulan

Rulers of Bangkalan

Rulers of Sumenep

Rulers of Pamekasan

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Krom (1931), p. 61-2.
  2. ^ Krom (1931), p. 77-83.
  3. ^ Krom (1931), p. 470, 472; Atja & Saleh (1981).
  4. ^ Jordaan (1993); Coedès (1968); Krom (1931).
  5. ^ Coedés (1968), p. 89
  6. ^ De Casparis (1950), p. 133.
  7. ^ Krom (1931), p. 470.
  8. ^ Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), p. 257-65.
  9. ^ Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), p. 265-80; Coedès (1968); Krom (1931), p. 272-301.
  10. ^ Krom (1931), p. 471; De Graaf (1949), p. 480.
  11. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 480; Noorduyn (1978); Krom (1931), p. 471.
  12. ^ Arifin (1995); De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 192-8.
  13. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 481; De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 34-85.
  14. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 206-19.
  15. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 137-55; Truhart (2003), p. 1237.
  16. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 156-68; Truhart (2003), p. 1235.
  17. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179-84.
  18. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 130-6; Truhart (2003), p. 1236.
  19. ^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  20. ^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  21. ^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  22. ^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  23. ^ Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228-9.
  24. ^ Truhart (2003), p. 1230-1; Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888).
  25. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233-4.
  26. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Selayang pandang (1990); Truhart (2003), p. 1234.
  27. ^ Stokvis (1888).
  28. ^ Stokvis (1888).
  29. ^ Sutherland (1973-1974).
  30. ^ Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
  31. ^ Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973-1974).