This is a list of investigational attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs , or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but are not yet approved. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.
TRN-110 [extended-release] – undefined mechanism / extended-release form of an undisclosed drug [1] Phase 3 clinical trials [ edit ] Centanafadine [sustained-release] (centanafadine SR, CTN-SR, EB-1020, EB-1020 SR) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [2] Dexmethylphenidate [controlled release] (CTX-1301) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [3] Edivoxetine (LY-2216684) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [4] Molindone [extended-release] (AFX-2201, EN-1733A, molindone XR, SPN-810, SPN-810M, Zalvari) – antipsychotic / dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and serotonin receptor modulator (e.g., serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) — specifically under development for impulsive aggression in ADHD [5] [1] [2] Serdexmethylphenidate (KP-484) – dexmethylphenidate prodrug / norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [6] [7] Solriamfetol (ADX-N05, ARL-N05, JZP-110, SKL-N05; Sunosi) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [8] Phase 2 clinical trials [ edit ] CX-717 – ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator [9] Mazindol [controlled release] (NLS-0, NLS-1, NLS-10, NLS-13, NLS-2, Nolazol, Quilience) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [10] PDC-1421 (BLI-1005) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [11] Phase 1 clinical trials [ edit ] AFX-2401 – "neurotransmitter modulator" [12]
Atomoxetine [oral solution] (TAH-9922) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [13] Dextroamphetamine [abuse-deterrent immediate-release] (ADAIR) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent [14] [ edit ] No development reported [ edit ] AFI-002 – undefined mechanism [18]
Altropane (123-I Altropane®, [123I]-E-IACFT Injection, [123I]NAV5001, CFT, Iodine-123-E-IACFT Injection, NAV-5001, O-587) – dopamine reuptake inhibitor / single-photon emission-computed tomography enhancer [19] Amphetamine [oral abuse-deterrent immediate-release] (ADAIR) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent [20] Bavisant (BEN-2001, JNJ-1074, JNJ-31001074) – histamine H3 receptor antagonist [21]
BCWP-E003 – undefined mechanism [22]
BLI-1008 – undefined mechanism [23]
Brilaroxazine (RP-5000, RP-5063) – atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulator [24] Cannabidiol/gabapentin (Cannbleph) – cannabinoid receptor modulator and gabapentinoid [25]
Ciforadenant (CPI-444, V-81444) – adenosine A2A receptor antagonist [26]
CM-4612 (CM-ADHD, CM-AT, CM-PK) – gastrointestinal/pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy [27]
CRD-102 – undefined mechanism [28]
Dasotraline (DSP-225289, SEP-225289, SEP-0225289, SEP-225289-HCI, SEP-289) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [29] Dextroamphetamine [abuse-resistant] (PF-08, PFR 08001, PFR08026) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent [30] Dextroamphetamine sulfate [modified release capsules] (HLD-900, HLD-100) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent [31] Dopamine [intranasal] (DopaMat, MPP-18) – dopamine receptor agonist [32] Eltoprazine (DU-28853) – serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor agonist [33] Fasoracetam [co-crystallised] (AEVI-004, NFC-1) – racetam / metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator [34] GTS-21 (DMXB-A, DMXB-A sustained release, DMXB-A-SR) – α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [35] Guanfacine [once-daily] (Guanfacine Carrier Wave, SPD-547) – α2 -adrenergic receptor agonist [36] IPX-233 (IPX233 ER C0003, IPX233-C0001, IPX233-C0002, IPX233-T0001, IPX233-T0002) – central nervous system stimulant [37]
Masupirdine (M1, M1 of SUVN-502, SUVN-502, SVN-502) – serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist [38]
Methylphenidate [extended-release/abuse-resistant] (COL-171) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [39] Methylphenidate [fast dissolve tablet] [Samyang Holdings Biopharmaceuticals] – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [40] Methylphenidate [transdermal system] (SHX-009) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [41] [42] Methylphenidate/naltrexone (AVK-001) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and opioid receptor antagonist [43]
Nic-12 – undefined mechanism [44]
NLS-2 – antianaemic / heavy metal / iron replacement [45]
PD-3044 – dopamine reuptake inhibitor [46]
Pitolisant (tiprolisant; BF-2.649, BF-2649, Ozawade, Wakix) – histamine H3 receptor antagonist [47] R-Sibutramine metabolite ((+)-desmethylsibutramine, (+)-didesmethylsibutramine, R-DDMS, R-desmethylsibutramine, R-didesmethylsibutramine) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [48]
Selegiline [transdermal] (Emsam) – monoamine oxidase B inhibitor [49] SKL-13865 (SKL-ADHD) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [50]
Sofinicline (A-422894.0, ABT-894) – α4 β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator [51]
SPN-811 – undefined mechanism [52]
Taminadenant (NIR-178, PBF-509) – adenosine A2A receptor antagonist [53] Research programmes [ edit ] Ampakines / AMPA receptor modulators [RespireRx] (CX-516, CX-614, CX-707, CX-929, CX-1501, CX-1763, CX-1796, CX-1837, CX-1846, CX-1942, CX-2007, CX-2076) [54]
Cannabis extracts [Cannabis Science] (CBIS GAP-001, CBIS LC-001, CBIS OBLD-001, CBIS OCD-001, CBIS PC-001, CBIS PPC-001, CBIS PS-001, CBIS SD-001, CBIS SSA-001, CBIS-OS-001, CBIS-PTSD-001, CS NEURO 1, CS-S/BCC-1, CS-TATI-1) – cannabinoid receptor modulators [55]
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors / adrenergic receptor antagonists [Pfizer] (NRI-022, NRI-193, WAY-253203, WAY-256805, WAY-260022, WAY-315193, WAY-318068) [56]
Pim2 / PolyPhetamine [ITL Pharma] [57]
