This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold .[1] [2]
The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:
Arcticaborg (1998–2018; transferred to Canada)
Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
Tulpar (2002–)
Mangystau -class icebreaking tugs
Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
Mangystau-3 (2011–)
Mangystau-4 (2011–)
Mangystau-5 (2011–)
Icebreakers
The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.
Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal
Diesel-powered icebreakers
Kapitan Khlebnikov en route to Wrangel IslandWind class
Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island ; returned to the United States)
Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind ; returned to the United States)
Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind ; returned to the United States)
Kapitan Belousov class
Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)[57]
Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)[58]
Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)[59]
Moskva class
Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)[60]
Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)[61]
Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)[62]
Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)[63]
Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)[64]
Civilian variants of Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97A)
Ermak class
Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
Kapitan Sorokin class
Kapitan Chechkin class
Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
Mudyug class
Kapitan Evdokimov class
Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)[78]
Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu , ex-Kapitan Chubakov ; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu ; purchased from Finland)
Project 21900
Baltika (2014–)
Project MPSV06
Beringov Proliv (2015–)[79]
Murman (2015–)[79]
Kerchenskiy Proliv (under construction)[80]
Project 21900M
Ob (2019–)[83]
Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg ; purchased from Kazakhstan)
Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)[84]
Project 21900M2
Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2023– (planned); construction stopped as of 2021)[85]
Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (planned); under construction)[86]
Boris Lavrov (2024– (planned); under construction)[87]
Project 23620
Two unnamed Project 23620 icebreakers (2024– (planned); ordered)[88] [89]
Project MPSV06M
Pevek (2024– (planned); under construction)[90]
Anadyr (2024– (planned); under construction)[91]
Project 22740M
Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[92]
Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[93]
Steam-powered icebreakers
Steam-powered icebreaker Yermak Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)[94] [95] [96]
Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)[94]
Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)[97]
Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)[94]
Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)[94]
Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)[94] [98]
Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)[94]
A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich , ex-Wäinämöinen , ex-Suur Tõll ; sold to Estonia in 1987)
Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey ; broken up)
Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)[94]
Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)[99]
Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)[100]
Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)[101]
Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)[102]
Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea )[103]
Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg )
Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
Toros (1929–1964)[94]
Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima ; broken up)
Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu ; broken up)
Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel ; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island )
Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär ; broken up in 1981)[104]
Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor ; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island )
Other icebreaking vessels
Offshore vessels
The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels , platform supply vessels , standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:
Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk ; ex-Canmar Ikaluk ; ex-Smit Sibu ; sold to China)
Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo ; ex-Canmar Miscaroo ; broken up)
Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak , ex-Kigoria , ex-Talagy ; broken up)[105]
Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik ; laid up)[106]
SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise )
SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour )
SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance )
Polar Pevek (2006–2022)[107]
Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev )
Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov )
Toboy (2008–)
Varandey (2008–)
Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)[108]
Vitus Bering (2012–)
Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
Aleut (2015–)[109]
Pomor (2016–)
Normann (2016–)
Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
Stepan Makarov (2017–)
Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)[110]
Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)[111]
Arcticaborg (2019–)
Katerina Velikaya (under construction)[112]
Svyataya Mariya (under construction)[112]
Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)[112]
Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)[112] In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:
Patrol and naval vessels
The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:
Research and survey vessels
Swedish icebreaker Ymer Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)[148]
Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)[149]
Thule (1953–1998; broken up)[150]
Oden (1957–1988; broken up)[151]
Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)[78]
Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star )[152]
Ale (1973–)
Atle class
Oden (1988–)
Idun (2024–; purchased from Norway)[153]
First of the new planned icebreakers to enter service in 2027[154]
Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.