Subtype-selective glutamate NMDA receptor modulators / glutamate NR2B receptor modulators [Novartis] [58] Not under development [ edit ] Development discontinued [ edit ] ABT-418 – nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [59] Amphetamine [transdermal patch] [Noven/Takeda] – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent [60] Ampreloxetine (TD-9855) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [61]
AR-08 – adrenergic receptor agonist [62]
Aripiprazole (Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify MyCite, Abilitat, Ao Pai, Aripiprazole depot, Aripiprazole ECER tablets, Arlemide; OPC-14597, OPC-14597 IMD, OPC-31) – atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulator [63] AZD-5213 – histamine H3 receptor antagonist [64]
Bifemelane (SON-216) – monoamine oxidase inhibitor and weak norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [65] Bradanicline (ATA-101, TC-0569, TC-5619, TC-5619-238) – α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [66] Brexpiprazole (Rexulti, Rxulti; Lu-AF41156, OPC-34712, OPDC-34712) – atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulator [67] Buspirone [transdermal] (BuSpar Patch) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, other actions [68] Cipralisant (GT-2331; Perceptin) – histamine H3 receptor antagonist [69] CX-516 (1-BCP, AMPAlex, BDP-12, SPD-420) – ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator [70] CX-1739 – ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator [71] Donepezil (Aricept, Aricept D, Aricept Dry Syrup, Aricept Evess, Aricept ODT, Aricept SR, Donepezil SR, E-2020, E-2022, Eranz) – acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [72] Droxidopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine, 3,4-threo-DOPS, L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine, L-threodops, Northera, threo-dopaserine, threo-DOPS) – prodrug of norepinephrine / adrenergic receptor agonist [73] Fasoracetam (AEVI-001, LAM-105, MDGN-001, NFC-1, NS-105) – racetam / metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator [74] Ispronicline (AZD-3480, RJR-1734, TC 01734, TC-1734, TC-1734-112) – α4 β2 -nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [75] KP-106 (dextroamphetamine prodrug oral film) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent [76]
Lauflumide (flmodafinil, bisfluoromodafinil; NLS-14, NLS-4) – weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other actions [77] Manifaxine (BW-1555U88, GW-320659) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [78] Mecamylamine (Inversine, Tridmac) – nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist [79] MEM-68626 – 5-HT6 receptor antagonist [80]
Metadoxine [sustained/extended-release] (pyridoxine-pyrrolidone carboxylate, pyridoxine pidolate; MDX, metadoxine SR, MG-01CI) – serotonin 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, GABA modulator, other actions [81] Methylphenidate [transdermal patch] (TAH-9901) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [82] MK-0249 – histamine H3 receptor antagonist [83]
Modafinil (AFT-801, Alertec, Attenace, CN-801, CRL-40476, Modasamil, Modasonil, Modavigil, Modiodal, Provigil, Sparlon, Vigil) – weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other actions [84] Nicotine/opipramol (ND-0801; opipramol/nicotine) – tricyclic antidepressant / monoamine and sigma receptor modulator and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [85]
NLS-8 – undefined mechanism [86]
NS-2359 (GSK-372475) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [87] OPC-64005 – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [88]
ORG-26576 (ORG26576) – ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator [89] PF-3654746 (PF-03654746) – histamine H3 receptor antagonist [90]
Phacetoperane (NLS-3) – methylphenidate analogue / central nervous system stimulant / norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (?) [91] Pirepemat (IRL-752) – "cortical enhancer" / serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist and α2C -adrenergic receptor antagonist, other actions [92] [3]
Pozanicline (A-87089.0, ABT-089) – α4 β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [93] SEP-225432 – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [94]
SGS-742 (CGP-36742, DVD-742, Lu-AE58479, SGS-742) – GABAB receptor antagonist [95]
SPD-483 – undefined mechanism [96]
SPD-554 (Guanfacine Carrier Wave project) – α2 -adrenergic receptor agonist [97]
SPI-339 (NEO-339) – undefined mechanism [98]
TAK-137 – AMPA receptor potentiator [99]
TC-6683 (AZD 1446, TC-6683) – α4 β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist [100]
Tipepidine [sustained-release] (TS-141) – GIRK inhibitor [101] Vortioxetine (Brintellix, LU-AA21004, LuAA 21004, Trintellix) – antidepressant / serotonin reuptake inhibitor and serotonin receptor modulator [102] Research programmes [ edit ] Potassium channel modulators [Astellas Pharma/Icagen] [103] Clinically used drugs [ edit ] [ edit ] Amphetamine (Adzenys ER, Adzenys XR-ODT, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, Evekeo ODT) [104] [105] [106] [107] Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Zenzedi, Xelstrym) [108] [109] Fenethylline (Biocapton, Captagon, Fitton) – amphetamine and theophylline prodrug — discontinued/no longer usedLisdexamfetamine (Elvanse, Tyvense, Venvanse, Vyvanse) – dextroamphetamine prodrug [110] Methamphetamine (dextromethamphetamine; Desoxyn, Methampex) [111] [112] Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis) [113] Pemoline (Betanamin, Ceractiv, Cylert, Tradon) – withdrawn/discontinued due to toxicity [114] [115] [ edit ] Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR) [116] Methylphenidate (Adhansia XR, Aptensio XR, Benjorna, Biphentin, Concerta, Cotempla XR-ODT, Daytrana, Equasym, Foquest, Jornay PM, Metadate, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methydur, MethyPatch, Oradur, QuilliChew ER, Quillivant XR, Ritalin, Ritalin SR) [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate (Azstarys) [130] Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [ edit ] 2 -Adrenergic receptor agonists[ edit ]
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